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  1. Article ; Online: Modeling synergy: How to assess a Type D personality effect.

    Lodder, Paul

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2020  Volume 132, Page(s) 109990

    Abstract: Objective: In research on Type D personality, its subcomponents negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) are hypothesized to have a synergistic effect on various medical and psychosocial outcomes. As some methods to analyze Type D ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In research on Type D personality, its subcomponents negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) are hypothesized to have a synergistic effect on various medical and psychosocial outcomes. As some methods to analyze Type D personality have been criticized, this study investigated whether these methods adequately detect a Type D effect.
    Method: We used a simulation and two empirical illustrations to investigate each method's performance (bias, power and false positives) in detecting the Type D effect.
    Results: Our simulation showed that the two most commonly used methods to assess the Type D effect (subgroup methods) were primarily picking up the presence of NA or SI main effects, indicating that these methods might falsely suggest synergistic Type D effects. Moreover, these methods failed to detect the combined presence of the NA and SI main effects, resulting in significant Type D effects when only one of the NA/SI main effects was present. The method that best detected Type D effects modeled the continuous NA/SI main effects and their statistical interaction in a regression analysis. Reanalysis of two empirical Type D personality datasets confirmed the patterns found in our simulation.
    Conclusion: This study showed that Type D effects should be modeled with a continuous interaction approach. Other approaches showed either more bias, more false positive findings or lower power. We recommend against using subgroup approaches to operationalize Type D personality, as these methods are biased, regardless of whether the Type D effect is synergistic or additive in nature.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Male ; Type D Personality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109990
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The burden of acute lymphoid leukemia among adolescents and young adults in the Western Pacific Region: evidence from Global Burden Disease 2019.

    Yang, Fan / Zhang, Bo / Lodder, Paul / Guo, Jing

    Cancer causes & control : CCC

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 839–848

    Abstract: Purpose: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells. Here, we use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, to estimate the burden and incidence rate changes in ...

    Abstract Purpose: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells. Here, we use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, to estimate the burden and incidence rate changes in adolescents and young adults (AYA) ALL in the Western Pacific Region and to reveal potential risk factors of incidence- and mortality rates.
    Methods: The GBD 2019 study data was stratified by sex, age, country, and territory. We calculated the Estimated annual percentage changes (estimated APC) in mortality and incidence rates for each of the 25 countries and territories of the western Pacific region from 1990 to 2019.
    Results: This study found global AYA ALL incidence rates had increased while the mortality rates had decreased between 1990 and 2019. Moreover, healthcare access and quality (HAQ), and government per capita health spending were identified as country-level risk factors of AYA ALL incidence rates, while HAQ, male education, and sex were identified as mortality rate predictors in 25 Western Pacific Region countries.
    Conclusion: To address and reduce the burden of incidence and mortality among AYA, various regions around the world, particularly developing countries, could revise their AYA prevention and treatment strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Female ; Young Adult ; Global Burden of Disease ; Incidence ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Cost of Illness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1064022-8
    ISSN 1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
    ISSN (online) 1573-7225
    ISSN 0957-5243
    DOI 10.1007/s10552-023-01843-3
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  3. Article ; Online: Fear of COVID-19: Data of a large longitudinal survey conducted between March 2020 and June 2021.

    Mertens, Gaëtan / Lodder, Paul / Smeets, Tom / Duijndam, Stefanie

    Data in brief

    2023  Volume 48, Page(s) 109177

    Abstract: Research indicates that fear was an important factor in determining individual responses to COVID-19, predicting relevant behaviors such as compliance to preventive measures (e.g., hand washing) and stress reactions (e.g., poor sleep quality). Given this ...

    Abstract Research indicates that fear was an important factor in determining individual responses to COVID-19, predicting relevant behaviors such as compliance to preventive measures (e.g., hand washing) and stress reactions (e.g., poor sleep quality). Given this central role of fear, it is important to understand more about its temporal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes a publicly available dataset that contains longitudinal assessment of fear of COVID-19 and other relevant constructs during the first 15 months of the pandemic. Particularly, the dataset contains data from two different samples. The first sample consists predominantly of Dutch respondents (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2786545-9
    ISSN 2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
    ISSN (online) 2352-3409
    ISSN 2352-3409
    DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109177
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Psychosocial distress and health status as risk factors for ten-year major adverse cardiac events and mortality in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease.

    Mommersteeg, Paula M C / Lodder, Paul / Aarnoudse, Wilbert / Magro, Michael / Widdershoven, Jos W

    International journal of cardiology

    2024  Volume 406, Page(s) 132062

    Abstract: Background: We examined the risk of psychosocial distress, including Type D personality, depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive mood, hostility, and health status fatigue and disease specific and generic quality of life for MACE in patients with non- ... ...

    Abstract Background: We examined the risk of psychosocial distress, including Type D personality, depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive mood, hostility, and health status fatigue and disease specific and generic quality of life for MACE in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD).
    Methods: In the Tweesteden mild stenosis (TWIST) study, 546 patients with NOCAD were followed for 10 years to examine the occurrence of cardiac mortality, a major cardiac event, or non-cardiac mortality in the absence of a cardiac event. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the impact of psychosocial distress and health status on the occurrence of MACE while adjusting for age, sex, disease severity, and lifestyle covariates.
    Results: In total 19% of the patients (mean age baseline = 61, SD 9 years; 52% women) experienced MACE, with a lower risk for women compared to men. Positive mood (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-1.00), fatigue (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.06), and physical limitation (HR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.00) were associated with MACE in adjusted models. No significant interactions between sex and psychosocial factors were present. Depressive symptoms were predictive of MACE, but no longer after adjustment.
    Conclusions: In patients with NOCAD fatigue, low positive mood, and a lower physical limitation score were associated with MACE, without marked sex differences. Type D personality, psychosocial factors, and health status were not predictive of adverse outcomes. Reducing psychosocial distress is a valid intervention goal by itself, though it is less likely to affect MACE in patients with NOCAD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Coronary Artery Disease/psychology ; Coronary Artery Disease/mortality ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Health Status ; Follow-Up Studies ; Psychological Distress ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779519-1
    ISSN 1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
    ISSN (online) 1874-1754
    ISSN 0167-5273
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132062
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Pandemic panic? Results of a 14-month longitudinal study on fear of COVID-19.

    Mertens, Gaëtan / Lodder, Paul / Smeets, Tom / Duijndam, Stefanie

    Journal of affective disorders

    2022  Volume 322, Page(s) 15–23

    Abstract: Background: Fear is an evolutionary adaptive emotion that serves to protect the organism from harm. Once a threat diminishes, fear should also dissipate as otherwise fear may become chronic and pathological. While actual threat of the COVID-19 pandemic ( ...

    Abstract Background: Fear is an evolutionary adaptive emotion that serves to protect the organism from harm. Once a threat diminishes, fear should also dissipate as otherwise fear may become chronic and pathological. While actual threat of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., number of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths) has substantially varied over the course of the pandemic, it remains unclear whether (subjective) fear has followed a similar pattern.
    Method: To examine the development of fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic and investigate potential predictors of chronic fear, we conducted a large online longitudinal study (N = 2000) using the Prolific platform between April 2020 and June 2021. Participants were voluntary response samples and consisted of residents of 34 different countries. The Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (FCQ) and several other demographic and psychological measures were completed monthly.
    Results: Overall, we find that fear steadily decreased since April 2020. Additional analyses showed that elevated fear was predicted by region (i.e., North America > Europe), anxious traits, gender, risks for loved ones, general health, and media use.
    Limitations: The interpretation of the results of this study is limited by the non-representativeness of the sample and the lack of data points between August 2020 and June 2021.
    Conclusions: This study helps to characterize the trajectory of fear levels throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and establish several relevant predictors of increased fear.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Longitudinal Studies ; Fear ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Six-year changes of posttraumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms among Chinese earthquake survivors: A network analysis.

    Yang, Fan / Lodder, Paul / Fu, Mingqi / Guo, Jing

    Journal of affective disorders

    2022  Volume 310, Page(s) 32–42

    Abstract: Background: The risk factors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms have been well-established, but whether the network structure of their symptoms changes over time remains unclear. This study aims to examine the six-year ... ...

    Abstract Background: The risk factors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms have been well-established, but whether the network structure of their symptoms changes over time remains unclear. This study aims to examine the six-year changes of network structure of PTSS and depressive symptoms among Wenchuan earthquake adult survivors in China.
    Methods: In this pooled cross-sectional study, respondents were sampled from the same population at each of the five waves (N = 1343, 1205, 1177, 1376, and 1339). The network structure of them was investigated using network analyses.
    Results: The study shows network connections stable across waves were the positive connections between hyperarousal and intrusions, hyperarousal and somatic symptoms, and two dimensions of positive effects. Stable negative connections were those between depressed affects and positive effects, avoidance and depressed affects, avoidance with interpersonal symptoms and avoidance with somatic symptoms. Across waves, fearful emotion consistently was the strongest bridge symptom connecting with PTSS symptoms. However, for PTSS the strongest bridge symptom varied across time as it was avoidance in wave 1 but were hyperarousal in other four waves.
    Limitations: This study was based on a pooled cross-sectional survey, which inhibits conclusions regarding causal influences between symptoms at the individual patient level.
    Conclusions: The network structure of PTSS and depressive symptoms was partly stable, yet also varied across survey waves. Core symptom clusters for PTSS and depressive symptoms were avoidance and depressed affect, respectively. The central role of these clusters in PTSS and depressive symptoms has important implications to future psychiatric programs.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Medically Unexplained Symptoms ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Survivors/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.002
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  7. Article ; Online: Fear of COVID-19 predicts vaccination willingness 14 months later.

    Mertens, Gaëtan / Lodder, Paul / Smeets, Tom / Duijndam, Stefanie

    Journal of anxiety disorders

    2022  Volume 88, Page(s) 102574

    Abstract: Vaccines are an important tool for governments and health agencies to contain and curb the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, despite their effectiveness and safeness, a substantial portion of the population worldwide is hesitant to get ...

    Abstract Vaccines are an important tool for governments and health agencies to contain and curb the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, despite their effectiveness and safeness, a substantial portion of the population worldwide is hesitant to get vaccinated. In the current study, we examined whether fear of COVID-19 predicts vaccination willingness. In a longitudinal study (N = 938), fear for COVID-19 was assessed in April 2020 and vaccination willingness was measured in June 2021. Approximately 11% of our sample indicated that they were not willing to get vaccinated. Results of a logistic regression showed that increased fear of COVID-19 predicts vaccination willingness 14 months later, even when controlling for several anxious personality traits, infection control perceptions, risks for loved ones, self-rated health, previous infection, media use, and demographic variables. These results show that fear of COVID-19 is a relevant construct to consider for predicting and possibly influencing vaccination willingness. Nonetheless, sensitivity and specificity of fear of COVID-19 to predict vaccination willingness were quite low and only became slightly better when fear of COVID-19 was measured concurrently. This indicates that other potential factors, such as perceived risks of the vaccines, probably also play a role in explaining vaccination willingness.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Fear ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 619417-5
    ISSN 1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
    ISSN (online) 1873-7897
    ISSN 0887-6185
    DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102574
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The latent and item structure of COVID-19 fear: A comparison of four COVID-19 fear questionnaires using SEM and network analyses.

    Mertens, Gaëtan / Duijndam, Stefanie / Smeets, Tom / Lodder, Paul

    Journal of anxiety disorders

    2021  Volume 81, Page(s) 102415

    Abstract: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several reports have shown that fear relating to COVID-19 has sharply increased. To measure fear of COVID-19, various questionnaires have been developed in parallel. However, fear concerning COVID- ...

    Abstract Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several reports have shown that fear relating to COVID-19 has sharply increased. To measure fear of COVID-19, various questionnaires have been developed in parallel. However, fear concerning COVID-19 is not necessarily a uniform construct and the different questionnaires may cover diverse aspects. To examine the underlying structure of fear of COVID-19, we conducted structural equation modelling and network analyses on four scales in an online convenience sample (N = 829). Particularly, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (Ahorsu et al., 2020), the Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (Mertens et al., 2020), and the COVID Stress Scales (Taylor, Landry, Paluszek, Fergus et al., 2020, Taylor, Landry, Paluszek, Rachor et al., 2020) were included in our study, along with a new scale that also assessed socio-economic worries relating to COVID-19. We found that fear of COVID-19 was best classified into four clusters: Fear of health-related consequences, fear of supplies shortages and xenophobia, fear about socio-economic consequences, and symptoms of fear (e.g., compulsions, nightmares). We also find that a central cluster of items centered on fear of health, which likely represents the core of fear of COVID-19. These results help to characterize fear due to COVID-19 and inform future research.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety ; COVID-19 ; Fear ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 619417-5
    ISSN 1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
    ISSN (online) 1873-7897
    ISSN 0887-6185
    DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102415
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  9. Article ; Online: School-based Psychosocial interventions on mental health among Chinese rural children with traumatic experiences: a protocol using cluster randomized controlled trial.

    Guo, Jing / Liu, Xiaohan / Huang, Ning / Yang, Fan / Bai, Yashuang / Zhang, Bo / Lodder, Paul

    BMC psychology

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 148

    Abstract: Background: The first aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of school-based psychosocial interventions for improving mental health in rural Chinese children with traumatic experiences. The second aim is to examine which individual, family and ... ...

    Abstract Background: The first aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of school-based psychosocial interventions for improving mental health in rural Chinese children with traumatic experiences. The second aim is to examine which individual, family and school related factors could explain the effectiveness of school-based psychosocial interventions. Third, we will investigate whether individual, family, and school related conditions play a moderator role on the effectiveness of school-based psychosocial interventions.
    Methods: This study will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a large sample of Chinese rural children. Four rural counties in Shandong (Central China), Henan (Central China), Inner Mongolia (Northern China), and Xinjiang (Western China) will be selected as study settings from which schools will be sampled. Each sampled school will be randomly allocated either the intervention groups or a control group. Randomization will be performed by the research member who is not involved in the intervention stage. In each school students in grade 5 or higher will be recruited to ensure that approximately 50 children aged 10 to 18 years will be included. In each county, one high school, one middle school, and one primary school will be randomly chosen as the intervention group, and the other three similar schools will be chosen as control (waiting list) groups. A standardized and uniform research protocol will be applied in all intervention schools. All school social workers and psychological teachers would receive one week of in-person training following procedures. School-based psychosocial interventions included 14 group sessions for 14 consecutive weeks.
    Discussion: This study would develop school-based mental health promotion policy recommendations to improve Chinese rural children's mental health. This study can provide solid evidence for the promotion of school-based intervention in general.
    Trial registration: ChiCTR2300069405, Registered on 15 March 2023.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Mental Health ; Psychosocial Intervention ; East Asian People ; Health Promotion/methods ; Schools ; School Health Services ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2705921-2
    ISSN 2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
    ISSN (online) 2050-7283
    ISSN 2050-7283
    DOI 10.1186/s40359-023-01182-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Thirty-year trends of depressive disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis.

    Yang, Fan / Lodder, Paul / Huang, Ning / Liu, Xiaohan / Fu, Mingqi / Guo, Jing

    Psychiatry research

    2023  Volume 328, Page(s) 115433

    Abstract: This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of depressive disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. All data were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of depressive disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. All data were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling was conducted to disentangle age, period, and birth cohort effects on depression incidence. We compared these estimates across regions classified based on their socio-demographic index (SDI). The Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was calculated for each of the 204 countries and territories to identify the top five countries with increased depression incidence (Spain, Mexico, Malaysia, the United States of America, and Uruguay) and the top five countries with decreased depression incidence (Singapore, Estonia, Cuba, Maldives, and Sri Lanka). The results from APC analysis indicate that although depression incidence has decreased globally, the incidence rate in high SDI regions is still increasing, especially in the younger generations. Findings suggest that currently some populations are in need of receiving more psychological support (i.e., individuals born after 1950s in high SDI regions; males in middle SDI regions). Forthcoming studies could corroborate our findings using individual-level data which may guide future prevention and intervention of depression in high-risk populations or regions.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Global Health ; Incidence ; Cohort Studies ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-27
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115433
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