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  1. Article: Canine Distemper Virus Infection in the Free-Living Wild Canines, the Red Fox (

    Prpić, Jelena / Lojkić, Ivana / Keros, Tomislav / Krešić, Nina / Jemeršić, Lorena

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 6

    Abstract: The canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus that is closely related to the human measles virus and rinderpest virus of cattle, is a highly contagious viral disease in dogs and wild carnivores worldwide. CDV represents a serious threat to domestic ... ...

    Abstract The canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus that is closely related to the human measles virus and rinderpest virus of cattle, is a highly contagious viral disease in dogs and wild carnivores worldwide. CDV represents a serious threat to domestic and wild animals, especially to the conservation of endangered wild carnivores. Our study aims to investigate the occurrence of CDV in free-living wild canines in Croatia. For this purpose, 176 red foxes and 24 jackal brain samples collected in the frame of the active surveillance of rabies during winter 2021/2022 were tested. This study provided the first comprehensive overview of the prevalence and spatial distribution of CDV in the wildlife of Croatia, including the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the H gene sequence of field CDV strains circulating in red fox and jackal populations of Croatia. The molecular characterization of hemagglutinin gene genomic regions confirmed the phylogenetic clustering of obtained sequences into the Europa 1 genotype. The obtained CDV red fox sequences were mutually very similar (97.60%). This study indicates the high genetic similarity of Croatian CDV red fox sequences and CDV red fox sequences from Italy and Germany, badger sequences from Germany, polecat sequences from Hungary, and dog sequences from Hungary and Germany.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens12060833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Absence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Circulation in the Most Widespread Wild Croatian Canine Species, the Red Fox (

    Prpić, Jelena / Kunić, Ana / Keros, Tomislav / Lojkić, Ivana / Brnić, Dragan / Jemeršić, Lorena

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, and the identification of new host species is reported successively worldwide. Nevertheless, its zoonotic potential and natural transmission, especially in wildlife remains ... ...

    Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, and the identification of new host species is reported successively worldwide. Nevertheless, its zoonotic potential and natural transmission, especially in wildlife remains unclear, primarily due to the discrete nature of HEV infections. Since the red fox (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11040834
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Current Status of Rabies and Its Eradication in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

    Lojkić, Ivana / Šimić, Ivana / Bedeković, Tomislav / Krešić, Nina

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of wild animals, by the end of the 20th century, most West and Central European countries were rabies-free. The EU goal was to eradicate rabies in wildlife and domestic animals by 2020. No matter how achievable the goal seemed to be, the disease is still present in the eastern part of the EU, as was notified in 2020 by two member states-Poland and Romania. Croatia has been rabies-free for the last seven years but given that it borders a non-EU country in which a case of rabies was confirmed in 2020, it will continue to contribute to the maintenance of the rabies-free region. A rabies-free EU can only be achieved by continuous oral vaccination, coordination and a regional approach. The prevention of reintroductions from bordering countries in which rabies has not been eradicated yet, and the support for the eradication efforts made by these countries, are goals still pending.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens10060742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Current Status of Rabies and Its Eradication in Eastern and Southeastern Europe

    Lojkić, Ivana / Šimić, Ivana / Bedeković, Tomislav / Krešić, Nina

    Pathogens. 2021 June 12, v. 10, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of wild animals, by the end of the 20th century, most West and Central European countries were rabies-free. The EU goal was to eradicate rabies in wildlife and domestic animals by 2020. No matter how achievable the goal seemed to be, the disease is still present in the eastern part of the EU, as was notified in 2020 by two member states—Poland and Romania. Croatia has been rabies-free for the last seven years but given that it borders a non-EU country in which a case of rabies was confirmed in 2020, it will continue to contribute to the maintenance of the rabies-free region. A rabies-free EU can only be achieved by continuous oral vaccination, coordination and a regional approach. The prevention of reintroductions from bordering countries in which rabies has not been eradicated yet, and the support for the eradication efforts made by these countries, are goals still pending.
    Keywords oral vaccination ; rabies ; wildlife ; Croatia ; Romania
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0612
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens10060742
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Biochemical and molecular characterization of three serologically different Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from farmed Dicentrarchus labrax from the Adriatic Sea.

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Lojkić, Ivana / Fouz, Belén / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7309

    Abstract: Vibrio harveyi is recognized as one of the major causes of vibriosis, a disease that threatens the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. Current research shows that the Mediterranean strains of V. harveyi are serologically heterogeneous, though ... ...

    Abstract Vibrio harveyi is recognized as one of the major causes of vibriosis, a disease that threatens the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. Current research shows that the Mediterranean strains of V. harveyi are serologically heterogeneous, though research comparing the traits of different strains is scarce. This study aims to describe the biochemical, physiological and genetic characteristics of three serologically different strains of V. harveyi isolated from farmed European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 32 morphological and biochemical markers were examined and, the susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials tested, and then compared the results of high-throughput sequencing and in silico analyses. This study also presents the first whole genome sequences of V. harveyi isolated from European sea bass. A large number of nonsynonymous variations were detected among sequences of the three strains. The prediction analysis of resistance genes did not correspond with the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Six virulence genes previously unrelated to virulence of vibrios were detected in all three studied strains. The results show that differences were detected at every level of comparison among the three studied strains isolated from the same fish species originating from a small geographic area.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aquaculture ; Bass ; Fish Diseases ; Vibrio ; Vibrio Infections/veterinary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-10720-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Biochemical and molecular characterization of three serologically different Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from farmed Dicentrarchus labrax from the Adriatic Sea.

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Lojkić, Ivana / Fouz, Belén / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 20747

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-24693-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Influence of different factors on the costs and benefits of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies.

    Bedeković, Tomislav / Šimić, Ivana / Krešić, Nina / Lojkić, Ivana

    Zoonoses and public health

    2019  Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 526–532

    Abstract: The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme is the most widespread vaccination programme that is implemented in the European Union and targets wildlife diseases. The size of the project requires significant financial resources, so a cost-benefit analysis ...

    Abstract The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme is the most widespread vaccination programme that is implemented in the European Union and targets wildlife diseases. The size of the project requires significant financial resources, so a cost-benefit analysis is necessary to establish the economic value of the project. We summarized all ORV costs during the period 2011-2016 in Croatia, calculated all established benefits and presented the cost-benefit ratio (CBR). Additionally, we analysed all components included in the ORV and rabies control programme (surveillance, preventive human treatment and vaccination of dogs) to find possibilities to increase the benefits. According to our results, in the period 2011-2016, the CBR was only 0.05, and the majority of the cost was derived from the preventive vaccination of dogs (72.3%). With the implementation of 2- or 3-year vaccination intervals, the CBR can be increased to 1.46 or 1.92, respectively, confirming positive economic value. This study shows the importance of analysing all rabies control and eradication components based on the specific characteristics of a particular country to determine the factors that can be modified to potentially improve the benefits of ORV.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Europe/epidemiology ; European Union/economics ; Foxes/virology ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Rabies/veterinary ; Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Rabies Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccination/economics ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccination/veterinary
    Chemical Substances Rabies Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2271118-1
    ISSN 1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
    ISSN (online) 1863-2378
    ISSN 1863-1959
    DOI 10.1111/zph.12587
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Influence of different factors on the costs and benefits of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies

    Bedeković, Tomislav / Šimić, Ivana / Krešić, Nina / Lojkić, Ivana

    Zoonoses and public health. 2019 Aug., v. 66, no. 5

    2019  

    Abstract: The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme is the most widespread vaccination programme that is implemented in the European Union and targets wildlife diseases. The size of the project requires significant financial resources, so a cost–benefit analysis ...

    Abstract The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme is the most widespread vaccination programme that is implemented in the European Union and targets wildlife diseases. The size of the project requires significant financial resources, so a cost–benefit analysis is necessary to establish the economic value of the project. We summarized all ORV costs during the period 2011–2016 in Croatia, calculated all established benefits and presented the cost–benefit ratio (CBR). Additionally, we analysed all components included in the ORV and rabies control programme (surveillance, preventive human treatment and vaccination of dogs) to find possibilities to increase the benefits. According to our results, in the period 2011–2016, the CBR was only 0.05, and the majority of the cost was derived from the preventive vaccination of dogs (72.3%). With the implementation of 2‐ or 3‐year vaccination intervals, the CBR can be increased to 1.46 or 1.92, respectively, confirming positive economic value. This study shows the importance of analysing all rabies control and eradication components based on the specific characteristics of a particular country to determine the factors that can be modified to potentially improve the benefits of ORV.
    Keywords European Union ; cost benefit analysis ; dogs ; economic valuation ; foxes ; monitoring ; oral vaccination ; rabies ; wildlife diseases ; Croatia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-08
    Size p. 526-532.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2271118-1
    ISSN 1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
    ISSN (online) 1863-2378
    ISSN 1863-1959
    DOI 10.1111/zph.12587
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Complete Genome Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Strain Isolated from the Skin of a Vaccinated Animal.

    Lojkić, Ivana / Šimić, Ivana / Krešić, Nina / Bedeković, Tomislav

    Genome announcements

    2018  Volume 6, Issue 22

    Abstract: Vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease (LSD) can cause adverse reactions. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of an LSD virus strain isolated from the skin of a vaccinated animal. We confirmed that the sequence of the virus used ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease (LSD) can cause adverse reactions. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of an LSD virus strain isolated from the skin of a vaccinated animal. We confirmed that the sequence of the virus used for vaccination remains stable.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704277-7
    ISSN 2169-8287
    ISSN 2169-8287
    DOI 10.1128/genomeA.00482-18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Transmission Pathways of the VNN Introduced in Croatian Marine Aquaculture.

    Zrnčić, Snježana / Brnić, Dragan / Panzarin, Valentina / Abbadi, Miriam / Lojkić, Ivana / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Due to the insufficient capacity of Croatian hatcheries, marine aquaculture depends on the importation of fry from different countries in the Mediterranean basin. Importation enables a risk of spreading pathogenic agents. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), ... ...

    Abstract Due to the insufficient capacity of Croatian hatcheries, marine aquaculture depends on the importation of fry from different countries in the Mediterranean basin. Importation enables a risk of spreading pathogenic agents. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), caused by betanodavirus is devastating for the farming of European sea bass. We described a VNN outbreak that occurred in Croatia in 2014. After the diagnosis of VNN in sea bass fry introduced from the same hatchery to five unconnected marine farms at the Adriatic Coast, we performed surveillance within one of the affected farms. It resulted in proven horizontal spreading of the virus within the farm and to feral fish around farm cages. Real-time RT-PCR tested samples showed the dependence of the virus' proliferation to the water temperature and the fish age. The highest mortality rates were noted during higher sea temperatures. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 supported the hypothesis that the virus was introduced to all studied farms from the same hatchery. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequences of infected farmed sea bass and thicklip mullet showed high similarity and it is unlikely that infection in Croatian sea bass farms has originated from wild reservoirs, as the first positive record in wild mullet was recorded after the disease outbreak.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11040418
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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