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  1. Article ; Online: Robotics and sensing technologies in red meat processing: A review

    Aly, Basem Adel / Low, Tobias / Long, Derek / Baillie, Craig / Brett, Peter

    Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2023 May 25,

    2023  

    Abstract: The red meat processing industry has a harsh work environment where tasks performed in abattoirs are physically and mentally demanding. In addition, the high financial costs associated with employing skilled labour, the shortage of such workers, and the ... ...

    Abstract The red meat processing industry has a harsh work environment where tasks performed in abattoirs are physically and mentally demanding. In addition, the high financial costs associated with employing skilled labour, the shortage of such workers, and the rise in worldwide meat consumption, there has been a growing push towards integrating automation as a potential solution for the industry. This paper describes the complexities of implementing robotics technology in red meat processing. The complexity when processing deformable natural meat mediums is significantly sensitive to the variations of workpieces caused by mechanical properties, physical shape and the position of tissues. These differences hinder conventional robotic systems from succeeding. Experimental and commercial robotic systems in red meat processing are shown to perform cutting tasks in the deboning room, whose systems capabilities are limited by executing cuts requiring little to no adaptability during the process. The review shows that X-ray, optical probes, and ultrasonic are the most effective sensing technologies in determining the cutting trajectories prior to the task. Some experimental systems utilised tactile sensing to follow more complex cutting paths but have not yet produced a commercially viable product. The evaluation of these sensing technologies' applicability to guide a robotic system in real-time is critical to tackling more complex cuts. A combination of preoperative scanning and real-time perception for adaptive control is recommended to automate tasks in red meat cutting. Also, it is recommended that to fully automate the meat cutting process, a gradual approach should be taken by shifting abattoirs by first utilising assistive technologies such as cobots, augmented reality, and virtual reality.
    Keywords X-radiation ; automation ; boning ; computer simulation ; industry ; labor ; meat consumption ; red meat ; robots ; ultrasonics ; working conditions ; Robotics ; Sensing technologies ; Red meat processing ; Cutting tasks ; Adaptive control
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0525
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 1049246-x
    ISSN 1879-3053 ; 0924-2244
    ISSN (online) 1879-3053
    ISSN 0924-2244
    DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.05.015
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Book ; Online: Understanding a Robot's Guiding Ethical Principles via Automatically Generated Explanations

    Krarup, Benjamin / Lindner, Felix / Krivic, Senka / Long, Derek

    2022  

    Abstract: The continued development of robots has enabled their wider usage in human surroundings. Robots are more trusted to make increasingly important decisions with potentially critical outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to consider the ethical principles ... ...

    Abstract The continued development of robots has enabled their wider usage in human surroundings. Robots are more trusted to make increasingly important decisions with potentially critical outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to consider the ethical principles under which robots operate. In this paper we examine how contrastive and non-contrastive explanations can be used in understanding the ethics of robot action plans. We build upon an existing ethical framework to allow users to make suggestions about plans and receive automatically generated contrastive explanations. Results of a user study indicate that the generated explanations help humans to understand the ethical principles that underlie a robot's plan.

    Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Robotics
    Publishing date 2022-06-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Super-resolution 4D flow MRI to quantify aortic regurgitation using computational fluid dynamics and deep learning.

    Long, Derek / McMurdo, Cameron / Ferdian, Edward / Mauger, Charlène A / Marlevi, David / Nash, Martyn P / Young, Alistair A

    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 1189–1202

    Abstract: Changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics are closely related to the development of aortic regurgitation (AR), a type of valvular heart disease. Metrics derived from blood flows are used to indicate AR onset and evaluate its severity. These metrics can be ... ...

    Abstract Changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics are closely related to the development of aortic regurgitation (AR), a type of valvular heart disease. Metrics derived from blood flows are used to indicate AR onset and evaluate its severity. These metrics can be non-invasively obtained using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where accuracy is primarily dependent on spatial resolution. However, insufficient resolution often results from limitations in 4D flow MRI and complex aortic regurgitation hemodynamics. To address this, computational fluid dynamics simulations were transformed into synthetic 4D flow MRI data and used to train a variety of neural networks. These networks generated super-resolution, full-field phase images with an upsample factor of 4. Results showed decreased velocity error, high structural similarity scores, and improved learning capabilities from previous work. Further validation was performed on two sets of in vivo 4D flow MRI data and demonstrated success in de-noising flow images. This approach presents an opportunity to comprehensively analyse AR hemodynamics in a non-invasive manner.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology ; Hydrodynamics ; Deep Learning ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Hemodynamics ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2055311-0
    ISSN 1875-8312 ; 1573-0743 ; 1569-5794 ; 0167-9899
    ISSN (online) 1875-8312 ; 1573-0743
    ISSN 1569-5794 ; 0167-9899
    DOI 10.1007/s10554-023-02815-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: D-VAL

    Shrinah, Anas / Long, Derek / Eder, Kerstin

    An automatic functional equivalence validation tool for planning domain models

    2021  

    Abstract: This paper introduces an approach to validate the functional equivalence of planning domain models. Validating the functional equivalence of planning domain models is the problem of formally confirming that two planning domain models can be used to solve ...

    Abstract This paper introduces an approach to validate the functional equivalence of planning domain models. Validating the functional equivalence of planning domain models is the problem of formally confirming that two planning domain models can be used to solve the same set of problems for any set of objects. The need for techniques to validate the functional equivalence of planning domain models has been highlighted in previous research and has applications in model learning, development and extension. We prove the soundness and completeness of our method. We also develop D-VAL, an automatic functional equivalence validation tool for planning domain models. Empirical evaluation shows that D-VAL validates the functional equivalence of all examined domains in less than 43 seconds. Additionally, we provide a benchmark to evaluate the feasibility and performance of this and future related work.
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2021-04-29
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book ; Online: Improving Search by Utilizing State Information in OPTIC Planners Compilation to LP

    Denenberg, Elad / Coles, Amanda / Long, Derek

    2021  

    Abstract: Automated planners are computer tools that allow autonomous agents to make strategies and decisions by determining a set of actions for the agent that to take, which will carry a system from a given initial state to the desired goal state. Many planners ... ...

    Abstract Automated planners are computer tools that allow autonomous agents to make strategies and decisions by determining a set of actions for the agent that to take, which will carry a system from a given initial state to the desired goal state. Many planners are domain-independent, allowing their deployment in a variety of domains. Such is the broad family of OPTIC planners. These planners perform Forward Search and call a Linear Programming (LP) solver multiple times at every state to check for consistency and to set bounds on the numeric variables. These checks can be computationally costly, especially in real-life applications. This paper suggests a method for identifying information about the specific state being evaluated, allowing the formulation of the equations to facilitate better solver selection and faster LP solving. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated in six domains and is shown to enhance performance significantly.

    Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Preprint, last submitted to the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2021) at 21.01.2021
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2021-06-15
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: AdductHunter: identifying protein-metal complex adducts in mass spectra.

    Long, Derek / Eade, Liam / Sullivan, Matthew P / Dost, Katharina / Meier-Menches, Samuel M / Goldstone, David C / Hartinger, Christian G / Wicker, Jörg S / Taškova, Katerina

    Journal of cheminformatics

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique for molecule identification that can be used for investigating protein-metal complex interactions. Once the MS data is collected, the mass spectra are usually interpreted manually to identify the adducts ... ...

    Abstract Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique for molecule identification that can be used for investigating protein-metal complex interactions. Once the MS data is collected, the mass spectra are usually interpreted manually to identify the adducts formed as a result of the interactions between proteins and metal-based species. However, with increasing resolution, dataset size, and species complexity, the time required to identify adducts and the error-prone nature of manual assignment have become limiting factors in MS analysis. AdductHunter is a open-source web-based analysis tool that  automates the peak identification process using constraint integer optimization to find feasible combinations of protein and fragments, and dynamic time warping to calculate the dissimilarity between the theoretical isotope pattern of a species and its experimental isotope peak distribution. Empirical evaluation on a collection of 22 unique MS datasetsshows fast and accurate identification of protein-metal complex adducts in deconvoluted mass spectra.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2486539-4
    ISSN 1758-2946
    ISSN 1758-2946
    DOI 10.1186/s13321-023-00797-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Conference proceedings: Proceedings / the Sixteenth International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling

    Long, Derek

    2006  

    Title variant ICAPS 2006
    Event/congress ICAPS 2006 (16, 2006.06.06-10, WindermereUK) ; International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (16, 2006.06.06-10, WindermereUK)
    Author's details ed. by Derek Long
    Language English
    Size XX, 449 S
    Publisher AAAI Press
    Publishing place Menlo Park, Calif
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    ISBN 9781577352709 ; 157735270X
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  8. Article ; Online: Genetics of yellow-orange color variation in a pair of sympatric sulphur butterflies.

    Hanly, Joseph J / Francescutti, Caroline M / Loh, Ling S / Corning, Olaf B W H / Long, Derek J / Nakatani, Marshall A / Porter, Adam H / Martin, Arnaud

    Cell reports

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 112820

    Abstract: Continuous color polymorphisms can serve as a tractable model for the genetic and developmental architecture of traits. Here we investigated continuous color variation in Colias eurytheme and Colias philodice, two species of sulphur butterflies that ... ...

    Abstract Continuous color polymorphisms can serve as a tractable model for the genetic and developmental architecture of traits. Here we investigated continuous color variation in Colias eurytheme and Colias philodice, two species of sulphur butterflies that hybridize in sympatry. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and high-throughput color quantification, we found two interacting large-effect loci affecting orange-to-yellow chromaticity. Knockouts of red Malpighian tubules (red), likely involved in endosomal maturation, result in depigmented wing scales. Additionally, the transcription factor bric-a-brac can act as a modulator of orange pigmentation. We also describe the QTL architecture of other continuously varying traits, together supporting a large-X effect model where the genetic control of species-defining traits is enriched on sex chromosomes. This study sheds light on the range of possible genetic architectures that can underpin a continuously varying trait and illustrates the power of using automated measurement to score phenotypes that are not always conspicuous to the human eye.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Butterflies/genetics ; Sympatry ; Pigmentation/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Wings, Animal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112820
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online: Contrastive Explanations of Plans Through Model Restrictions

    Krarup, Benjamin / Krivic, Senka / Magazzeni, Daniele / Long, Derek / Cashmore, Michael / Smith, David E.

    2021  

    Abstract: In automated planning, the need for explanations arises when there is a mismatch between a proposed plan and the user's expectation. We frame Explainable AI Planning in the context of the plan negotiation problem, in which a succession of hypothetical ... ...

    Abstract In automated planning, the need for explanations arises when there is a mismatch between a proposed plan and the user's expectation. We frame Explainable AI Planning in the context of the plan negotiation problem, in which a succession of hypothetical planning problems are generated and solved. The object of the negotiation is for the user to understand and ultimately arrive at a satisfactory plan. We present the results of a user study that demonstrates that when users ask questions about plans, those questions are contrastive, i.e. "why A rather than B?". We use the data from this study to construct a taxonomy of user questions that often arise during plan negotiation. We formally define our approach to plan negotiation through model restriction as an iterative process. This approach generates hypothetical problems and contrastive plans by restricting the model through constraints implied by user questions. We formally define model-based compilations in PDDL2.1 of each constraint derived from a user question in the taxonomy, and empirically evaluate the compilations in terms of computational complexity. The compilations were implemented as part of an explanation framework that employs iterative model restriction. We demonstrate its benefits in a second user study.

    Comment: 80 pages, 32 figures, 7 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2021-03-29
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Book ; Online: Long-Range Route-planning for Autonomous Vehicles in the Polar Oceans

    Fox, Maria / Meredith, Michael / Brearley, J. Alexander / Jones, Dan / Long, Derek

    2021  

    Abstract: There is an increasing demand for piloted autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to operate in polar ice conditions. At present, AUVs are deployed from ships and directly human-piloted in these regions, entailing a high carbon cost and limiting the scope ... ...

    Abstract There is an increasing demand for piloted autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to operate in polar ice conditions. At present, AUVs are deployed from ships and directly human-piloted in these regions, entailing a high carbon cost and limiting the scope of operations. A key requirement for long-term autonomous missions is a long-range route planning capability that is aware of the changing ice conditions. In this paper we address the problem of automating long-range route-planning for AUVs operating in the Southern Ocean. We present the route-planning method and results showing that efficient, ice-avoiding, long-distance traverses can be planned.

    Comment: Submitted to the AMS Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
    Keywords Computer Science - Robotics ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Publishing date 2021-10-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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