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Article: Evaluation of Cairpol and Aeroqual Air Sensors in Biomass Burning Plumes.

Whitehill, Andrew R / Long, Russell W / Urbanski, Shawn / Colón, Maribel / Habel, Bruce / Landis, Matthew S

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 1–22

Abstract: Cairpol and Aeroqual air quality sensors measuring CO, ... ...

Abstract	Cairpol and Aeroqual air quality sensors measuring CO, CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2605928-9
ISSN	2073-4433
ISSN	2073-4433
DOI	10.3390/atmos13060877
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Fuel layer specific pollutant emission factors for fire prone forest ecosystems of the western U.S. and Canada.

Urbanski, Shawn P / Long, Russell W / Halliday, Hannah / Lincoln, Emily N / Habel, Andrew / Landis, Matthew S

Atmospheric Environment: X

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 1–17

Abstract: Wildland fires are a major source of gases and aerosols, and the production, dispersion, and transformation of fire emissions have significant ambient air quality impacts and climate interactions. The increase in wildfire area burned and severity across ... ...

Abstract	Wildland fires are a major source of gases and aerosols, and the production, dispersion, and transformation of fire emissions have significant ambient air quality impacts and climate interactions. The increase in wildfire area burned and severity across the United States and Canada in recent decades has led to increased interest in expanding the use of prescribed fires as a forest management tool. While the primary goal of prescribed fire use is to limit the loss of life and property and ecosystem damage by constraining the growth and severity of future wildfires, a potential additional benefit of prescribed fire - reduction in the adverse impacts of smoke production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions - has recently gained the interest of land management agencies and policy makers in the United States and other nations. The evaluation of prescribed fire/wildfire scenarios and the potential mitigation of adverse impacts on air quality and GHGs requires fuel layer specific pollutant emission factors (EFs) for fire prone forest ecosystems. Our study addresses this need with laboratory experiments measuring EFs for carbon dioxide (CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-1621
ISSN (online)	2590-1621
DOI	10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100188
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Summary of PM

Long, Russell W / Urbanski, Shawn P / Lincoln, Emily / Colón, Maribel / Kaushik, Surender / Krug, Jonathan D / Vanderpool, Robert W / Landis, Matthew S

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2023 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 295–312

Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is a major primary pollutant emitted during wildland fires that has the potential to pose significant health risks to individuals/communities who live and work in areas impacted by smoke events. Limiting exposure is the principle ... ...

Abstract	Particulate matter (PM) is a major primary pollutant emitted during wildland fires that has the potential to pose significant health risks to individuals/communities who live and work in areas impacted by smoke events. Limiting exposure is the principle measure available to mitigate health impacts of smoke and therefore the accurate determination of ambient PM concentrations during wildland fire events is critical to protecting public health. However, monitoring air pollutants in smoke impacted environments has proven challenging in that measurement interferences or sampling conditions can result in both positive and negative artifacts. The EPA has performed research on methods for the measurement of PM
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Smoke/analysis ; Ammonium Sulfate ; Artifacts ; Biomass ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Aerosols ; Environmental Monitoring/methods
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Smoke ; Ammonium Sulfate (SU46BAM238) ; Air Pollutants ; Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2023.2171156
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Article: The U.S. EPA wildland fire sensor challenge: Performance and evaluation of solver submitted multi-pollutant sensor systems

Landis, Matthew S / Long, Russell W / Krug, Jonathan / Colón, Maribel / Vanderpool, Robert / Habel, Andrew / Urbanski, Shawn P

Atmospheric environment. 2021 Feb. 15, v. 247

2021

Abstract: Wildland fires can emit substantial amounts of air pollution that may pose a risk to those in proximity (e.g., first responders, nearby residents) as well as downwind populations. Quickly deploying air pollution measurement capabilities in response to ... ...

Abstract	Wildland fires can emit substantial amounts of air pollution that may pose a risk to those in proximity (e.g., first responders, nearby residents) as well as downwind populations. Quickly deploying air pollution measurement capabilities in response to incidents has been limited to date by the cost, complexity of implementation, and measurement accuracy. Emerging technologies including miniaturized direct-reading sensors, compact microprocessors, and wireless data communications provide new opportunities to detect air pollution in real time. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partnered with other U.S. federal agencies (CDC, NASA, NPS, NOAA, USFS) to sponsor the Wildland Fire Sensor Challenge. EPA and partnering organizations share the desire to advance wildland fire air measurement technology to be easier to deploy, suitable to use for high concentration events, and durable to withstand difficult field conditions, with the ability to report high time resolution data continuously and wirelessly. The Wildland Fire Sensor Challenge encouraged innovation worldwide to develop sensor prototypes capable of measuring fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and ozone (O₃) during wildfire episodes. The importance of using federal reference method (FRM) versus federal equivalent method (FEM) instruments to evaluate performance in biomass smoke is discussed. Ten solvers from three countries submitted sensor systems for evaluation as part of the challenge. The sensor evaluation results including sensor accuracy, precision, linearity, and operability are presented and discussed, and three challenge winners are announced. Raw solver submitted PM₂.₅ sensor accuracies of the winners ranged from ~22 to 32%, while smoke specific EPA regression calibrations improved the accuracies to ~75–83% demonstrating the potential of these systems in providing reasonable accuracies over conditions that are typical during wildland fire events.
Keywords	United States Environmental Protection Agency ; air ; air pollution ; biomass ; carbon dioxide ; carbon monoxide ; environment ; ozone ; particulates ; risk ; smoke ; wildfires ; wildland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0215
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118165
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The U.S. EPA wildland fire sensor challenge: Performance and evaluation of solver submitted multi-pollutant sensor systems.

Landis, Matthew S / Long, Russell W / Krug, Jonathan / Colón, Maribel / Vanderpool, Robert / Habel, Andrew / Urbanski, Shawn P

Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)

2021 Volume 247

Abstract	Wildland fires can emit substantial amounts of air pollution that may pose a risk to those in proximity (e.g., first responders, nearby residents) as well as downwind populations. Quickly deploying air pollution measurement capabilities in response to incidents has been limited to date by the cost, complexity of implementation, and measurement accuracy. Emerging technologies including miniaturized direct-reading sensors, compact microprocessors, and wireless data communications provide new opportunities to detect air pollution in real time. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partnered with other U.S. federal agencies (CDC, NASA, NPS, NOAA, USFS) to sponsor the Wildland Fire Sensor Challenge. EPA and partnering organizations share the desire to advance wildland fire air measurement technology to be easier to deploy, suitable to use for high concentration events, and durable to withstand difficult field conditions, with the ability to report high time resolution data continuously and wirelessly. The Wildland Fire Sensor Challenge encouraged innovation worldwide to develop sensor prototypes capable of measuring fine particulate matter (PM
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	1352-2310 ; 0004-6981
ISSN	1352-2310 ; 0004-6981
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118165
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Article: Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke: an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions.

Long, Russell W / Whitehill, Andrew / Habel, Andrew / Urbanski, Shawn / Halliday, Hannah / Colón, Maribel / Kaushik, Surender / Landis, Matthew S

Atmospheric measurement techniques

2021 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 1783–1800

Abstract: In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from fine particulate matter ( ... ...

Abstract	In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from fine particulate matter (PM
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2505596-3
ISSN	1867-8548 ; 1867-1381
ISSN (online)	1867-8548
ISSN	1867-1381
DOI	10.5194/amt-14-1783-2021
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Article: Comprehensive evaluations of diurnal NO

Li, Jianfeng / Wang, Yuhang / Zhang, Ruixiong / Smeltzer, Charles / Weinheimer, Andrew / Herman, Jay / Boersma, K Folkert / Celarier, Edward A / Long, Russell W / Szykman, James J / Delgado, Ruben / Thompson, Anne M / Knepp, Travis N / Lamsal, Lok N / Janz, Scott J / Kowalewski, Matthew G / Liu, Xiong / Nowlan, Caroline R

Atmospheric chemistry and physics

2022 Volume 21, Issue 14, Page(s) 11133–11160

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides ( ... ...

Abstract	Nitrogen oxides (NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1680-7316
ISSN	1680-7316
DOI	10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021
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Book ; Online: Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke

Long, Russell W. / Whitehill, Andrew / Habel, Andrew / Urbanski, Shawn / Halliday, Hannah / Colón, Maribel / Kaushik, Surender / Landis, Matthew S.

eISSN: 1867-8548

an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions

2021

Abstract	In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), large increases in ozone (O 3 ) have been observed downwind of wildland fire plumes (DeBell et al., 2004; Bytnerowicz et al., 2010; Preisler et al., 2010; Jaffe et al., 2012; Bytnerowicz et al., 2013; Jaffe et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2016; Lindaas et al., 2017; McClure and Jaffe, 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Baylon et al., 2018; Buysse et al., 2019). Conditions generated in and around wildland fire plumes, including the presence of interfering chemical species, can make the accurate measurement of O 3 concentrations using the ultraviolet (UV) photometric method challenging if not impossible. UV photometric method instruments are prone to interferences by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present at high concentrations in wildland fire smoke. Four different O 3 measurement methodologies were deployed in a mobile sampling platform downwind of active prescribed grassland fire lines in Kansas and Oregon and during controlled chamber burns at the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. We demonstrate that the Federal Reference Method (FRM) nitric oxide (NO) chemiluminescence monitors and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) gas-phase (NO) chemical scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors are relatively interference-free, even in near-field combustion plumes. In contrast, FEM UV photometric O 3 monitors using solid-phase catalytic scrubbers show positive artifacts that are positively correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) and total gas-phase hydrocarbon (THC), two indicator species of biomass burning. Of the two catalytic scrubber UV photometric methods evaluated, the instruments that included a Nafion ® tube dryer in the sample introduction system had artifacts an order of magnitude smaller than the instrument with no humidity correction. We hypothesize that Nafion ® -permeating VOCs (such as aromatic hydrocarbons) could be a significant source of interference for catalytic scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors and that the inclusion of a Nafion ® tube dryer assists with the mitigation of these interferences. The chemiluminescence FRM method is highly recommended for accurate measurements of O 3 in wildland fire plume studies and at regulatory ambient monitoring sites frequently impacted by wildland fire smoke.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Comparison of Ozone Measurement Methods in Biomass Burning Smoke

Long, Russell W. / Whitehill, Andrew / Habel, Andrew / Urbanski, Shawn / Halliday, Hannah / Colón, Maribel / Kaushik, Surender / Landis, Matthew S.

eISSN: 1867-8548

An evaluation under field and laboratory conditions

2020

Abstract	In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), large increases in ozone (O 3 ) are also observed downwind of wildland fire plumes. Conditions generated in and around wildland fire plumes, including the presence of interfering chemical species, can make the accurate measurement of O 3 concentrations using the ultraviolet (UV) photometric method challenging if not impossible. UV photometric method instruments are prone to interferences by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present at high concentrations in wildland fire smoke. Four different O 3 measurement methodologies were deployed in a mobile sampling platform downwind of active prescribed grassland fire lines in Kansas and Oregon and during controlled chamber burns at the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. We demonstrate that the Federal Reference Method (FRM) nitric oxide (NO) chemiluminescence monitors and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) gas-phase (NO) chemical scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors are relatively interference-free, even in near-field combustion plumes. In contrast, FEM UV photometric O 3 monitors using solid-phase catalytic scrubbers show positive artifacts that are positively correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) and total gas phase hydrocarbons (THC), two indicator species of biomass burning. Of the two catalytic scrubber UV photometric methods evaluated, the instruments that included a Nafion ® tube dryer in the sample introduction system had artifacts an order of magnitude smaller than the instrument with no humidity correction. We hypothesize that Nafion ® --permeable VOCs (such as aromatic hydrocarbons) could be a significant source of interference for catalytic scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors, and that the inclusion of a Nafion ® tube dryer assists with the mitigation of these interferences. The interference-free chemiluminescence FRM method is highly recommended for accurate measurements of O 3 in wildland fire plume studies and at regulatory ambient monitoring sites frequently impacted by wildland fire smoke.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Performance Evaluation and Community Application of Low-Cost Sensors for Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide.

Duvall, Rachelle M / Long, Russell W / Beaver, Melinda R / Kronmiller, Keith G / Wheeler, Michael L / Szykman, James J

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2016 Volume 16, Issue 10

Abstract: This study reports on the performance of electrochemical-based low-cost sensors and their use in a community application. CairClip sensors were collocated with federal reference and equivalent methods and operated in a network of sites by citizen ... ...

Abstract	This study reports on the performance of electrochemical-based low-cost sensors and their use in a community application. CairClip sensors were collocated with federal reference and equivalent methods and operated in a network of sites by citizen scientists (community members) in Houston, Texas and Denver, Colorado, under the umbrella of the NASA-led DISCOVER-AQ Earth Venture Mission. Measurements were focused on ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). The performance evaluation showed that the CairClip O₃/NO₂ sensor provided a consistent measurement response to that of reference monitors (r² = 0.79 in Houston; r² = 0.72 in Denver) whereas the CairClip NO₂ sensor measurements showed no agreement to reference measurements. The CairClip O₃/NO₂ sensor data from the citizen science sites compared favorably to measurements at nearby reference monitoring sites. This study provides important information on data quality from low-cost sensor technologies and is one of few studies that reports sensor data collected directly by citizen scientists.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s16101698
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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