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  1. Article: Soil micromorphology as tool for the past permafrost and paleoclimate reconstruction

    Longhi, Alessandro / Trombino, Luca / Guglielmin, Mauro

    Catena. 2021 Dec., v. 207

    2021  

    Abstract: Podzols developed on glacial and periglacial features provide the opportunity to reconstruct permafrost past limits and related paleoclimatic variations using micromorphological analysis.Analyzing 10 thin sections on 8 soils classified as Podzol in two ... ...

    Abstract Podzols developed on glacial and periglacial features provide the opportunity to reconstruct permafrost past limits and related paleoclimatic variations using micromorphological analysis.Analyzing 10 thin sections on 8 soils classified as Podzol in two study areas in the Central Italian Alps (Stelvio Pass area and Val Cantone area), we have been able to find different microstructures or pedofeatures (i.e., granular, platy, subangular blocky microstructures, silt cappings on coarse mineral grains) induced by processes related to permafrost conditions like gelifluction and ice lenses segregation. The type and the frequency of these micropedological traits allowed us to determine the lowest limit of past permafrost at 2228 m a.s.l. in Stelvio Pass area and 2347 m a.s.l. in Val Cantone area, respectively ca. 400 m and 330 m lower than today.Moreover, the analysis of paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature derived from various proxy data and the age of soil pedogenesis allowed us to identify four different phases of podzolization dated to: 13.5–11.5 ka (I phase), 11–9.7 ka (II phase), 9.3–8 ka (III phase), and 7.7–7.3 ka (IV phase).Reconstructed paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature of the four phases of podzolization also allowed us to determine that in Val Cantone there were two different permafrost aggradation periods that were synchronous to podzolization while in Stelvio Pass area one additional permafrost aggradation period that occurred at 7.7–7.3 ka.
    Keywords Podzols ; age of soil ; catenas ; paleoclimatology ; permafrost ; podzolization ; silt ; soil micromorphology ; Alps region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 519608-5
    ISSN 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
    ISSN (online) 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
    ISSN 0341-8162
    DOI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105628
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Current Role, Recent Advancements and Future Prospectives.

    Maccioni, Francesca / Busato, Ludovica / Valenti, Alessandra / Cardaccio, Sara / Longhi, Alessandro / Catalano, Carlo

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 14

    Abstract: This review focuses on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GI MRI), analyzing the major technical advances achieved in this field, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, molecular imaging, motility ... ...

    Abstract This review focuses on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GI MRI), analyzing the major technical advances achieved in this field, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, molecular imaging, motility studies, and artificial intelligence. Today, MRI performed with the more advanced imaging techniques allows accurate assessment of many bowel diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease and rectal cancer; in most of these diseases, MRI is invaluable for diagnosis, staging, and disease monitoring under treatment. Several MRI parameters are currently considered activity biomarkers for inflammation and neoplastic disease. Furthermore, in younger patients with acute or chronic GI disease, MRI can be safely used for short-term follow-up studies in many critical clinical situations because it is radiation-free. MRI assessment of functional gastro-esophageal and small bowel disorders is still in its infancy but very promising, while it is well established and widely used for dynamic assessment of anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction; MRI motility biomarkers have also been described. There are still some limitations to GI MRI related to high cost and limited accessibility. However, technical advances are expected, such as faster sequences, more specific intestinal contrast agents, AI analysis of MRI data, and possibly increased accessibility to GI MRI studies. Clinical interest in the evaluation of bowel disease using MRI is already very high, but is expected to increase significantly in the coming years.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics13142410
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics.

    Scala, Antonio / Bosco, Antonio / Pipia, Anna Paola / Tamponi, Claudia / Musella, Vincenzo / Costanzo, Nicola / Testoni, Francesco / Montisci, Antonio / Mocci, Giovanni / Longhi, Alessandro / Tilocca, Laura / Rinaldi, Laura / Cringoli, Giuseppe / Varcasia, Antonio

    Geospatial health

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 562

    Abstract: A study monitoring cystic echinococcosis (CE) in adult dairy cattle from intensive livestock farms located in the municipality of Arborea (Sardinia, Italy) was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective study of veterinary reporting forms of post- ...

    Abstract A study monitoring cystic echinococcosis (CE) in adult dairy cattle from intensive livestock farms located in the municipality of Arborea (Sardinia, Italy) was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective study of veterinary reporting forms of post-mortem inspections in 10 different Italian slaughterhouses was also performed. In addition, data on viability and molecular characterisation of hydatid cysts removed from parasitised organs in cattle was carried out. A geographical information system (GIS) with data layers of the study area and the geo-referenced points of 160 cattle farms was constructed. CE was found in 21.9% (35/160) of the surveyed farms. The retrospective study revealed that 0.05% (13/23,656) of adult slaughtered animals (over one year of age) from Arborea had tested positive to CE. The results stratified per year showed the following CE prevalences: 0.09% (5/5673) in 2012; 0.02% (1/5682) in 2013; 0.08% (5/6261) in 2014; and 0.03% (2/6040) in 2015 (χ2 with 3 degrees of freedom=3.81; P=0.282). The E. granulosus sensu stricto (formerly called G1 or sheep strain) was detected in all cysts subjected to molecular analysis. The GIS analysis showed that CE is fairly resilient in the Arborea territory where most of cattle farms are located, while a small cluster of cases was found located in the southeastern part of Arborea, close to districts where sheep farms are situated. The present survey reports the presence of CE in Sardinian dairy cattle intensive farms and suggests that the parasitic pressure of CE in the island continues to be very strong.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/transmission ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/transmission ; Echinococcosis/veterinary ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Farms ; Italy/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/transmission
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--29
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2276179-2
    ISSN 1970-7096 ; 1827-1987
    ISSN (online) 1970-7096
    ISSN 1827-1987
    DOI 10.4081/gh.2017.562
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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