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Article ; Online: Variation of microsporogenesis in sexual, apomictic and recombinant plants of Poa pratensis L

Egizia Falistocco / Emidio Albertini / Gianpiero Marconi / Lorenzo Raggi / Marilena Ceccarelli / daniele rosellini

Caryologia (2022)

2022

Abstract: Apomixis is a rather widespread phenomenon in plants. It is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization. Some species are facultative apomicts and form seeds by ... ...

Abstract	Apomixis is a rather widespread phenomenon in plants. It is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization. Some species are facultative apomicts and form seeds by means of sexual and apomictic pathways to different extents. This is the case of Poa pratensis, the Kentucky bluegrass, which reproduces by aposporous pseudogamous facultative apomixis. This grass is one of the most explored apomictic systems, however some aspects, such as the meiotic behavior have not been so far investigated. In this study the process of microsporogenesis in genotypes of P. pratensis with a different mode of reproduction was investigated. The analysis revealed an almost regular meiosis in the sexual plants whereas apomictic genotypes exhibited different levels of meiotic irregularities most of which due to a phenomenon of cell fusion and irregular segregation in I and II division. Data obtained did not reveal evident connections between the extent and types of abnormalities and the components of apomixis, The meiotic behavior of the examined plants was discussed in the light of their origin.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Cytology ; QH573-671
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Firenze University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In-Depth Characterisation of Common Bean Diversity Discloses Its Breeding Potential for Sustainable Agriculture

Leonardo Caproni / Lorenzo Raggi / Salvatore Ceccarelli / Valeria Negri / Andrea Carboni

Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 19, p

2019 Volume 5443

Abstract: Legumes’ cultivation contributes services to agro-ecosystems and society, in line with the principles of sustainability. Among pulses, the common bean is one of the most important sources of plant proteins and other important nutrients for humans. ... ...

Abstract	Legumes’ cultivation contributes services to agro-ecosystems and society, in line with the principles of sustainability. Among pulses, the common bean is one of the most important sources of plant proteins and other important nutrients for humans. Extensive phenotypic and genetic characterisations of unexplored bean germplasm are still needed to unlock its breeding potential. To the purpose, a panel of 192 diverse genotypes, mainly developed starting from European landrace accessions, was characterised for relevant morpho-phenological traits; a partially replicated experimental design was used. For each quantitative trait, Best Linear Unbiased Predictors and broad-sense heritability were estimated. The screened panel revealed a high level of diversity for most of the measured traits, especially for days to flowering and hundred-seed weight. The same material was also characterised by means of double-digest Restriction-site Associated DNA; a high number of SNP markers were successfully produced. The genotyping allowed understanding the fine genetic structure of the panel. Genetic information was also used to study morpho-phenological traits considering different genetic groups existing within the panel. At the same time, genotypes characterised by favourable traits were identified. The availability of such collection with its extensive characterisation, make this material an excellent resource for common bean improvement.
Keywords	phaseolus vulgaris l ; common bean landraces ; common bean diversity ; morpho-phenological and genetic characterisation ; days to flowering ; seed protein content ; snp genotyping ; ddrad-seq ; breeding for sustainable agriculture ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: European landrace diversity for common bean biofortification

Leonardo Caproni / Lorenzo Raggi / Elise F. Talsma / Peter Wenzl / Valeria Negri

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a genome-wide association study

2020 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Mineral deficiencies represent a global challenge that needs to be urgently addressed. An adequate intake of iron and zinc results in a balanced diet that reduces chances of impairment of many metabolic processes that can lead to clinical ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Mineral deficiencies represent a global challenge that needs to be urgently addressed. An adequate intake of iron and zinc results in a balanced diet that reduces chances of impairment of many metabolic processes that can lead to clinical consequences. In plants, bioavailability of such nutrients is reduced by presence of compounds such as phytic acid, that can chelate minerals and reduce their absorption. Biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents an important strategy to reduce mineral deficiencies, especially in areas of the world where this crop plays a key role in the diet. In this study, a panel of diversity encompassing 192 homozygous genotypes, was screened for iron, zinc and phytate seed content. Results indicate a broad variation of these traits and allowed the identification of accessions reasonably carrying favourable trait combinations. A significant association between zinc seed content and some molecular SNP markers co-located on the common bean Pv01 chromosome was detected by means of genome-wide association analysis. The gene Phvul001G233500, encoding for an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, is proposed to explain detected associations. This result represents a preliminary evidence that can foster future research aiming at understanding the genetic mechanisms behind zinc accumulation in beans.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Assessment of spatial–temporal variation in natural populations of Brassica incana in south Italy: implications for conservation

Ciancaleoni, Simona / Lorenzo Raggi / Valeria Negri

Plant systematics and evolution. 2018 June, v. 304, no. 6

2018

Abstract: Brassica incana is a secondary-gene pool wild relative of Brassica oleracea. Twenty-two B. incana populations are recorded in Italy, where the species has recently been pointed out as in priority need of conservation. While data on the spatial and ... ...

Abstract	Brassica incana is a secondary-gene pool wild relative of Brassica oleracea. Twenty-two B. incana populations are recorded in Italy, where the species has recently been pointed out as in priority need of conservation. While data on the spatial and temporal variation of B. incana Italian populations are completely lacking, this information is useful in conservation planning for this species. Three populations from the Sorrento peninsula and from the islands of Ischia and Capri, collected in 1984 and 2012, were characterised for 12 morpho-phenological and 21 genetic traits to assess their spatial–temporal variation. The populations were quite different for morpho-phenological and genetic traits. Spatial differentiation was high and easily explained by the isolation. Temporal differentiation between the Sorrento and Ischia populations was high and explained by a reduction in the population census across time, while it was not significant between the two Capri accessions as such pointing to a major effect of genetic drift. Numerical dimension is extremely relevant in evaluating conservation priorities since it has a major impact on population dynamics over time. The Sorrento and Ischia populations are under threat and urgently need conservation actions, suggesting an alarming scenario for the survival of other crop wild relative populations which are similar in census. Our data also show that, in an allogamous and self-incompatible species like B. incana, populations of 100–200 individuals maintain high allelic diversity. According to obtained results, natural populations of species with similar reproductive system and census can be considered at low risk of genetic erosion.
Keywords	alleles ; allelic variation ; Brassica incana ; Brassica oleracea ; genetic drift ; genetic traits ; islands ; planning ; population dynamics ; reproductive system ; risk ; spatial variation ; temporal variation ; wild relatives ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 731-745.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463027-8
ISSN	1615-6110 ; 0378-2697
ISSN (online)	1615-6110
ISSN	0378-2697
DOI	10.1007/s00606-018-1505-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The genetic diversity of selections and wild populations of myrtle revealed by molecular geographic contexts

Mele, Caterina / Lucia Corona / Sara Melito / Lorenzo Raggi / Maurizio Mulas

Industrial crops and products. 2019 Feb. 08,

2019

Abstract: Myrtus communis L. is an aromatic shrub widely diffused in the Mediterranean area. A growing interest for this species is due to its pharmacological and aromatic properties. This study explored the genetic diversity and population structure of 460 myrtle ...

Abstract	Myrtus communis L. is an aromatic shrub widely diffused in the Mediterranean area. A growing interest for this species is due to its pharmacological and aromatic properties. This study explored the genetic diversity and population structure of 460 myrtle plants including 46 selections genotypes and 414 wild accessions from Sardinia using simple 14 SSR markers. Genetic diversity parameters showed that 10 markers were sufficiently polymorphic to move forward in the further analysis. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.21 (Porto Ferro) to 0.44 (Olia Speciosa), with an average value of 0.32. This parameter significantly varied considering the genetic origin of the plant (selections and natural), and the localization of the myrtle sampling sites (North, Center and South area) (P < 0.0001). The selections showed an observed heterozygosity’s lower (0.40) compared to the wild group (0.45). Based on the geographic division of Sardinia, North region grouped myrtle accessions with the highest level of genetic diversity (0.45), followed by the Central area (0.43) and the South, that collect the lowest value (0.42). Bayesian clustering analysis divided the myrtle accessions in two principal groups, which are in overlap with the division in selections and natural populations. Significant different distribution of the two clusters was found (Pearson, P = 0.003): one cluster was mainly distributed in the South-Center of Sardinia, while the other cluster was predominant the North area. These results and the obtained genetic characterization are a description of an in situ germplasm collection, an important step for planning future ex situ collection to reinforce the genetic base of breeding programs, allowing to diversify the industrial potential of products derivatives from myrtle.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Myrtus communis ; breeding programs ; cluster analysis ; genetic background ; genetic variation ; germplasm conservation ; heterozygosity ; microsatellite repeats ; population structure ; shrubs ; Mediterranean region ; Sardinia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0208
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1132158-1
ISSN	1872-633X ; 0926-6690
ISSN (online)	1872-633X
ISSN	0926-6690
DOI	10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.018
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multi-Environment Evaluation and Genetic Characterisation of Common Bean Breeding Lines for Organic Farming Systems

Leonardo Caproni / Lorenzo Raggi / Carlo Tissi / Sally Howlett / Renzo Torricelli / Valeria Negri

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 3, p

2018 Volume 777

Abstract: It is recognised that one of the main causes for the relative low yields under organic conditions is the use of modern cultivars which are bred for high-input management systems. The work described here aimed to study and test possible breeding ... ...

Abstract	It is recognised that one of the main causes for the relative low yields under organic conditions is the use of modern cultivars which are bred for high-input management systems. The work described here aimed to study and test possible breeding strategies to produce cultivars of common bean for organic agriculture. To this purpose, crosses between a traditional Italian landrace named “Gnocchetto” and a cultivar were carried out. The F1 plants obtained were either backcrossed or self-fertilised and the obtained materials subjected to selection for quality traits at different development stages. The resulting lines were tested under four different environmental conditions for three years in order to determine their potential performance. The resulting data were analysed using a Multi-Environment Trial Analysis (MET) approach and different visualisations of the GGE biplot were generated. Furthermore, to assess the level of genetic similarity, the lines were characterised using 25 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Results showed that the breeding approach applied allowed to select lines with the same technological and agronomic characteristics as commercially available cultivars, but with different adaptation abilities that make them suitable for organic agriculture.
Keywords	common bean ; organic agriculture ; landrace germplasm ; multi-environment trials ; GGE biplot ; SSR markers ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tuber mesentericum and Tuber aestivum truffles

Giorgio Marozzi / Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci / Edoardo Suriano / Nicola Sitta / Lorenzo Raggi / Hovirag Lancioni / Leonardo Baciarelli Falini / Emidio Albertini / Domizia Donnini

Diversity, Vol 12, Iss 349, p

New Insights Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses

2020 Volume 349

Abstract: Tuber aestivum , one of the most sought out and marketed truffle species in the world, is morphologically similar to Tuber mesentericum , which is only locally appreciated in south Italy and north-east France. Because T. aestivum and T. mesentericum have ...

Abstract	Tuber aestivum , one of the most sought out and marketed truffle species in the world, is morphologically similar to Tuber mesentericum , which is only locally appreciated in south Italy and north-east France. Because T. aestivum and T. mesentericum have very similar ascocarp features, and collection may occur in similar environments and periods, these two species are frequently mistaken for one another. In this study, 43 T. aestivum and T. mesentericum ascocarps were collected in Italy for morphological and molecular characterization. The morphological and aromatic characteristics of the fresh ascocarps were compared with their spore morphology. Afterwards, we amplified and sequenced the elongation factor 1-α (EF1α) locus and built maximum likelihood trees to assess phylogenetic similarities between the two species. Tuber aestivum and T. mesentericum sequences cluster into different clades, with T. mesentericum sequences divided into three different sub-clades. According to their morphological features, three samples (T7, T8 and T12) were classified as T. mesentericum. However, when fresh, these ascocarps lacked the typical phenolic aromatic note. These specimens fall into the sub-clade III of the T. mesentericum phylogeny, which has the lowest genetic distance from the T. aestivum clade.
Keywords	Tuber mesentericum ; phylogeny ; truffle ; ascocarp ; Tuber aestivum ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Poa pratensis Worldwide Collection through Morphological, Nuclear and Chloroplast Diversity Analysis.

Lorenzo Raggi / Elena Bitocchi / Luigi Russi / Gianpiero Marconi / Timothy F Sharbel / Fabio Veronesi / Emidio Albertini

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e

2015 Volume 0124709

Abstract: Poa pratensis L. is a forage and turf grass species well adapted to a wide range of mesic to moist habitats. Due to its genome complexity little is known regarding evolution, genome composition and intraspecific phylogenetic relationships of this species. ...

Abstract	Poa pratensis L. is a forage and turf grass species well adapted to a wide range of mesic to moist habitats. Due to its genome complexity little is known regarding evolution, genome composition and intraspecific phylogenetic relationships of this species. In the present study we investigated the morphological and genetic diversity of 33 P. pratensis accessions from 23 different countries using both nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers as well as flow cytometry of somatic tissues. This with the aim of shedding light on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the collection that includes both cultivated and wild materials. Morphological characterization showed that the most relevant traits able to distinguish cultivated from wild forms were spring growth habit and leaf colour. The genome size analysis revealed high variability both within and between accessions in both wild and cultivated materials. The sequence analysis of the trnL-F chloroplast region revealed a low polymorphism level that could be the result of the complex mode of reproduction of this species. In addition, a strong reduction of chloroplast SSR variability was detected in cultivated materials, where only two alleles were conserved out of the four present in wild accessions. Contrarily, at nuclear level, high variability exist in the collection where the analysis of 11 SSR loci allowed the detection of a total of 91 different alleles. A Bayesian analysis performed on nuclear SSR data revealed that studied materials belong to two main clusters. While wild materials are equally represented in both clusters, the domesticated forms are mostly belonging to cluster P2 which is characterized by lower genetic diversity compared to the cluster P1. In the Neighbour Joining tree no clear distinction was found between accessions with the exception of those from China and Mongolia that were clearly separated from all the others.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Short-Term Local Adaptation of Historical Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties and Implications for In Situ Management of Bean Diversity

Stephanie M. Klaedtke / Leonardo Caproni / Julia Klauck / Paul de la Grandville / Martin Dutartre / Pierre M. Stassart / Véronique Chable / Valeria Negri / Lorenzo Raggi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 18, Iss 3, p

2017 Volume 493

Abstract: Recognizing both the stakes of traditional European common bean diversity and the role farmers’ and gardeners’ networks play in maintaining this diversity, the present study examines the role that local adaptation plays for the management of common bean ... ...

Abstract	Recognizing both the stakes of traditional European common bean diversity and the role farmers’ and gardeners’ networks play in maintaining this diversity, the present study examines the role that local adaptation plays for the management of common bean diversity in situ. To the purpose, four historical bean varieties and one modern control were multiplied on two organic farms for three growing seasons. The fifteen resulting populations, the initial ones and two populations of each variety obtained after the three years of multiplication, were then grown in a common garden. Twenty-two Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and 13 phenotypic traits were assessed. In total, 68.2% of tested markers were polymorphic and a total of 66 different alleles were identified. FST analysis showed that the genetic composition of two varieties multiplied in different environments changed. At the phenotypic level, differences were observed in flowering date and leaf length. Results indicate that three years of multiplication suffice for local adaptation to occur. The spatial dynamics of genetic and phenotypic bean diversity imply that the maintenance of diversity should be considered at the scale of the network, rather than individual farms and gardens. The microevolution of bean populations within networks of gardens and farms emerges as a research perspective.
Keywords	common bean ; local adaptation ; genetic diversity ; microevolution ; Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers ; crop diversity ; organic farming ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Use of MSAP markers to analyse the effects of salt stress on DNA methylation in rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera).

Gianpiero Marconi / Roberta Pace / Alessandra Traini / Lorenzo Raggi / Stanley Lutts / Marialuisa Chiusano / Marcello Guiducci / Mario Falcinelli / Paolo Benincasa / Emidio Albertini

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e

2013 Volume 75597

Abstract: Excessive soil salinity is a major ecological and agronomical problem, the adverse effects of which are becoming a serious issue in regions where saline water is used for irrigation. Plants can employ regulatory strategies, such as DNA methylation, to ... ...

Abstract	Excessive soil salinity is a major ecological and agronomical problem, the adverse effects of which are becoming a serious issue in regions where saline water is used for irrigation. Plants can employ regulatory strategies, such as DNA methylation, to enable relatively rapid adaptation to new conditions. In this regard, cytosine methylation might play an integral role in the regulation of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Rapeseed, which is the most important oilseed crop in Europe, is classified as being tolerant of salinity, although cultivars can vary substantially in their levels of tolerance. In this study, the Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) approach was used to assess the extent of cytosine methylation under salinity stress in salinity-tolerant (Exagone) and salinity-sensitive (Toccata) rapeseed cultivars. Our data show that salinity affected the level of DNA methylation. In particular methylation decreased in Exagone and increased in Toccata. Nineteen DNA fragments showing polymorphisms related to differences in methylation were sequenced. In particular, two of these were highly similar to genes involved in stress responses (Lacerata and trehalose-6-phosphatase synthase S4) and were chosen to further characterization. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected MSAP loci showed that cytosine methylation changes under salinity as well as gene expression varied. In particular, our data show that salinity stress influences the expression of the two stress-related genes. Moreover, we quantified the level of trehalose in Exagone shoots and found that it was correlated to TPS4 expression and, therefore, to DNA methylation. In conclusion, we found that salinity could induce genome-wide changes in DNA methylation status, and that these changes, when averaged across different genotypes and developmental stages, accounted for 16.8% of the total site-specific methylation differences in the rapeseed genome, as detected by MSAP ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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