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  1. Article ; Online: Intermittent pneumatic compression devices: time to reassess the evidence.

    Lott, Natalie / Smith, Stephen / Gani, Jonathan / Reeves, Penny

    ANZ journal of surgery

    2023  Volume 93, Issue 4, Page(s) 812–814

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050749-5
    ISSN 1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    ISSN (online) 1445-2197
    ISSN 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    DOI 10.1111/ans.18342
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Optimal antiseptic skin preparation agents for minimizing surgical site infection following surgery: cost and cost-effectiveness analysis.

    Deeming, Simon / Dolja-Gore, Xenia / Gani, Jon / Carroll, Rosemary / Lott, Natalie / Attia, John / Reeves, Penny / Smith, Stephen R

    BJS open

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: The application of antiseptic skin agents prior to incision minimizes the rate of surgical site infection. Despite their ubiquity, the optimal skin preparation agent remains uncertain. A retrospective economic analysis was conducted to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The application of antiseptic skin agents prior to incision minimizes the rate of surgical site infection. Despite their ubiquity, the optimal skin preparation agent remains uncertain. A retrospective economic analysis was conducted to complement the results from the NEWSkin Prep trial which prospectively compared three preparation agents.
    Methods: A cost and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a healthcare service perspective to compare chlorhexidine with 70% ethanol, and aqueous povidone-iodine, against povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol. Resource use estimates accounted for hospital admissions, readmissions associated with surgical site infection, outpatient and general practitioner attendances, visits from community nurses and therapeutic consumables. The measure of effectiveness comprised the net difference in number of patients with surgical site infections per 1000 patients. Costs were compared using a two-sample Welch's t-test. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
    Results: The null hypothesis that the mean costs for the trial arms were significantly different was not rejected (Welch's t-test P value: 0.771 for chlorhexidine with 70% ethanol against povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol; and 0.955 for aqueous povidone-iodine against povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol). Based on bootstrap averages, the chlorhexidine with 70% ethanol intervention generated 8.0 fewer surgical site infections per 1000 patients and net cost savings of €151,698 (Euros) per 1000 patients compared with povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol, and aqueous povidone-iodine produced a net cost saving of €37,494 per 1000 patients but generated an additional 11.6 surgical site infections per 1000 patients compared with povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol. The comparison of chlorhexidine with 70% ethanol to povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol was sensitive to the inclusion of cost outliers, while the comparison of aqueous povidone-iodine to povidone-iodine with 70% ethanol was sensitive to the estimated cost per surgical site infection.
    Conclusion: Based on the outcomes from the NEWSkin Prep study, this economic analysis found no definitive evidence in favour of any one of the study comparators. Future model-based economic analyses of alternative skin preparations should critically address the quality of evidence and integrate the results from the NEWSkin Prep study.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Ethanol ; 2-Propanol/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Povidone-Iodine (85H0HZU99M) ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L) ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; 2-Propanol (ND2M416302)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-9842
    ISSN (online) 2474-9842
    DOI 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad160
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  3. Article ; Online: Venous thromboembolic prophylaxis: current practice of surgeons in Australia and New Zealand for major abdominal surgery.

    Lott, Natalie / Senanayake, Tharindu / Carroll, Rosemary / Gani, Jon / Smith, Stephen R

    BMC surgery

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 265

    Abstract: Background: Surgical prophylaxis for venous thrombo-embolic disease (VTE) includes risk assessment, chemical prophylaxis and mechanical prophylaxis (graduated compression stockings [GCS] and/or intermittent pneumatic compression devices [IPCD]). ... ...

    Abstract Background: Surgical prophylaxis for venous thrombo-embolic disease (VTE) includes risk assessment, chemical prophylaxis and mechanical prophylaxis (graduated compression stockings [GCS] and/or intermittent pneumatic compression devices [IPCD]). Although there is overwhelming evidence for the need and efficacy of VTE prophylaxis in patients at risk, only about a third of those who are at risk of VTE receive appropriate prophylaxis.
    Objective: There is debate as to the best combination of VTE prophylaxis following abdominal surgery due to lack of evidence. The aim of this survey was to understand this gap between knowledge and practice.
    Methods: In 2019 and 2020, a survey was conducted to investigate the current practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for major abdominal surgery, with a focus on colorectal resections. The study received ethics approval and involved distributing an 11-item questionnaire to members of two professional surgical societies: the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ) and the General Surgeons Australia (GSA).
    Results: From 214 surgeons: 100% use chemical prophylaxis, 68% do not use a risk assessment tool, 27% do not vary practice according to patient risk factors while > 90% use all three forms of VTE prophylaxis at some stage of treatment. Most surgeons do not vary practice between laparoscopic and open colectomy/major abdominal surgery and only 33% prescribe post-discharge chemical prophylaxis. 42% of surgeons surveyed had equipoise for a clinical trial on the use of IPCDs and the vast majority (> 95%) feel that IPCDs should provide at least a 2% improvement in VTE event rate in order to justify their routine use.
    Conclusion: Most surgeons in Australia and New Zealand do not use risk assessment tools and use all three forms of prophylaxis regardless. Therfore there is a gap between practice and VTE prophylaxis for the use of mechanical prophylaxis options. Further research is required to determine whether dual modality mechanical prophylaxis is incrementally efficacious. Trial Registration- Not Applicable.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aftercare ; Australia ; New Zealand ; Patient Discharge ; Surgeons ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Abdomen/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050442-1
    ISSN 1471-2482 ; 1471-2482
    ISSN (online) 1471-2482
    ISSN 1471-2482
    DOI 10.1186/s12893-023-02135-y
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  4. Article ; Online: Antiseptic Skin Agents to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Clean Implant Surgery: Subgroup Analysis of the NEWSkin Prep Trial.

    Smith, Stephen / Abuhassanian, Ibrahim / Attia, John / Carroll, Rosemary / Lott, Natalie / Hampton, Jacob / Gani, Jon

    Surgical infections

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 818–822

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Ethanol
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Povidone-Iodine (85H0HZU99M) ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1440120-4
    ISSN 1557-8674 ; 1096-2964
    ISSN (online) 1557-8674
    ISSN 1096-2964
    DOI 10.1089/sur.2023.250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Efficacy of intermittent compression devices for thromboembolic prophylaxis in major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Lott, Natalie / Robb, Felicity / Nolan, Erin / Attia, John / Reeves, Penny / Gani, Jon / Smith, Stephen

    ANZ journal of surgery

    2022  Volume 92, Issue 11, Page(s) 2926–2934

    Abstract: Background: The benefits of mechanical prophylaxis for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in abdominal and pelvic surgery are uncertain, with different guidelines stating that graduated compression stockings (GCS) and intermittent pneumatic ... ...

    Abstract Background: The benefits of mechanical prophylaxis for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in abdominal and pelvic surgery are uncertain, with different guidelines stating that graduated compression stockings (GCS) and intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs) can be used either alone or in combination. To review the efficacy of IPCDs in preventing VTE following abdominal and pelvic surgery.
    Methods: A systematic review was conducted, identifying relevant literature reporting clinical trials conducted in abdominopelvic surgery, comparing the effect of IPCDs alone or in combination with no prophylaxis, GCS and chemical prophylaxis. The review identified studies reported from 1966 to 2022 in Medline, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials.
    Results: Thirteen RCTs involving 1914 participants were identified. IPCDs were superior to placebo (OR VTE 0.39; 95% CI 0.20-0.76) but not superior to other forms of prophylaxis (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.30-2.27) or to GCS alone (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.24-3.36). The addition of IPCDs to GCS compared with GCS alone was beneficial (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.91) as was the addition of IPCDs to standard perioperative chemoprophylaxis (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.74). The overall quality and reliability of trials were low, with high risk of bias.
    Conclusions: IPCDs are more effective than placebo in reducing VTE rates but are not more effective than other forms of thrombo-prophylaxis (chemical or mechanical) following abdominal and pelvic surgery. There is poor quality evidence to suggest that they might have a role as additional prophylaxis when combined with GCS and chemical prophylaxis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control ; Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy ; Reproducibility of Results ; Abdomen/surgery ; Pelvis/surgery ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Stockings, Compression ; Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050749-5
    ISSN 1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    ISSN (online) 1445-2197
    ISSN 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    DOI 10.1111/ans.18101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A pilot study: intraoperative 16S rRNA sequencing versus culture in predicting colorectal incisional surgical site infection.

    Vishnoi, Veral / Hoedt, Emily C / Gould, Tiffany / Carroll, Georgia / Carroll, Rosemary / Lott, Natalie / Pockney, Peter / Smith, Stephen R / Keely, Simon

    ANZ journal of surgery

    2023  Volume 93, Issue 10, Page(s) 2464–2472

    Abstract: Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) of the abdominal incision is a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery. Identifying the intraoperative surgical site microbes may provide clarity in the pathogenesis of SSIs. Genomic sequencing has ... ...

    Abstract Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) of the abdominal incision is a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery. Identifying the intraoperative surgical site microbes may provide clarity in the pathogenesis of SSIs. Genomic sequencing has revolutionized the ability to identify microbes from clinical samples. Utilization of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the intraoperative surgical site may provide the critical information required to predict and prevent infection in colorectal surgery.
    Methods: This is a pilot, prospective observational study of 50 patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. At completion of surgery, prior to skin closure, swabs were taken from the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal incision to investigate the microbial profile. Dual swabs were taken to compare standard culture technique and 16S rRNA sequencing to establish if a microbial profile was associated with postoperative SSI.
    Results: 8/50 patients developed an SSI, which was more likely in those undergoing open surgery (5/15 33.3% versus 3/35, 8.6%; P = 0.029). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was more sensitive in microbial detection compared to traditional culture. Both culture and 16S rRNA demonstrated contamination of the surgical site, predominantly with anaerobes. Culture was not statistically predictive of infection. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was not statistically predictive of infection, however, it demonstrated patients with an SSI had an increased biodiversity (not significant) and a greater relative abundance (not significant) of pathogens such as Bacteroidacaea and Enterobacteriaceae within the intraoperative site.
    Conclusions: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing has demonstrated a potential difference in the intraoperative microbial profile of those that develop an infection. These findings require validation through powered experiments to determine the overall clinical significance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Pilot Projects ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050749-5
    ISSN 1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    ISSN (online) 1445-2197
    ISSN 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    DOI 10.1111/ans.18455
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  7. Article ; Online: Should intermittent pneumatic compression devices be standard therapy for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in major surgery? Protocol for a randomised clinical trial (IMPOSTERS).

    Lott, Natalie / Douglas, Jeanene Lizbeth / Magnusson, Monique / Gani, Jonathan / Reeves, Penny / Connah, David / Organ, Nicole / Oldmeadow, Chris / Attia, John / Smith, Stephen Ridley

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e078913

    Abstract: Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognised postsurgical risk. Current prevention methods involve low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), graduated compression stockings (GCS), and intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs). ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognised postsurgical risk. Current prevention methods involve low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), graduated compression stockings (GCS), and intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs). Australian guidelines, commonly adopted by surgeons, recommend LMWH with GCS and/or IPCDs. IPCDs pose clinical risks, increase care burden, are poorly tolerated, and are costly single-use plastic items. Utilising only LMWH and GCS, without IPCDs, could be more practical, patient-friendly, and cost-effective, with added environmental benefits.
    Methods: This is a multicentre, prospective, two-arm randomised controlled non-inferiority trial at five New South Wales (NSW) hospitals, in Australia. We propose to randomise 4130 participants in a 1:1 ratio between arm A: LMWH+GCS+IPCDs (n=2065) or arm B: LMWH+GCS (n=2065). The primary outcome of interest is symptomatic VTE (deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism) identified at the day 30 phone follow-up (FU), confirmed by ultrasound or imaging. Radiologists interpreting the lower-extremity ultrasonography will be blinded to intervention allocation. Secondary outcomes are quality of life at baseline, days 30 and 90 FU using the 5-level European Quality of Life Score, compliance and adverse events with IPCDs, GCS, and LMWH, as well as healthcare costs (from the perspective of the patient and the hospital), and all-cause mortality. The trial has 90% power to detect a 2% non-inferiority margin to detect a reduction rate of VTE from 4% to 2%.
    Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (2022/ETH02276) protocol V.10, 13 July 2023. Study findings will be presented at local and national conferences and in scientific research journals.
    Trial registration number: ANZCTR12622001527752.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use ; Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices/adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Prospective Studies ; Australia ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
    Chemical Substances Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078913
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  8. Article ; Online: Adeno-associated virus genome quantification with amplification-free CRISPR-Cas12a.

    Hetzler, Zach / Marinakos, Stella M / Lott, Noah / Mohammad, Noor / Lass-Napiorkowska, Agnieszka / Kolbe, Jenna / Turrentine, Lauren / Fields, Delaney / Overton, Laurie / Marie, Helena / Hucknall, Angus / Rammo, Oliver / George, Henry / Wei, Qingshan

    Gene therapy

    2024  

    Abstract: Efficient manufacturing of recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral (rAAV) vectors to meet rising clinical demand remains a major hurdle. One of the most significant challenges is the generation of large amounts of empty capsids without the therapeutic genome. ...

    Abstract Efficient manufacturing of recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral (rAAV) vectors to meet rising clinical demand remains a major hurdle. One of the most significant challenges is the generation of large amounts of empty capsids without the therapeutic genome. There is no standardized analytical method to accurately quantify the viral genes, and subsequently the empty-to-full ratio, making the manufacturing challenges even more complex. We propose the use of CRISPR diagnostics (CRISPR-Dx) as a robust and rapid approach to determine AAV genome titers. We designed and developed the CRISPR-AAV Evaluation (CRAAVE) assay to maximize sensitivity, minimize time-to-result, and provide a potentially universal design for quantifying multiple transgene constructs encapsidated within different AAV serotypes. We also demonstrate an on-chip CRAAVE assay with lyophilized reagents to minimize end user assay input. The CRAAVE assay was able to detect AAV titers as low as 7e7 vg/mL with high precision (<3% error) in quantifying unknown AAV titers when compared with conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. The assay only requires 30 min of assay time, shortening the analytical workflow drastically. Our results suggest CRISPR-Dx could be a promising tool for efficient rAAV genome titer quantification and has the potential to revolutionize biomanufacturing process analytical technology (PAT).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1191036-7
    ISSN 1476-5462 ; 0969-7128
    ISSN (online) 1476-5462
    ISSN 0969-7128
    DOI 10.1038/s41434-024-00449-x
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  9. Article ; Online: Antiseptic Skin Preparation Agents to Prevent Surgical Site Infection in Colorectal Surgery: A 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Reid, Fiona S / Stephensen, Bree / Carroll, Rosemary / Lott, Natalie / Attia, John R / Smith, Stephen R

    Diseases of the colon and rectum

    2021  Volume 65, Issue 11, Page(s) 1391–1396

    Abstract: Background: There is much debate surrounding the ideal antiseptic skin preparation agent to reduce postoperative surgical site infection. International guidelines suggest that chlorhexidine- and alcohol-containing compounds have superior efficacy. ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is much debate surrounding the ideal antiseptic skin preparation agent to reduce postoperative surgical site infection. International guidelines suggest that chlorhexidine- and alcohol-containing compounds have superior efficacy. However, there are minimal clinical trials specifically looking at skin preparation agents for colorectal surgery.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine in alcohol versus povidone-iodine in alcohol versus povidone-iodine in aqueous solution for the prevention of surgical site infection in colorectal surgery.
    Design: This is a prospective, 3-armed, randomized controlled trial.
    Setting: This study was conducted at the 800-bed John Hunter Hospital and Newcastle Private Hospital, with all subspecialty services in New South Wales, Australia.
    Patients: All eligible, consenting adults undergoing colorectal surgery between July 2015 and December 2018 were included.
    Interventions: Patients were andomized to receive preincision skin preparation with one of the following: chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol, povidone-iodine in 70% alcohol, or povidone-iodine in aqueous solution.
    Main outcome measure: The primary measure was surgical site infection within 30 days.
    Results: A total of 482 patients were randomized to chlorhexidine in alcohol, povidone-iodine in alcohol, or aqueous povidone-iodine. The overall surgical site infection rate was 22% (107/482). There was no difference in rates of surgical site infection: 20.6% (29/141), 22.8% (44/193), and 23.0% (34/148), respectively ( p = 0.5267). There was no difference in complication rates: 54.6% (77/141), 46.1% (89/193), and 49.3% (73/148), respectively ( p = 0.1762). The median length of stay was 6 days in all 3 groups.
    Limitations: This is a subset analysis of a larger clinical trial for all forms of incisional surgery (the NewSKIN Prep trial), and noninferiority cannot be assessed. Changes in government regulations resulted in a change from 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol to 2% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol during the trial.
    Conclusion: This large, prospective, randomized clinical trial appears to indicate that there is no difference in surgical site infection, complications, or length of stay among the 3 commonest forms of skin preparation in colorectal surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B875 .New Zealand Clinical Trials registry: ACTRN12615000021572Agentes antisépticos para la preparación de la piel para prevenir la infección del sitio quirúrgico en la cirugía colorrectal: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de tres grupos.
    Antecedentes: Existe un gran debate en torno al agente de preparación de la piel antiséptico ideal para reducir la infección posoperatoria del sitio quirúrgico. Las pautas internacionales sugieren que los compuestos que contienen clorhexidina y alcohol tienen una eficacia. Sin embargo, existen ensayos clínicos mínimos que analizan específicamente los agentes de preparación de la piel para la cirugía colorrectal.
    Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de la clorhexidina en alcohol versus povidona yodada en alcohol versus povidona yodada en solución acuosa para la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía colorrectal.
    Diseo: Este es un ensayo controlado aleatorio prospectivo de tres brazos.
    Ajuste: Este estudio se realizó en el Hospital John Hunter de 800 camas y el Hospital Privado de Newcastle con todos los servicios de subespecialidad en Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia.
    Pacientes: Se incluyeron todos los adultos elegibles que dieron su consentimiento para someterse a una cirugía colorrectal entre julio de 2015 y diciembre de 2018.
    Intervenciones: Aleatorizados para recibir una preparación para la piel previa a la incisión con uno de: clorhexidina en alcohol al 70%, povidona yodada en alcohol al 70% o povidona yodada en solución acuosa.
    Medida de resultado principal: La medida principal fue la infección del sitio quirúrgico dentro de los 30 días.
    Resultados: Un total de 482 pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir clorhexidina en alcohol, povidona yodada en alcohol o povidona yodada acuosa. La tasa global de infección del sitio quirúrgico fue del 22% (107/482). No hubo diferencias en las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico; 20,6% (29/141), 22,8% (44/193) y 23,0% (34/148) respectivamente; p = 0,5267. No hubo diferencia en las tasas de complicaciones; 54,6% (77/141), 46,1% (89/193) y 49,3% (73/148) respectivamente; p = 0,1762. La duración media de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 6,0 días en los tres grupos.
    Limitaciones: Este es un análisis de subconjunto de un ensayo clínico más grande para todas las formas de cirugía incisional (el ensayo NewSKIN Prep) y no se puede evaluar la no inferioridad. Los cambios en las regulaciones gubernamentales dieron como resultado un cambio de clorhexidina al 0,5% en etanol al 70% a clorhexidina al 2% en etanol al 70% durante la prueba.
    Conclusines: Este gran ensayo clínico prospectivo y aleatorizado parece indicar que no hay diferencia en la infección del sitio quirúrgico, las complicaciones o la duración de la estancia entre las 3 formas más comunes de preparación de la piel en la cirugía colorrectal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B875 . (Traducción-Dr. Gonzalo Hagerman )Este ensayo se registró de forma prospectiva en el registro de ensayos clínicos de Australia Nueva Zelanda el 15/01/2015: ACTRN12615000021572.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Colorectal Surgery ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Povidone-Iodine (85H0HZU99M) ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 212581-x
    ISSN 1530-0358 ; 0012-3706
    ISSN (online) 1530-0358
    ISSN 0012-3706
    DOI 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002171
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?

    Lott, Nicola / Gebhard, Caroline E / Bengs, Susan / Haider, Ahmed / Kuster, Gabriela M / Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera / Gebhard, Catherine

    Nature reviews. Endocrinology

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 217–231

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of androgens, oestrogens and progesterone in the regulation of virus entry receptors and disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as their therapeutic value. Although many experimental and clinical studies have analysed potential mechanisms by which female sex hormones might provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, there is currently no clear evidence for a sex-specific expression of virus entry receptors. In addition, reports describing an influence of oestrogen, progesterone and androgens on the course of COVID-19 vary widely. Current data also do not support the administration of oestradiol in COVID-19. The conflicting evidence and lack of consensus results from a paucity of mechanistic studies and clinical trials reporting sex-disaggregated data. Further, the influence of variables beyond biological factors (sex), such as sociocultural factors (gender), on COVID-19 manifestations has not been investigated. Future research will have to fill this knowledge gap as the influence of sex and gender on COVID-19 will be essential to understanding and managing the long-term consequences of this pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Progesterone ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Androgens ; Receptors, Virus
    Chemical Substances Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Androgens ; Receptors, Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2489381-X
    ISSN 1759-5037 ; 1759-5029
    ISSN (online) 1759-5037
    ISSN 1759-5029
    DOI 10.1038/s41574-022-00780-6
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