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Article: Molecular interactions between pre-formed metal nanoparticles and graphene families.

Low, Serena / Shon, Young-Seok

Advances in nano research

2019 Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 357–375

Abstract: Two dimensional (2D) atomic layered nanomaterials exhibit some of the most striking phenomena in modern materials research and hold promise for a wide range of applications including energy and biomedical technologies. Graphene has received much ... ...

Abstract	Two dimensional (2D) atomic layered nanomaterials exhibit some of the most striking phenomena in modern materials research and hold promise for a wide range of applications including energy and biomedical technologies. Graphene has received much attention for having extremely high surface area to mass ratio and excellent electric conductivity. Graphene has also been shown to maximize the activity of surface-assembled metal nanoparticle catalysts due to its unique characteristics of enhancing mass transport of reactants to catalysts. This paper specifically investigates the strategy of pre-formed nanoparticle self-assembly used for the formation of various metal nanoparticles supported on graphene families such as graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide and aims at understanding the interactions between ligand-capped metal nanoparticles and 2D nanomaterials. By varying the functional groups on the ligands between alkyl, aromatic, amine, and alcohol groups, different interactions such as van der Waals, π-π stacking, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding are formed as the 2D hybrids produced.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-25
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2287-237X
ISSN	2287-237X
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Article ; Online: Association between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and kidney impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A role of extracellular water/total body water ratio.

Moh, Mei Chung / Low, Serena / Shao, Yi-Ming / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Sum, Chee Fang / Lim, Su Chi

Diabetes research and clinical practice

2023 Volume 199, Page(s) 110634

Abstract: Aims: We explored the predictive utility of baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects a systemic inflammatory tone, in kidney impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and investigated the effect of extracellular water/total body ... ...

Abstract	Aims: We explored the predictive utility of baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects a systemic inflammatory tone, in kidney impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and investigated the effect of extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio on the relationship. Methods: This longitudinal study included 1,224 T2DM adults recruited from a single centre. Cox regression analyses examined the association between NLR and progressive kidney function decline or albuminuria progression. Improvements in risk discrimination were assessed using Harrell's concordance-statistics. The mediatory role of ECW/TBW ratio estimated by bioelectrical impedance was evaluated. Results: Higher baseline NLR levels were observed in cases with kidney function decline or albuminuria progression over a median 2-year follow-up. NLR independently predicted progressive kidney function decline (hazard ratio:1.39, 95% CI:1.21-1.60, P < 0.001) or albuminuria progression (hazard ratio:1.34, 95% CI:1.08-1.68, P = 0.009). Addition of NLR to a base model comprising demographics, T2DM duration, metabolic and renal parameters, and medications significantly improved the risk discrimination of kidney function decline (P = 0.022) but not albuminuria progression. ECW/TBW ratio accounted for 19.7% of the total effect between NLR and kidney function loss. Conclusions: Increased NLR reflecting systemic inflammation is associated with progressive kidney function decline in T2DM, partially explained by dysregulated body fluid balance.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Body Water/metabolism ; Water/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Neutrophils ; Longitudinal Studies ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes ; Renal Insufficiency
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632523-3
ISSN	1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
ISSN (online)	1872-8227
ISSN	0168-8227
DOI	10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110634
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Article ; Online: The Role of Triglyceride-Glucose Index in the Prediction of the Development of Hypertension - Findings from a Community Cohort in Singapore.

Khoo, Jonathon Kc / Low, Serena / Irwan, Bastari / Tang, Justin Is / Sum, Chee Fang / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Lim, Su Chi

Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–67

Abstract: Objectives: Triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) is an emerging surrogate marker of insulin resistance. We aim to explore the role of triglyceride-glucose index in the prediction of the development of hypertension.: Methodology: We conducted a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) is an emerging surrogate marker of insulin resistance. We aim to explore the role of triglyceride-glucose index in the prediction of the development of hypertension. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 3,183 study participants identified from a community health screening programme who had no baseline hypertension and were then followed up after an average of 1.7 years. Cox proportional-hazard model was used to assess the association between risk of incident hypertension and TyGI in quartiles, while adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics. Results: Hypertension occurred in 363 study participants (11.4%). Those who developed hypertension had higher TyGI [8.6 (IQR 8.2-9.0)] than those who did not [8.2 (IQR 8.0-8.7)] ( Conclusion: Triglyceride-glucose index was an independent predictor of the development of hypertension. It may potentially be used as an inexpensive indicator to predict the development of hypertension and risk-stratify individuals to aid management in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Triglycerides ; Risk Factors ; Glucose ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology ; Hypertension/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Triglycerides ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	Philippines
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2893162-2
ISSN	2308-118X ; 0857-1074
ISSN (online)	2308-118X
ISSN	0857-1074
DOI	10.15605/jafes.038.01.09
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Article: Association between self-care and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Lim, Gwyneth Joy / Low, Serena / Liu, Allen Yan Lun / Shao, Yi Ming / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Sum, Chee Fang / Lim, Su Chi

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore

2023 Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 52–54

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Self Care ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604527-3
ISSN	0304-4602
ISSN	0304-4602
DOI	10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022299
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Thesis ; Online: Molecular Interactions Between Pre-Formed Ligand-Capped Gold Nanoparticles and Two Dimensional Atomic Layered Materials

Low, Serena Sin Man

2017

Abstract	Two dimensional (2D) atomic layered nanomaterials exhibit some of the most striking phenomena in modern materials research and hold promise for a wide range of applications including energy and biomedical technologies. Graphene has received much attention for having extremely high surface area to mass ratio and excellent electric conductivity. Graphene has also been shown to maximize the activity of surface-assembled metal nanoparticle catalysts due to its unique characteristics of enhancing mass transport of reactants to catalysts. As an alternative, bismuth selenide has been recognized for its advanced electronic and optical properties. Our research specifically targets the preparation of gold nanoparticles supported on 2D nanomaterials, graphene oxide and bismuth selenide nanosheets, using the strategy of pre-formed nanoparticle self-assembly and aims at understanding the interactions between ligand-capped gold nanoparticles and different nanosheets. By varying the functional groups on the ligands between alkyl, aromatic, amine, and alcohol groups, different interactions such as van der Waals, ?-? stacking, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding are investigated.
Keywords	Chemistry
Subject code	540
Language	ENG
Publishing date	2017-01-01 00:00:01.0
Publisher	California State University, Long Beach
Publishing country	us
Document type	Thesis ; Online
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Article ; Online: Association between Plasma LRG1 and Lower Cognitive Function in Asians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Low, Serena / Moh, Angela / Pandian, Bhuvaneswari / Tan, Xin Li / Pek, Sharon / Zheng, Huili / Ang, Keven / Tang, Wern Ee / Lim, Ziliang / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Sum, Chee Fang / Lim, Su Chi

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2024

Abstract: Context: Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, but its association with cognitive function remains unclear.: Objective: Our primary objective is to investigate the longitudinal ... ...

Abstract	Context: Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, but its association with cognitive function remains unclear. Objective: Our primary objective is to investigate the longitudinal association between LRG1 and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Secondarily, we determine the causal relationship using Mendelian Randomization (MR), and the role of arterial stiffness as a potential mediator. Methods: T2DM patients (n = 1039; age = 64.1 ± 6.4 years) were followed-up for 5.3 ± 1.2 years. Plasma LRG1 was measured at baseline using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline and follow-up cognitive function was assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). One-sample MR was performed with rs4806985 as plasma LRG1-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Mediation analysis was performed to examine if pulse wave velocity (PWV), an arterial stiffness index, mediated the association between plasma LRG1 and follow-up cognitive function. Results: Elevated baseline natural log (Ln)-transformed LRG1 was inversely associated with baseline and follow-up RBANS total score with adjusted coefficients -1.38 (95%CI -2.55 to -0.21; p = 0.021) and -1.38 (95%CI -2.70 to -0.07; p = 0.039), respectively. Genetically-predicted higher levels of plasma LRG1 was associated with lower follow-up RBANS total score with coefficient -7.44 (95%CI -14.14 to -0.74; p = 0.030) per unit increase in LnLRG1. Higher PWV accounted for 27.7% of the association between LnLRG1 and follow-up RBANS total score. Conclusions: Baseline plasma LRG1 was associated with lower cognitive function at follow-up in patients with T2DM, mediated by PWV. MR analysis provided evidence of an association between genetically influenced plasma LRG1 and lower cognitive function at follow-up.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad768
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Article ; Online: Reduced skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio is independently associated with reduced cognitive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Low, Serena / Ng, Tze Pin / Goh, Kiat Sern / Moh, Angela / Khoo, Jonathon / Ang, Keven / Yap, Philip / Cheong, Chin Yee / Tang, Wern Ee / Lim, Ziliang / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Sum, Chee Fang / Lim, Su Chi

Journal of diabetes and its complications

2024 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 108672

Abstract: Aim: Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has been recognised as an index of sarcopenic obesity. SVR is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness which are known risk factors for ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has been recognised as an index of sarcopenic obesity. SVR is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness which are known risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to investigate association between SVR and cognitive function in patients with T2DM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1326 patients with T2DM and mean age 61.3 ± 8.0 years. SVR was assessed based on bioelectrical impedance measurements of muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA). Cognitive function was assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Linear regression was used to examine the association between SVR in quartiles and RBANS score, adjusting for demographics, education, presence of depressive symptoms, clinical covariates and medications. Results: The lower SVR quartiles were negatively associated with RBANS total score in the unadjusted analysis. The corresponding coefficients for Quartiles 1 and 2 SVR were -3.79 (95 % CI -5.39 to -2.19; p < 0.001) and -1.47 (95 % CI -2.86 to -0.07; p = 0.039) in fully adjusted analysis. The negative association between Quartile 1 SVR and RBANS score was evident in immediate memory, delayed memory, visuo-spatial construction, language and attention domains. Muscle mass and VFA alone had weaker associations with RBANS scores. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated, for the first time, an independent association between reduced SVR and lower cognitive function. This is evident in global and multiple cognitive domains. The synergistic effects of reduced muscle mass and visceral obesity may be more pronounced than their independent effects on cognitive function.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Muscle, Skeletal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1105840-7
ISSN	1873-460X ; 1056-8727
ISSN (online)	1873-460X
ISSN	1056-8727
DOI	10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108672
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Article ; Online: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus best medical treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with body mass index between 27 and 32 kg/m

Cheng, Anton / Yeoh, Ester / Moh, Angela / Low, Serena / Tan, Chun Hai / Lam, Benjamin / Sum, Chee Fang / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Lim, Su Chi

Diabetes research and clinical practice

2022 Volume 188, Page(s) 109900

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus best medical treatment in Asians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and class I obesity.: Methods: In this 5-year single-centre, open-label randomized controlled trial, ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus best medical treatment in Asians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and class I obesity. Methods: In this 5-year single-centre, open-label randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized to RYGB or medical treatment including newer classes of diabetes medications (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02041234). The primary endpoint was diabetes remission defined as HbA1c ≤ 6% (≤42 mmol/mol) and discontinuation of glucose-lowering medication at 12 months post-intervention and beyond. Glycaemia and weight changes were assessed. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed. Results: Of 28 subjects randomized, 26 were analyzed in the final cohort (14 medical, 12 RYGB; age:44 ± 10 years, 34.6% males, BMI:29.4 ± 1.6 kg/m Conclusions: Over 5 years, RYGB outperforms best medical treatment in glycemia and weight improvements for Asians with T2DM and class I obesity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery ; Female ; Gastric Bypass ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity, Morbid/complications ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-02
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632523-3
ISSN	1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
ISSN (online)	1872-8227
ISSN	0168-8227
DOI	10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109900
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Article ; Online: A head-to-head comparison between Guardian Connect and FreeStyle Libre systems and an evaluation of user acceptability of sensors in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Yeoh, Ester / Png, Doanna / Khoo, Jonathon / Chee, Ying Jie / Sharda, Puja / Low, Serena / Lim, Su Chi / Subramaniam, Tavintharan

Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

2022 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) e3560

Abstract: Aims: A user-calibrated real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) system is compared to a factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system and assessed in terms of accuracy and acceptability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).: ... ...

Abstract	Aims: A user-calibrated real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) system is compared to a factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system and assessed in terms of accuracy and acceptability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Ten participants with T1D were enroled from a specialist diabetes centre in Singapore and provided with the Guardian Connect with Enlite Sensor (Medtronic, Northridge, CA, USA) and first-generation Freestyle Libre System (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), worn simultaneously. Participants had to check capillary blood glucose four times per day. At the end of week 1 and week 2, participants returned for data download and were given a user evaluation survey. Results: Accuracy evaluation between Guardian Connect and Freestyle Libre includes the overall mean absolute relative difference value (9.7 ± 11.0% vs. 17.5 ± 10.9%), Clarke Error Grid zones A + B (98.6% vs. 98.1%), sensitivity (78.9% vs. 63.4%), and specificity (93.4% vs. 81.0%). Notably, time below range (<3.9 mmol/L) was 10.5% for FGM versus 2% for rt-CGM. From the evaluation survey, 90% of participants perceived rt-CGM to be accurate versus 40% for FGM, although the majority found both devices to be easy to use, educational, and useful in improving glycaemic control. However, due to the cost of sensors, only 30% were keen to use either device for continuous monitoring. Conclusions: Although rt-CGM was superior to FGM in terms of accuracy, the value of glucose trends in both devices is still useful in diabetes self-management. Patients and clinicians may consider either technology depending on their requirements.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1470192-3
ISSN	1520-7560 ; 1520-7552
ISSN (online)	1520-7560
ISSN	1520-7552
DOI	10.1002/dmrr.3560
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal profiling and tracking stability in the Singapore study of macro-angiopathy and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetes cohort.

Low, Serena / Zheng, Huili / Liu, Jian-Jun / Moh, Angela / Ang, Keven / Tang, Wern Ee / Lim, Ziliang / Subramaniam, Tavintharan / Sum, Chee Fang / Lim, Su Chi

Diabetes & vascular disease research

2023 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 14791641231218453

Abstract: Introduction: The Singapore Study of Macro-Angiopathy and microvascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) is a prospective cohort study which was started in 2011 to investigate the effect of risk factors on vascular function and diabetes-related ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The Singapore Study of Macro-Angiopathy and microvascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) is a prospective cohort study which was started in 2011 to investigate the effect of risk factors on vascular function and diabetes-related complications in Asians. We aimed to compare the longitudinal change in risk factors by accounting for batch effect and assess the tracking stability of risk factors over time in patients recruited for SMART2D. In this study, we (1) described batch effect and its extent across a heterogenous range of longitudinal data parameters; (2) mitigated batch effect through statistical approach; and (3) assessed the tracking stability of the risk factors over time. Methods: A total of 2258 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited at baseline. The study adopted a three-wave longitudinal design with intervals of 3 years between consecutive waves. The changes in a few selected risk factors were assessed after calibration, assuming patients with similar demographic and anthropometry profile had similar physiology. The tracking pattern of the risk factors was determined with stability coefficients derived from generalised estimating equations. Results: The medians of the longitudinal differences in risk factors between the waves were mostly modest at <10%. Larger increases in augmentation index (AI), aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) and aortic mean BP were consistently observed after calibration. The medians of the longitudinal differences in AI, aortic systolic BP and aortic mean BP between the waves were <2% before calibration, but increased slightly to <5% after calibration. Most of the risk factors had moderate to high tracking stability. Muscle mass and serum creatinine were among those with relatively high tracking stability. Conclusions: The longitudinal differences in parameters between the waves were overall modest after calibration, suggesting that calibration may attenuate longitudinal differences inflated by non-biological factors such as systematic drift due to batch effect. Changes of the hemodynamic parameters are robust over time and not entirely attributable to age. Our study also demonstrated moderate to high tracking stability for most of the parameters.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Hypertension/complications ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Longitudinal Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2250793-0
ISSN	1752-8984 ; 1479-1641
ISSN (online)	1752-8984
ISSN	1479-1641
DOI	10.1177/14791641231218453
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