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  1. Article ; Online: Chemistry, Biological Activities and In Silico Bioprospection of Sterols and Triterpenes from Mexican Columnar Cactaceae.

    Salazar, Juan Rodrigo / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Soto-Cabrera, Diego

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 7

    Abstract: The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This ... ...

    Abstract The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Cactaceae/chemistry ; Cactaceae/classification ; Computational Chemistry/methods ; Computer Simulation ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Sterols/chemistry ; Sterols/pharmacology ; Triterpenes/chemistry ; Triterpenes/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Sterols ; Triterpenes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules25071649
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    Zs.MO 81: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19.

    Maldonado, Valente / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Chávez-Alderete, Jaime

    Medical hypotheses

    2020  Volume 144, Page(s) 109988

    Abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin- ... ...

    Abstract Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. Moreover, PTX can restore the balance of the immune response, reduce damage to the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, improve circulation, and prevent microvascular thrombosis. There is further evidence that PTX can improve ventilatory parameters. Therefore, we propose repositioning PTX in the treatment of COVID-19. The main advantage of repositioning PTX is that it is an affordable drug that is already available worldwide with an established safety profile, further offering the possibility of immediately analysing the result of its use and associated success rates. Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-α mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach.
    MeSH term(s) Alveolar Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Angiotensin II/physiology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Complement Activation/drug effects ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytokines/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Repositioning ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; Pandemics ; Pentoxifylline/pharmacology ; Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Immunologic Factors ; Receptors, Virus ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Pentoxifylline (SD6QCT3TSU)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988
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    Zs.A 1132: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Recent advances in PTP1B signaling in metabolism and cancer.

    Villamar-Cruz, Olga / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Arias-Romero, Luis E / Camacho-Arroyo, Ignacio

    Bioscience reports

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 11

    Abstract: Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells and represents a critical regulatory mechanism of a wide variety of signaling pathways. Aberrant protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to ...

    Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells and represents a critical regulatory mechanism of a wide variety of signaling pathways. Aberrant protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer. Few years ago, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) were considered as tumor suppressors, able to block the signals emanating from receptor tyrosine kinases. However, recent evidence demonstrates that misregulation of PTPs activity plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. Here, we will focus on PTP1B, an enzyme that has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity through the regulation of insulin and leptin signaling, and with a promoting role in the development of different types of cancer through the activation of several pro-survival signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects that support the crucial role of PTP1B in different cellular processes underlying diabetes, obesity and cancer progression, and its visualization as a promising therapeutic target.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/drug therapy ; Metabolic Diseases/etiology ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/chemistry ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 (EC 3.1.3.48)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 764946-0
    ISSN 1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
    ISSN (online) 1573-4935
    ISSN 0144-8463
    DOI 10.1042/BSR20211994
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    Zs.A 1676: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  4. Article: Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19.

    Rodríguez-Vera, Diana / Salazar, Juan Rodrigo / Soriano-Ursúa, Marvin A / Guzmán-Pérez, Jessica / Vergara-Castañeda, Arely / Muñoz-Durán, Horacio / Ramírez-Velez, Gabriela L / Vivar-Sierra, Alonso / Naranjo-Navarro, Carlos Rogelio / Meza-Meneses, Patricia A / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Pinto-Almazán, Rodolfo

    Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background and objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
    Materials and methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization.
    Results: The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound's anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors.
    Conclusions: The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720869-2
    ISSN 2079-9721
    ISSN 2079-9721
    DOI 10.3390/diseases12010028
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  5. Article: A Definition of "Multitargeticity": Identifying Potential Multitarget and Selective Ligands Through a Vector Analysis.

    Sánchez-Tejeda, Juan Francisco / Sánchez-Ruiz, Juan F / Salazar, Juan Rodrigo / Loza-Mejía, Marco A

    Frontiers in chemistry

    2020  Volume 8, Page(s) 176

    Abstract: The design of multitarget drugs is an essential area of research in Medicinal Chemistry since they have been proposed as potential therapeutics for the management of complex diseases. However, defining a multitarget drug is not an easy task. In this work, ...

    Abstract The design of multitarget drugs is an essential area of research in Medicinal Chemistry since they have been proposed as potential therapeutics for the management of complex diseases. However, defining a multitarget drug is not an easy task. In this work, we propose a vector analysis for measuring and defining "multitargeticity." We developed terms, such as order and force of a ligand, to finally reach two parameters: multitarget indexes 1 and 2. The combination of these two indexes allows discrimination of multitarget drugs. Several training sets were constructed to test the usefulness of the indexes: an experimental training set, with real affinities, a docking training set, within theoretical values, and an extensive database training set. The indexes proved to be useful, as they were used independently
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711776-5
    ISSN 2296-2646
    ISSN 2296-2646
    DOI 10.3389/fchem.2020.00176
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  6. Article ; Online: In Silico Studies on Compounds Derived from

    Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Salazar, Juan Rodrigo / Sánchez-Tejeda, Juan Francisco

    Biomolecules

    2018  Volume 8, Issue 4

    Abstract: An increasing occurrence of resistance in insect pests and high mammal toxicity exhibited by common pesticides increase the need for new alternative molecules. Among these alternatives, bioinsecticides are considered to be environmentally friendly and ... ...

    Abstract An increasing occurrence of resistance in insect pests and high mammal toxicity exhibited by common pesticides increase the need for new alternative molecules. Among these alternatives, bioinsecticides are considered to be environmentally friendly and safer than synthetic insecticides. Particularly, plant extracts have shown great potential in laboratory conditions. However, the lack of studies that confirm their mechanisms of action diminishes their potential applications on a large scale. Previously, we have reported the insect growth regulator and insecticidal activities of secondary metabolites isolated from plants of the
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcholinesterase/chemistry ; Animals ; Calceolariaceae/chemistry ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/toxicity ; Glucosides/chemistry ; Glycosides/chemistry ; Glycosides/toxicity ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Pesticides/chemistry ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Phenols/chemistry ; Receptors, Steroid/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Glucosides ; Glycosides ; Pesticides ; Phenols ; Receptors, Steroid ; ecdysone receptor ; acteoside (3TGX09BD5B) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2701262-1
    ISSN 2218-273X ; 2218-273X
    ISSN (online) 2218-273X
    ISSN 2218-273X
    DOI 10.3390/biom8040121
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  7. Article: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19

    Maldonado, Valente / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Chávez-Alderete, Jaime

    Med Hypotheses

    Abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin- ... ...

    Abstract Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. Moreover, PTX can restore the balance of the immune response, reduce damage to the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, improve circulation, and prevent microvascular thrombosis. There is further evidence that PTX can improve ventilatory parameters. Therefore, we propose repositioning PTX in the treatment of COVID-19. The main advantage of repositioning PTX is that it is an affordable drug that is already available worldwide with an established safety profile, further offering the possibility of immediately analysing the result of its use and associated success rates. Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-α mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #591493
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19

    Maldonado, Valente / Loza-Mejía, Marco A. / Chávez-Alderete, Jaime

    Medical Hypotheses

    2020  Volume 144, Page(s) 109988

    Keywords General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Zs.A 1132: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: α-Glucosidase inhibitors from a mangrove associated fungus,

    Lopéz, Dioxelis / Cherigo, Lilia / Mejia, Luis C / Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Martínez-Luis, Sergio

    BMC chemistry

    2019  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 22

    Abstract: Background: Mangroves plants and their endophytes represent a natural source of novel and bioactive compounds. In our ongoing research on mangrove endophytes from the Panamanian Pacific Coast, we have identified several bioactive endophytic fungi. From ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mangroves plants and their endophytes represent a natural source of novel and bioactive compounds. In our ongoing research on mangrove endophytes from the Panamanian Pacific Coast, we have identified several bioactive endophytic fungi. From these organisms, an isolate belonging to the genus
    Results: Zasmidium
    Conclusions: Zasmidium
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2661-801X
    ISSN (online) 2661-801X
    DOI 10.1186/s13065-019-0540-8
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  10. Article ; Online: Sterols and triterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatories: Molecular docking studies for binding to some enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways.

    Loza-Mejía, Marco A / Salazar, Juan Rodrigo

    Journal of molecular graphics & modelling

    2015  Volume 62, Page(s) 18–25

    Abstract: Triterpenes and sterols are good candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and use in chemoprevention or chemotherapy of cancer via the interaction with therapeutic targets related to inflammation, such as COX-1 and -2; LOX-5; MPO, PLA2 ... ...

    Abstract Triterpenes and sterols are good candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and use in chemoprevention or chemotherapy of cancer via the interaction with therapeutic targets related to inflammation, such as COX-1 and -2; LOX-5; MPO, PLA2 and i-NOS. In this study, we use molecular docking to evaluate the potential binding of a database of selected sterol and triterpenoid compounds with several skeletons against enzymes related to inflammation to propose structural requirements beneficial for anti-inflammatory activity that can be used for the design of more potent and selective anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs. Our results suggest that the substitution pattern is important and that there is an important relationship between the class of sterol or triterpenoid skeleton and enzyme binding.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Catalytic Domain ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/chemistry ; Cyclooxygenase 1/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/chemistry ; Peroxidase/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Sterols/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Triterpenes/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Sterols ; Triterpenes ; Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Cyclooxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 (EC 3.1.4.17)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1396450-1
    ISSN 1873-4243 ; 1093-3263
    ISSN (online) 1873-4243
    ISSN 1093-3263
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.08.010
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    Zs.A 3491: Show issues Location:
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