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  1. Article ; Online: Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection induces MMP-9 and causes tight junction protein disruption associated with Purkinje cell degeneration.

    Lai, Shih-Chan / Lu, Cheng-You / Shyu, Ling-Yuh / Chen, Ke-Min

    Parasitology research

    2020  Volume 119, Issue 10, Page(s) 3433–3441

    Abstract: Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes a human central nervous system (CNS) infection characterized by eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Individuals infected with A. cantonensis exhibit unbalanced walking. The mechanism of extensive ... ...

    Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes a human central nervous system (CNS) infection characterized by eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Individuals infected with A. cantonensis exhibit unbalanced walking. The mechanism of extensive neurological impairments of hosts caused by A. cantonensis larvae remains unclear. Tight junction proteins (e.g., claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1) are the most important regulators of paracellular permeability and cellular adhesion. In a previous study, we found that increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity may be associated with blood-CNS barrier disruption and/or the degeneration of Purkinje cells in eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis. In the present study, the co-localization of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins on the degeneration of Purkinje cells was measured via confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. The statistical evidence indicated that MMP-9 correlated between tight junction protein disruption and Purkinje cell degeneration at 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. In conclusion, Purkinje cell degeneration is highly correlated with tight junction protein disruption via the MMP-9 activation pathway.
    MeSH term(s) Angiostrongylus cantonensis/physiology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Larva/physiology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Mice ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/parasitology ; Purkinje Cells/pathology ; Strongylida Infections/metabolism ; Strongylida Infections/parasitology ; Strongylida Infections/pathology ; Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Tight Junction Proteins ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 284966-5
    ISSN 1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
    ISSN (online) 1432-1955
    ISSN 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
    DOI 10.1007/s00436-020-06840-y
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  2. Article ; Online: Regulation of Proinflammatory Enzymes by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Astroglia Infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

    Shyu, Ling-Yuh / Chen, Ke-Min / Lu, Cheng-You / Lai, Shih-Chan

    The Journal of parasitology

    2020  Volume 106, Issue 5, Page(s) 564–571

    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates neuroinflammation, and its agonists act as neuroprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PPARγ and proinflammatory enzyme expression in astroglia infected ...

    Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates neuroinflammation, and its agonists act as neuroprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PPARγ and proinflammatory enzyme expression in astroglia infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite in vitro. Our results showed that matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PGE)-2, inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased in T. gondii-infected astroglia. Furthermore, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, PGE-2, iNOS, and NO were significantly decreased by rosiglitazone-a PPARγ agonist. By contrast, the treatment with GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, efficiently increased the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, PGE-2, iNOS, and NO. These results suggested that the treatment with rosiglitazone offers a potential strategy for controlling the inflammatory factors in T. gondii infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/enzymology ; Astrocytes/parasitology ; Brain/cytology ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/parasitology ; Foreskin/cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rosiglitazone/pharmacology ; Toxoplasma/physiology
    Chemical Substances PPAR gamma ; Rosiglitazone (05V02F2KDG) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (EC 3.4.24.24) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 300870-8
    ISSN 1937-2345 ; 0022-3395
    ISSN (online) 1937-2345
    ISSN 0022-3395
    DOI 10.1645/18-184
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Calycosin attenuates

    Lu, Cheng-You / Chen, Ke-Min / Kuo, Wei-Wen / Lai, Shih-Chan / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Lai, Po-Tang / Huang, Chih-Yang / Wang, Tso-Fu

    Parasitology

    2022  , Page(s) 1–10

    Abstract: Angiostrongylus ... ...

    Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207627-5
    ISSN 1469-8161 ; 0031-1820
    ISSN (online) 1469-8161
    ISSN 0031-1820
    DOI 10.1017/S0031182022001408
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection induces MMP-9 and causes tight junction protein disruption associated with Purkinje cell degeneration

    Lai, Shih-Chan / Lu, Cheng-You / Shyu, Ling-Yuh / Chen, Ke-Min

    Parasitology research. 2020 Oct., v. 119, no. 10

    2020  

    Abstract: Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes a human central nervous system (CNS) infection characterized by eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Individuals infected with A. cantonensis exhibit unbalanced walking. The mechanism of extensive ... ...

    Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes a human central nervous system (CNS) infection characterized by eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Individuals infected with A. cantonensis exhibit unbalanced walking. The mechanism of extensive neurological impairments of hosts caused by A. cantonensis larvae remains unclear. Tight junction proteins (e.g., claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1) are the most important regulators of paracellular permeability and cellular adhesion. In a previous study, we found that increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity may be associated with blood–CNS barrier disruption and/or the degeneration of Purkinje cells in eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis. In the present study, the co-localization of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins on the degeneration of Purkinje cells was measured via confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. The statistical evidence indicated that MMP-9 correlated between tight junction protein disruption and Purkinje cell degeneration at 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. In conclusion, Purkinje cell degeneration is highly correlated with tight junction protein disruption via the MMP-9 activation pathway.
    Keywords Parastrongylus cantonensis ; cell adhesion ; central nervous system ; fluorescence microscopy ; gelatinase B ; humans ; meningoencephalitis ; parasitology ; permeability ; research ; tight junctions
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-10
    Size p. 3433-3441.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 284966-5
    ISSN 1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
    ISSN (online) 1432-1955
    ISSN 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
    DOI 10.1007/s00436-020-06840-y
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 75/710: Show issues

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  5. Article: Regulation of Proinflammatory Enzymes by Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma in Astroglia Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

    Shyu, Ling-Yuh / Chen, Ke-Min / Lu, Cheng-You / Lai, Shih-Chan

    Journal of parasitology. 2020 Sept. 8, v. 106, no. 5

    2020  

    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates neuroinflammation, and its agonists act as neuroprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PPARγ and proinflammatory enzyme expression in astroglia infected ...

    Abstract Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates neuroinflammation, and its agonists act as neuroprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PPARγ and proinflammatory enzyme expression in astroglia infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite in vitro. Our results showed that matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PGE)-2, inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased in T. gondii–infected astroglia. Furthermore, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, PGE-2, iNOS, and NO were significantly decreased by rosiglitazone—a PPARγ agonist. By contrast, the treatment with GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, efficiently increased the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, PGE-2, iNOS, and NO. These results suggested that the treatment with rosiglitazone offers a potential strategy for controlling the inflammatory factors in T. gondii infection.
    Keywords Toxoplasma gondii ; agonists ; antagonists ; astrocytes ; metalloproteinases ; nitric oxide ; parasitology ; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ; prostaglandin synthase ; prostaglandins ; tachyzoites
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0908
    Size p. 564-571.
    Publishing place American Society of Parasitologists
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 300870-8
    ISSN 1937-2345 ; 0022-3395
    ISSN (online) 1937-2345
    ISSN 0022-3395
    DOI 10.1645/18-184
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  6. Book ; Online: Weakly-Supervised Image Semantic Segmentation Using Graph Convolutional Networks

    Pan, Shun-Yi / Lu, Cheng-You / Lee, Shih-Po / Peng, Wen-Hsiao

    2021  

    Abstract: This work addresses weakly-supervised image semantic segmentation based on image-level class labels. One common approach to this task is to propagate the activation scores of Class Activation Maps (CAMs) using a random-walk mechanism in order to arrive ... ...

    Abstract This work addresses weakly-supervised image semantic segmentation based on image-level class labels. One common approach to this task is to propagate the activation scores of Class Activation Maps (CAMs) using a random-walk mechanism in order to arrive at complete pseudo labels for training a semantic segmentation network in a fully-supervised manner. However, the feed-forward nature of the random walk imposes no regularization on the quality of the resulting complete pseudo labels. To overcome this issue, we propose a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN)-based feature propagation framework. We formulate the generation of complete pseudo labels as a semi-supervised learning task and learn a 2-layer GCN separately for every training image by back-propagating a Laplacian and an entropy regularization loss. Experimental results on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset confirm the superiority of our scheme to several state-of-the-art baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/Xavier-Pan/WSGCN.

    Comment: Accepted by ICME 2021
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006 ; 004
    Publishing date 2021-03-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: NeuralODF

    Houchens, Trevor / Lu, Cheng-You / Duggal, Shivam / Fu, Rao / Sridhar, Srinath

    Learning Omnidirectional Distance Fields for 3D Shape Representation

    2022  

    Abstract: In visual computing, 3D geometry is represented in many different forms including meshes, point clouds, voxel grids, level sets, and depth images. Each representation is suited for different tasks thus making the transformation of one representation into ...

    Abstract In visual computing, 3D geometry is represented in many different forms including meshes, point clouds, voxel grids, level sets, and depth images. Each representation is suited for different tasks thus making the transformation of one representation into another (forward map) an important and common problem. We propose Omnidirectional Distance Fields (ODFs), a new 3D shape representation that encodes geometry by storing the depth to the object's surface from any 3D position in any viewing direction. Since rays are the fundamental unit of an ODF, it can be used to easily transform to and from common 3D representations like meshes or point clouds. Different from level set methods that are limited to representing closed surfaces, ODFs are unsigned and can thus model open surfaces (e.g., garments). We demonstrate that ODFs can be effectively learned with a neural network (NeuralODF) despite the inherent discontinuities at occlusion boundaries. We also introduce efficient forward mapping algorithms for transforming ODFs to and from common 3D representations. Specifically, we introduce an efficient Jumping Cubes algorithm for generating meshes from ODFs. Experiments demonstrate that NeuralODF can learn to capture high-quality shape by overfitting to a single object, and also learn to generalize on common shape categories.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-06-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Calycosin inhibits gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells proliferation through modulation of the LDOC1/GNL3L/NFκB.

    Li, Chi-Cheng / Lu, Cheng-You / Hsu, Chiung-Hung / Hsieh, Dennis Jine-Yuan / Wang, Tso-Fu / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Kuo, Wei-Wen / Day, Cecilia Hsuan / Liao, Shih-Chieh / Chen, Ming-Cheng / Huang, Chih-Yang

    The Chinese journal of physiology

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 189–199

    Abstract: Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer worldwide. Combination therapies are urgently needed to increase patient survival. Calycosin is a phytoestrogen isoflavone that has been reported previously to inhibit tumor cell growth, although its ... ...

    Abstract Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer worldwide. Combination therapies are urgently needed to increase patient survival. Calycosin is a phytoestrogen isoflavone that has been reported previously to inhibit tumor cell growth, although its effects on lung cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calycosin on cell proliferation and apoptosis of gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells. Using calycosin to treat human lung cancer cells (CL1-0) and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells (CL1-0 GEMR) and examine the effects on the cells. Cultured human lung cancer cells (CL1-0) and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells (CL1-0 GEMR) were treated with increasing concentrations of calycosin. Cell viability and apoptosis were studied by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blots were used to measure the expression levels of proliferation-related proteins and cancer stem cell proteins in CL1-0 GEMR cells. The results showed that calycosin treatment inhibited cell proliferation, decreased cell migration ability, and suppressed cancer stem cell properties in CL1-0 GEMR cells. Interestingly, in CL1-0 GEMR cells, calycosin treatment not only increased LDOC1 but also decreased GNL3L/NFκB protein levels and mRNA levels, in concentration-dependent manners. We speculate that calycosin inhibited cell proliferation of the gemcitabine-resistant cell line through regulating the LDOC1/GNL3L/NFκB pathway.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gemcitabine ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; NF-kappa B ; Isoflavones/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Nuclear Proteins/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/pharmacology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Gemcitabine ; 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (09N3E8P7TA) ; NF-kappa B ; Isoflavones ; LDOC1 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; GNL3L protein, human ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-27
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 966112-8
    ISSN 0304-4920 ; 0300-8525
    ISSN 0304-4920 ; 0300-8525
    DOI 10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 309: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Recuperative herbal formula Jing Si maintains vasculature permeability balance, regulates inflammation and assuages concomitants of "Long-Covid".

    Chiang, Chien-Yi / Lin, Yu-Jung / Weng, Wen-Tsan / Lin, Heng-Dao / Lu, Cheng-You / Chen, Wan-Jing / Shih, Cheng Yen / Lin, Pi-Yu / Lin, Shinn-Zong / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Shibu, Marthandam Asokan / Huang, Chih-Yang

    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

    2023  Volume 163, Page(s) 114752

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide health threat that has long-term effects on the patients and there is currently no efficient cure prescribed for the treatment and the prolonging effects. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide health threat that has long-term effects on the patients and there is currently no efficient cure prescribed for the treatment and the prolonging effects. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to exert therapeutic effect against COVID-19. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Jing Si herbal tea (JSHT) against COVID-19 infection and associated long-term effects were evaluated in different in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-inflammatory effects of JSHT were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. The effect of JSHT on cellular stress was determined in HK-2 proximal tubular cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The therapeutic benefits of JSHT on anhedonia and depression symptoms associated with long COVID were evaluated in mice models for unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). JSHT inhibited the NF-ƙB activities, and significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of TNFα, COX-2, NLRP3 inflammasome, and HMGB1. JSHT was also found to significantly suppress the production of NO by reducing iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further, the protective effects of JSHT on lung tissue were confirmed based on mitigation of lung injury, repression in TMRRSS2 and HMGB-1 expression and reduction of cytokine storm in the Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. JSHT treatment in UCMS models also relieved chronic stress and combated depression symptoms. The results therefore show that JSHT attenuates the cytokine storm by repressing NF-κB cascades and provides the protective functions against symptoms associated with long COVID-19 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Cytokines/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Acute Lung Injury/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Lipopolysaccharides ; Cytokines ; NF-kappa B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392415-4
    ISSN 1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    ISSN (online) 1950-6007
    ISSN 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114752
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Ohwia caudata extract relieves the IL-17A-induced inflammatory response of synoviocytes through modulation of SOCS3 and JAK2/STAT3 activation.

    Lu, Cheng-You / Kuo, Chia-Hua / Kuo, Wei-Wen / Hsieh, Dennis Jine-Yuan / Wang, Tso-Fu / Shih, Cheng-Yen / Lin, Pi-Yu / Lin, Shinn-Zong / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Huang, Chih-Yang

    Environmental toxicology

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 8, Page(s) 1914–1924

    Abstract: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes accumulation, proliferation and activation, and the subsequent inflammatory mediators production play a key role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well established that Janus kinase 2/signal transducer ... ...

    Abstract Fibroblast-like synoviocytes accumulation, proliferation and activation, and the subsequent inflammatory mediators production play a key role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well established that Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling triggers inflammation, and induces cytokine levels in RA. Ohwia caudata have long been used against many disorders. However, in RA, the effects of O. caudata have not been elucidated. In the current study, synoviocytes were used to evaluate the suppressive effects of O. caudate extract (OCE) on the pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In vitro, the underlying mechanisms by which OCE inhibits inflammatory response through regulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and JAK2/STAT3 expression in IL-17A-treated HIG-82 synoviocytes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the proliferation of IL-17A-challenged cells were increased in comparison with non-stimulated control cells. The synoviocyte proliferation was decreased significantly of OCE concentrations in dose dependent manner. The p-JAK2, p-STAT3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were reduced in IL-17A-challenged cells treated with OCE. Furthermore, AZD1480 (a JAK2-specific inhibitor) or WP1066 (a STAT3-specific inhibitor) affected the inflammatory mediators production in IL-17A-challenged synoviocytes, and OCE failed to mitigate the IL-17A-induced inflammatory mediators and SOCS3, acting as a feedback inhibitor of the JAK/STAT3 pathway, in the presence of SOCS3 siRNA, indicating that the beneficial effects of OCE on the regulation of inflammatory response homeostasis were dependent on SOCS3 and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our study also showed that SOCS3 was markedly activated by OCE in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes, thereby decreasing the JAK/STAT3 pathway, and the IL-1β, and IL-6 activation. Thus, O. caudate should be further investigated as a candidate anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Synoviocytes/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 2/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-17/metabolism ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Janus Kinase 2 (EC 2.7.10.2) ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-17 ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators ; SOCS3 protein, human ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; JAK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.2) ; STAT3 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1463449-1
    ISSN 1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
    ISSN (online) 1522-7278
    ISSN 1520-4081
    DOI 10.1002/tox.23818
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