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Article ; Online: The health burden of air pollution in the UK: a modelling study using updated exposure-risk associations.

Marais, Eloise A / Vohra, Karn / Kelly, Jamie M / Li, Yifan / Lu, Gongda

2023 Volume 402 Suppl 1, Page(s) S66

Abstract: Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, in particular fine particles or PM: Methods: For this modelling study, we used the GEOS-Chem model nested over the UK to simulate ambient PM: Findings: We estimated that adult premature ... ...

Abstract	Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, in particular fine particles or PM Methods: For this modelling study, we used the GEOS-Chem model nested over the UK to simulate ambient PM Findings: We estimated that adult premature mortality attributable to exposure to ambient PM Interpretation: According to our findings, PM Funding: Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Assessment ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02099-8
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Article ; Online: Impact of Legislated and Best Available Emission Control Measures on UK Particulate Matter Pollution, Premature Mortality, and Nitrogen-Sensitive Habitats.

Marais, Eloise A / Kelly, Jamie M / Vohra, Karn / Li, Yifan / Lu, Gongda / Hina, Naila / Rowe, Ed C

GeoHealth

2023 Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) e2023GH000910

Abstract: Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health-hazardous fine particles ( ... ...

Abstract	Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health-hazardous fine particles (PM
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2023GH000910
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Article: A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical model for cemented backfill application in geothermal conditions

Tao, Jian / Yang, Xing-Guo / Ding, Pei-Pei / Li, Xi-Long / Zhou, Jia-Wen / Lu, Gong-Da

Engineering geology. 2022 June 05, v. 302

2022

Abstract: High virgin rock temperature represents one of the greatest bottlenecking constraints for waste tailings recycling in deep mines, and the unique geothermal environment associated with each particular mine calls for customized backfill operation. In this ... ...

Abstract	High virgin rock temperature represents one of the greatest bottlenecking constraints for waste tailings recycling in deep mines, and the unique geothermal environment associated with each particular mine calls for customized backfill operation. In this paper, a new fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical model is developed for cemented backfills by invoking basic conservation equations. In addition, the effect of thermal pressurization induced by constrained thermal expansion of pore water that is missing in existing backfill models has been rationally considered in this study based on the generalized Biot's theory. By scrutinizing the complex backfill behavior at various initial and surrounding rock temperatures, novel insights are obtained into the different backfill performance under diverse geothermal conditions. Our numerical investigation has demonstrated that the strong nonlinearity of backfill response stems from the intricate competitions among the multi-physics processes present in the material. In particular, the pore pressure evolution in backfills is shown to be dominated by the interplay among chemical shrinkage, thermal pressurization associated with hydration-heat generation and boundary heating, as well as the resulting fluid migration that modulates the pressure distribution. Moreover, our calculations have also shown for the first time how boundary heating can contribute to backfill instability after an incubation period, highlighting backfill operation in hot mines as the least favorable thermal condition for waste tailings recycling. By examining the effectiveness of different countermeasures in mitigating the impact of boundary heating, guidelines for optimal design are provided in this study to facilitate customized backfill operation under high virgin rock temperatures.
Keywords	geology ; heat ; models ; shrinkage ; temperature ; thermal expansion
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0605
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0013-7952
DOI	10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106643
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Evaluating slope stability with 3D limit equilibrium technique and its application to landfill in China

Qi, Shunchao / Ling, Daosheng / Yao, Qiang / Lu, Gongda / Yang, Xingguo / Zhou, Jia-wen

Engineering geology. 2021 Jan., v. 280

2021

Abstract: A new derivation of the three-dimensional (3D) limit equilibrium method for slope stability analyses is presented, which applies linear algebra operations to matrices to achieve a highly efficient algorithm while maintaining the rigorousness of the ... ...

Abstract	A new derivation of the three-dimensional (3D) limit equilibrium method for slope stability analyses is presented, which applies linear algebra operations to matrices to achieve a highly efficient algorithm while maintaining the rigorousness of the formulation. It satisfies six equilibrium conditions and includes all of the components of the intercolumnar forces. The generalized 3D Morgenstern-Price's (MP) assumption for the intercolumn forces is recast into incremental forms. The advantage is that the unknowns of the different physical meanings (i.e., factor of safety (FS) and the coefficients in the MP assumption) are determined by balancing the forces and moments independently. Along with the recasting correction coefficients, they are solved with the triple nested algorithm. The numerical instability that is related to the different orders of magnitude for the residuals is avoided. The varication examples show: (i) the insensitivity of the FS to the prescribed functions in the MP assumption, (ii) the reliability of the method to cope with a complicated slope geometry (simplified methods may provide a larger FS for certain cases), and (iii) the superior efficiency of the algorithm (requires several seconds to converge). This study proposes a practical way to track the irregular 3D tension cracking by repeating the analysis and excluding the columns with the negative normal forces at the bottom. This formulation is applied to a valley landfill slope in China. In comparison to the two-dimensional analysis, there are more reasonable/cost-effective measures to increase the system stability through 3D analyses for several conditions (e.g., seismic loading).
Keywords	algebra ; algorithms ; geometry ; geophysics ; landfills ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	0013-7952
DOI	10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105939
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects in one-dimensional accretion of cemented mine fills

Lu, Gong-Da / Fan, Gang / Qi, Shun-Chao / Yang, Xing-Guo / Zhou, Jia-Wen

Engineering geology. 2020 Mar. 20, v. 267

2020

Abstract: Mine waste-cement mixtures have been extensively used for filling underground mined-out cavities worldwide as a sustainable solution to tailings disposal and for ground control. The pressure that a mine fill imposes on its retaining structures would ... ...

Abstract	Mine waste-cement mixtures have been extensively used for filling underground mined-out cavities worldwide as a sustainable solution to tailings disposal and for ground control. The pressure that a mine fill imposes on its retaining structures would dictate the stability of a subsurface backfill system. The pressure is influenced by the coupled consolidation and chemical shrinkage processes of a cemented mine fill. Various benchmark results have become available for understanding and predicting such coupled processes during the deposition of cemented mine fills in an ideal one-dimensional (1D) condition. Nevertheless, there has been a paucity of studies where the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects in their entirety are rationally considered. In this paper, the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of fluid-saturated cemented mine fills during 1D accretion is investigated with a new chemo-poroelasticity framework. The present approach is conceptualized by extending Biot's poroelasticity to accommodate the water volume changes induced by cement hydration. The analyses performed in the study have brought new practical insights into the chemo-poromechanical behaviour of accreting cemented mine fills. In particular, the study has shown quantitatively for the first time how the consolidation of a hydrating mine fill is dictated by the specific evolution of its properties, rate of deposition, as well as backfill mix design during sedimentation. The study suggests that a case-specific analysis with coupled numerical tools, rather than the simple application of benchmark results, is mandatory for rationally assessing the nonlinear consolidation process.
Keywords	cement ; mine tailings ; mining ; prediction ; shrinkage
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0320
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0013-7952
DOI	10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105495
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Experimental study on the river blockage and landslide dam formation induced by rock slides

Liao, Hai-mei / Lu, Gong-da / Tao, Jian / Yang, Xing-guo / Zhou, Jia-wen

Engineering geology. 2019 Aug. 22,

2019

Abstract: Rock slides triggered by strong earthquake or heavy rainfall may cause different degrees of blockage in flow channels, resulting in a significant impact on the continuity of mountainous rivers. Based on the extent of blocking, the blockage type is ... ...

Abstract	Rock slides triggered by strong earthquake or heavy rainfall may cause different degrees of blockage in flow channels, resulting in a significant impact on the continuity of mountainous rivers. Based on the extent of blocking, the blockage type is divided into three categories in this paper: no blockage (submerged dam), partial blockage, and complete blockage. The accumulation process of sliding materials in the course of rock slides is an important issue for understanding the formation of landslide dams. In this study, rock slide and river valley models are developed to investigate the typical kinematic process and emplacement of rock slides, and the factors that dictate the formation of landslide dams are critically analyzed. The experimental study suggests that there is a positive correlation between the deposit height and the rock slide volume despite differences of rock fragmentation and flow condition. In addition, the less fragmented rocks result in larger maximum deposit height (maxi-DH) and smaller minimum deposit height (mini-DH), while the better fragmented rocks result in smaller maxi-DH and larger mini-DH. Furthermore, the water depth has a significant impact on the river blockage type. A new Blockage Index (BI) that combines the landslide volume and the wet cross-sectional area is proposed to assess the damming capacity of rock slides. Then a method for predicting the river blockage type of rock slides is developed based on the relationship between Blockage Index and the ratio of maxi-DH or mini-DH and water depth. The model proposed in this work can be used to assist estimating the formation of landslide dam for similar rock slides in the future.
Keywords	dams (hydrology) ; earthquakes ; landslides ; models ; mountains ; prediction ; rain ; river valleys ; rivers ; rockfalls ; rocks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0822
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	0013-7952
DOI	10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105269
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Abrupt but smaller than expected changes in surface air quality attributable to COVID-19 lockdowns.

Shi, Zongbo / Song, Congbo / Liu, Bowen / Lu, Gongda / Xu, Jingsha / Van Vu, Tuan / Elliott, Robert J R / Li, Weijun / Bloss, William J / Harrison, Roy M

Science advances

2021 Volume 7, Issue 3

Abstract: The COVID-19 lockdowns led to major reductions in air pollutant emissions. Here, we quantitatively evaluate changes in ambient ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 lockdowns led to major reductions in air pollutant emissions. Here, we quantitatively evaluate changes in ambient NO
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cities ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Gases/analysis ; Humans ; London ; Machine Learning ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis ; Paris ; Particulate Matter ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Gases ; Particulate Matter ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abd6696
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Article: Variation in Concentration and Sources of Black Carbon in a Megacity of China During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Xu, Liang / Zhang, Jian / Sun, Xin / Xu, Shengchen / Shan, Meng / Yuan, Qi / Liu, Lei / Du, Zhenhong / Liu, Dantong / Xu, Da / Song, Congbo / Liu, Bowen / Lu, Gongda / Shi, Zongbo / Li, Weijun

Geophysical research letters

2020 Volume 47, Issue 23, Page(s) e2020GL090444

Abstract: Black carbon (BC) not only warms the atmosphere but also affects human health. The nationwide lockdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a major reduction in human activity during the past 30 years. Here, the concentration of ...

Abstract	Black carbon (BC) not only warms the atmosphere but also affects human health. The nationwide lockdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a major reduction in human activity during the past 30 years. Here, the concentration of BC in the urban, urban-industry, suburb, and rural areas of a megacity Hangzhou were monitored using a multiwavelength Aethalometer to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on BC emissions. The citywide BC decreased by 44% from 2.30 to 1.29 μg/m
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7403-2
ISSN	0094-8276
ISSN	0094-8276
DOI	10.1029/2020GL090444
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Article: Chemistry of Atmospheric Fine Particles During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Megacity of Eastern China.

Liu, Lei / Zhang, Jian / Du, Rongguang / Teng, Xiaomi / Hu, Rui / Yuan, Qi / Tang, Shanshan / Ren, Chuanhua / Huang, Xin / Xu, Liang / Zhang, Yinxiao / Zhang, Xiaoye / Song, Congbo / Liu, Bowen / Lu, Gongda / Shi, Zongbo / Li, Weijun

Geophysical research letters

2021 Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 2020GL091611

Abstract: Air pollution in megacities represents one of the greatest environmental challenges. Our observed results show that the dramatic ... ...

Abstract	Air pollution in megacities represents one of the greatest environmental challenges. Our observed results show that the dramatic NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7403-2
ISSN	0094-8276
ISSN	0094-8276
DOI	10.1029/2020GL091611
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Book ; Online: Assessment of strict autumn-winter emission controls on air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Lu, Gongda / Marais, Eloise A. / Vu, Tuan V. / Xu, Jingsha / Shi, Zongbo / Lee, James D. / Zhang, Qiang / Shen, Lu / Luo, Gan / Yu, Fangqun

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract: Strict seasonal emission controls are a popular measure in China for addressing severe air pollution, in particular fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). Here we evaluate the efficacy of these measures, with a particular focus on the strict emission ... ...

Abstract	Strict seasonal emission controls are a popular measure in China for addressing severe air pollution, in particular fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). Here we evaluate the efficacy of these measures, with a particular focus on the strict emission controls imposed on pollution sources in 28 cities in and around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) in autumn-winter 2017/2018. For this we use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and air pollutant measurements from the national and Beijing local monitoring networks, after evaluating the network data with independent measurements and correcting large biases in the bottom-up emissions inventory. The network measurements are temporally consistent ( r > 0.9 for PM 2.5 and r > 0.7 for gases) with the independent measurements, though with systematic differences of 5–17 % for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and 16–28 % for carbon monoxide (CO). The average decrease in monitoring network PM 2.5 in BTH in autumn-winter 2017/2018 relative to the previous year is 27 %, declining from 103 to 75 µg m −3 . The regional decline in PM 2.5 in the model is 20 %, exceeding the regional target of 15 %. According to the model, pollution control measures led to decline in PM 2.5 precursor emissions of 0.27 Tg NO x (as NO), 0.66 Tg sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), 70 Gg organic carbon (OC), and 50 Gg black carbon (BC). We find though that these alone only lead to an 8 % decline in PM 2.5 and that interannual variability in meteorology accounts for more than half (57 %) the decline. This demonstrates that year-on-year comparisons are misleading for assessing the efficacy of air pollution measures and should be taken into consideration when extending such measures beyond BTH.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-02
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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