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  1. Article ; Online: Ultrasensitive Silicon Photonic Refractive Index Sensor Based on Hybrid Double Slot Subwavelength Grating Microring Resonator.

    Lu, Kaiwei / Huang, Beiju / Lv, Xiaoqing / Zhang, Zan / Ma, Zhengtai

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 6

    Abstract: Silicon photonic-based refractive index sensors are of great value in the detection of gases, biological and chemical substances. Among them, microring resonators are the most promising due to their compact size and narrow Lorentzian-shaped spectrum. The ...

    Abstract Silicon photonic-based refractive index sensors are of great value in the detection of gases, biological and chemical substances. Among them, microring resonators are the most promising due to their compact size and narrow Lorentzian-shaped spectrum. The electric field in a subwavelength grating waveguide (SWG) is essentially confined in the low-refractive index dielectric, favoring enhanced analyte-photon interactions, which represents higher sensitivity. However, it is very challenging to further significantly improve the sensitivity of SWG ring resonator refractive index sensors. Here, a hybrid waveguide blocks double slot subwavelength grating microring resonator (HDSSWG-MRR) refractive index sensor operating in a water refractive index environment is proposed. By designing a new waveguide structure, a sensitivity of up to 1005 nm/RIU has been achieved, which is 182 nm/RIU higher than the currently highest sensitivity silicon photonic micro ring refractive index sensor. Meanwhile, utilizing a unique waveguide structure, a Q of 22,429 was achieved and a low limit of detection of 6.86 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s24061929
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dual sensitivity-enhanced microring resonance-based integrated microfluidic biosensor for Aβ

    Ma, Zhengtai / Zhang, Zan / Lv, Xiaoqing / Zhang, Huan / Lu, Kaiwei / Su, Guoshuai / Huang, Beiju / Chen, Hongda

    Talanta

    2024  Volume 275, Page(s) 126111

    Abstract: Sensitive, accurate, and straightforward biosensors are pivotal in the battle against Alzheimer's disease, particularly in light of the escalating patient population. These biosensors enable early adjunctive diagnosis, thereby facilitating prompt ... ...

    Abstract Sensitive, accurate, and straightforward biosensors are pivotal in the battle against Alzheimer's disease, particularly in light of the escalating patient population. These biosensors enable early adjunctive diagnosis, thereby facilitating prompt intervention, alleviating socioeconomic burdens, and preserving individual well-being. In this study, we introduce the development of a highly sensitive add-drop dual-microring resonant microfluidic sensing chip boasting a sensitivity of 188.11 nm/RIU, marking a significant 20.7% enhancement over single microring systems. Leveraging ultra-thin Parylene C for streamlined antibody immobilization and non-destructive removal, this platform facilitates the precise quantification of the Alzheimer's disease biomarker Aβ
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1500969-5
    ISSN 1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
    ISSN (online) 1873-3573
    ISSN 0039-9140
    DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126111
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Trends in Healthcare Expenditures among Adults in the United States by Cancer Diagnosis Status, 2008-2016: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    Walker, Shannon L / Williams, Joni S / Lu, Kaiwei / Dawson, Aprill Z / Egede, Leonard E

    Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 1661–1668

    Abstract: Background: This study aims to assess trends in direct medical expenditures and indirect costs between adults with and without a prior cancer diagnosis from 2008 to 2016.: Methods: Nine years of data (2008-2016) from the Medical Expenditure Panel ... ...

    Abstract Background: This study aims to assess trends in direct medical expenditures and indirect costs between adults with and without a prior cancer diagnosis from 2008 to 2016.
    Methods: Nine years of data (2008-2016) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (weighted N = 236,811,875) were used. The outcomes included medical expenditures (total expenditure, inpatient, office-based, medications, outpatient, dental, emergency room visits, home health, other) and health-related missed workdays. The predictor was prior cancer diagnosis. Covariates included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and calendar year at time of survey completion. Two-part statistical modeling with a combination of binomial and positive distributions was used to estimate medical expenditures and missed workdays. Data were clustered into five timepoints: 2008 to 2009, 2010 to 2011, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015, and 2016.
    Results: Eleven percent of the sample (n = 25,005,230) had a prior cancer diagnosis. Compared with those without a prior cancer diagnosis, those with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher mean incremental total expenditures across all years. Between 2008 and 2016, the adjusted annual incremental total expenditures were $3,522 [95% confidence interval (CI), $3,072-$3,972]; office-based visits ($1,085; 95% CI, $990-$1180); inpatient hospitalizations ($810; 95% CI, $627-$992); outpatient appointments ($517; 95% CI, $434-$600); and medications ($409; 95% CI, $295-$523); and health-related missed workdays (0.75; 95% CI, 0.45-1.04) compared with adults without a prior cancer diagnosis.
    Conclusions: Adults with a prior cancer diagnosis had significantly increased healthcare expenditures and health-related missed workdays compared with those with no cancer diagnosis.
    Impact: Our findings highlight the need for increasing strategies to remedy the impact of increasing direct and indirect costs associated with cancer survivorship as the population grows and ages.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1153420-5
    ISSN 1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
    ISSN (online) 1538-7755
    ISSN 1055-9965
    DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0575
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Frequency of Screening for Colorectal Cancer by Predicted Life Expectancy Among Adults 76-85 Years.

    Deardorff, W James / Lu, Kaiwei / Jing, Bocheng / Jeon, Sun Y / Boscardin, W John / Fung, Kathy Z / Lee, Sei J

    JAMA

    2023  Volume 330, Issue 13, Page(s) 1280–1282

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Age Factors ; Colonoscopy/methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Life Expectancy ; Mass Screening/methods ; United States/epidemiology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2023.15820
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Skeletal Muscle Health, Physical Performance, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Older Adults: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

    Bauer, Scott R / Parker-Autry, Candace / Lu, Kaiwei / Cummings, Steven R / Hepple, Russell T / Scherzer, Rebecca / Covinsky, Kenneth / Cawthon, Peggy M

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and mobility limitations are bidirectionally associated among older adults, but the role of skeletal muscle remains unknown. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of muscle health and physical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and mobility limitations are bidirectionally associated among older adults, but the role of skeletal muscle remains unknown. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of muscle health and physical performance with LUTS.
    Methods: We used data from 377 women and 264 men age>70 years in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). LUTS and urinary bother were assessed using the LURN Symptom Index-10 (SI-10;higher=worse symptoms). Muscle mass and volume were assessed using D3-creatine dilution (D3Cr) and magnetic resonance imaging. Grip strength and peak leg power assessed upper/lower extremity physical performance. 400m walk, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Four Square Step Test (FSST) assessed global physical performance. Mobility Assessment Tool-short form (MAT-sf) assessed self-reported mobility. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients adjusted for age, BMI, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, chi-square tests, and Fisher's Z-test to compare correlations.
    Results: Among women, LURN SI-10 total scores were inversely correlated with FSST (rs=0.11,P=0.045), grip strength (rs=-0.15,P=0.006), and MAT-sf (rs=-0.18,P=0.001), but not other muscle and physical performance measures in multivariable models. LURN SI-10 was not associated with any of these measures among men. 44% of women in the lowest tertile of 400m walk speed versus 24% in the highest tertile reported they were at least "somewhat bothered" by urinary symptoms (P<0.001) whereas differences among men were not significant.
    Conclusions: Balance and grip strength were associated with LUTS severity in older women but not men. Associations with other muscle and physical performance measures varied by LUTS subtype but remained strongest among women.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glad218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cystatin C- and Creatinine-based Estimated GFR Differences: Prevalence and Predictors in the UK Biobank.

    Chen, Debbie C / Lu, Kaiwei / Scherzer, Rebecca / Lees, Jennifer S / Rutherford, Elaine / Mark, Patrick B / Potok, O Alison / Rifkin, Dena E / Ix, Joachim H / Shlipak, Michael G / Estrella, Michelle M

    Kidney medicine

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 100796

    Abstract: Rationale & objective: Large differences between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on cystatin C (eGFRcys) and creatinine (eGFRcr) occur commonly. A comprehensive evaluation of factors that contribute to these differences is needed to ... ...

    Abstract Rationale & objective: Large differences between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on cystatin C (eGFRcys) and creatinine (eGFRcr) occur commonly. A comprehensive evaluation of factors that contribute to these differences is needed to guide the interpretation of discrepant eGFR values.
    Study design: Cohort study.
    Setting & participants: 468,969 participants in the UK Biobank.
    Exposures: Candidate sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, medication usage, and physical and laboratory predictors.
    Outcomes: eGFRdiff, defined as eGFRcys minus eGFRcr, categorized into 3 levels: lower eGFRcys (eGFRdiff, less than -15 mL/min/1.73 m
    Analytical approach: Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to identify predictors of lower eGFRcys or lower eGFRcr. We developed 2 prediction models comprising 375,175 participants: (1) a clinical model using clinically available variables and (2) an enriched model additionally including lifestyle variables. The models were internally validated in an additional 93,794 participants.
    Results: Mean ± standard deviation of eGFRcys was 88 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m
    Limitations: Limited generalizability.
    Conclusions: This study highlights the multitude of demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics that are associated with large eGFRdiff. The clinical model may identify individuals who are likely to have discrepant eGFR values and thus should be prioritized for cystatin C testing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-0595
    ISSN (online) 2590-0595
    DOI 10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100796
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  7. Article ; Online: Associations of Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Area, and Specific Force With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Older Men: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

    Langston, Marvin E / Cawthon, Peggy M / Lu, Kaiwei / Scherzer, Rebecca / Newman, John C / Covinsky, Kenneth / Ferrucci, Luigi / Simonsick, Eleanor M / Bauer, Scott R

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2024  Volume 79, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older men are associated with an increased risk of mobility limitations. Lower extremity muscle quality may represent a novel shared mechanism of both LUTS and mobility limitations.: Methods: We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older men are associated with an increased risk of mobility limitations. Lower extremity muscle quality may represent a novel shared mechanism of both LUTS and mobility limitations.
    Methods: We evaluated associations of thigh skeletal muscle measures (strength, area, and specific force) with total LUTS severity (American Urologic Association Symptom Index; AUASI) and voiding and storage subscores among 352 men aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Thigh muscle strength (Nm) was defined as maximum concentric 30°/s knee extensor torque, area (cm2), and specific force (Nm/cm2) defined as strength/area. Associations with AUASI score were estimated using multivariable linear regression and linear mixed models.
    Results: Mean thigh muscle strength at baseline was 139.7Nm. In cross-sectional multivariable models, each 39Nm increment in thigh muscle strength and 0.28Nm/cm2 increment in specific force was associated with -1.17 point (95% CI: -1.93 to -.41) and -0.95 point (95% CI: -1.63 to -0.27) lower AUASI score, respectively. Similar associations were observed for voiding and storage subscores, although somewhat attenuated. In longitudinal analyses, baseline muscle measures were not associated with annual change in AUASI, and current changes in muscle measures and AUASI were unrelated.
    Conclusions: Cross-sectionally, higher thigh muscle strength and specific force were associated with decreased LUTS severity in older men. However, we did not observe concurrent worsening LUTS severity with declining thigh muscle strength, area, or specific force in longitudinal analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Baltimore/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Lower Extremity/physiopathology ; Aging/physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Thigh ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glae008
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  8. Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction and Healthcare Expenditures in Adults with Spine Related Disorders: An Analysis of the 2008 to 2015 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS).

    Gliedt, Jordan A / Walker, Rebekah J / Lu, Kaiwei / Dawson, Aprill Z / Egede, Leonard E

    Spine

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 20, Page(s) 1409–1417

    Abstract: Study design: Cross-sectional study.: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction (PS) and healthcare expenditures (HCE) in adults with spine related disorders (SRDs).: Summary of background ... ...

    Abstract Study design: Cross-sectional study.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction (PS) and healthcare expenditures (HCE) in adults with spine related disorders (SRDs).
    Summary of background data: SRDs are widespread and pose a high cost to society. PS and HCE have yet to be studied in this population.
    Methods: Fifteen thousand eight hundred fifty adults with SRDs from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) (2008-2015) were analyzed. The MEPS medical conditions files were used to identify SRDs based on International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Frequencies and percentages of sample demographics were calculated. HCE was measured as total direct payments for care provided during the survey year. A composite PS score was constructed using a 0 to 10 rating of their healthcare providers combined with the frequency in which patients felt they were listened to, were given understandable explanations, were respected, and were given enough time. Mean unadjusted HCE were calculated for each year and by quartile of PS. A two-part model consisting of a probit model and subsequent generalized linear model with gamma distribution was performed, adjusting for relevant covariates. Margins command was used to calculate incremental estimates of HCE.
    Results: Mean unadjusted HCE increased annually from $7057 (95% confidence interval [CI], $6516, $7597) in 2008 to $9820 (95% CI, $8811, $10,830) in 2015 for adults with SRDs. Adjusting for predisposing factors, individuals in second, third, and fourth quartiles of PS were significantly different from the first quartile. Adjusting for predisposing and enabling factors, only fourth quartile was significantly different from first quartile. After adjusting for predisposing, enabling and need factors, second, third, and fourth quartiles were no longer significantly different from the first quartile.
    Conclusion: Expenditures have increased over time in adults with SRDs. PS is significantly associated with expenditures after controlling for predisposing and enabling factors, but not significant after controlling for need factors. Need factors appear to explain the relationship between lower levels of PS and higher HCE in adults with SRDs.Level of Evidence: 2.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Spinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752024-4
    ISSN 1528-1159 ; 0362-2436
    ISSN (online) 1528-1159
    ISSN 0362-2436
    DOI 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004047
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  9. Article ; Online: The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, the frequency and acuity of emergency department utilization and primary care engagement.

    Diaz, Robert / Walker, Rebekah J / Lu, Kaiwei / Weston, Benjamin W / Young, Nicholas / Fumo, Nicole / Hilgeman, Brian

    Child abuse & neglect

    2022  Volume 124, Page(s) 105479

    Abstract: Introduction: A history of adverse child experiences (ACEs) is associated with increased high-risk adult behaviors, morbidity, mortality, and use of the emergency department. This study was designed to understand the relationship between ACEs and the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: A history of adverse child experiences (ACEs) is associated with increased high-risk adult behaviors, morbidity, mortality, and use of the emergency department. This study was designed to understand the relationship between ACEs and the characteristics of emergency department use and primary care engagement.
    Methods: An in-person survey was conducted at an academic emergency department (ED) assessing ACE score, emergency department utilization and acuity, and primary care engagement.
    Results: The prevalence of ACEs was 71.1% with 1+ ACE and 32.5% with 4+ ACE. ACE scores of four or more were associated with three or more ED visits in the past year compared those with an ACE score of zero (OR 3.22; p < 0.05) and when adjusted for sociodemographic factors (OR 3.22; p < 0.10). Higher ACE scores were associated with lower acuity presentations as indicated by the Emergency Severity Index before (ACE score 1 OR 3.91 p < 0.05; ACE score 2-3 OR 2.35 p < 0.05; ACE score 4+ OR 3.95 p < 0.05) and after adjustment (ACE score 1 OR 3.80 p < 0.10; ACE 2-3 OR 3.50 p < 0.10; ACE 4+ OR 4.36 p < 0.05). There was no association between ACE score and having a primary care provider (PCP), frequency of PCP visits, or PCP rating.
    Conclusion: Higher ACE scores were associated with higher emergency department utilization and lower acuity presentations but not associated with levels of primary care engagement. Additional investigations are needed to adequately characterize the discrete causal mechanisms behind these current findings.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Child ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 799143-5
    ISSN 1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
    ISSN (online) 1873-7757
    ISSN 0145-2134
    DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105479
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  10. Article ; Online: Differential Associations of Cystatin C Versus Creatinine-Based Kidney Function With Risks of Cardiovascular Event and Mortality Among South Asian Individuals in the UK Biobank.

    Chen, Debbie C / Lees, Jennifer S / Lu, Kaiwei / Scherzer, Rebecca / Rutherford, Elaine / Mark, Patrick B / Kanaya, Alka M / Shlipak, Michael G / Estrella, Michelle M

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e027079

    Abstract: Background South Asian individuals have increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risks. Reliance on creatinine- rather than cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) may underestimate the cardiovascular disease risk associated ...

    Abstract Background South Asian individuals have increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risks. Reliance on creatinine- rather than cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) may underestimate the cardiovascular disease risk associated with chronic kidney disease. Methods and Results Among 7738 South Asian UK BioBank participants without prevalent heart failure (HF) or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, we investigated associations of 4 eGFRcys and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate categories (<45, 45-59, 60-89, and ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Creatinine ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cystatin C ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Kidney ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Cystatin C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.122.027079
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