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Article ; Online: Bioenvironmental Predictors of Childhood Reading and Speech Difficulties.

Michaelides, Orestis / Luciano, Michelle

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2023 Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 1740–1754

Abstract: Purpose: Reading and speech difficulties are common in childhood, yet it is not fully understood how much of their etiology is shared. This partly derives from methodological issues related to overlooking the potential co-occurrence between the two sets ...

Abstract	Purpose: Reading and speech difficulties are common in childhood, yet it is not fully understood how much of their etiology is shared. This partly derives from methodological issues related to overlooking the potential co-occurrence between the two sets of difficulties. This study investigated the effects of five bioenvironmental predictors in a sample assessed for such co-occurrence. Method: A combination of exploratory and confirmatory analyses was performed on longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study. Exploratory latent class analysis was performed on children's reading, speech, and language outcomes at ages 7 and 11 years. Membership in the obtained classes was modeled using a regression with sex and four early-life predictors: gestation period, socioeconomic status, maternal education, and the home reading environment. Results: The model yielded four latent classes that broadly reflected (1) average reading and speech, (2) excellent reading, (3) reading difficulties, and (4) speech difficulties. Early-life factors significantly predicted class membership. Male sex and preterm birth emerged as risk factors for both reading and speech difficulties. Protective effects against reading difficulties were identified for maternal education, and lower (but not higher) levels of socioeconomic status and the home reading environment. Conclusions: Co-occurrence of reading and speech difficulties in the sample was low, and differential patterns of effect of the social environment were supported. Reading outcomes were under stronger malleable influence than speech outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reading ; Speech ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Speech Disorders ; Dyslexia/epidemiology ; Dyslexia/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00476
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Article ; Online: Associations Between a General Factor and Group Factor from the Spanish-Language Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form's Neuroticism Scale and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Domains and Facets.

Weiss, Alexander / Luciano, Michelle / Aluja, Anton

Journal of personality assessment

2024 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: Prior studies used exploratory bifactor analyses to examine the structure of the Neuroticism scale from the Short-scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-RS). These studies revealed a general factor and two group factors-Anxious-Tense and ... ...

Abstract	Prior studies used exploratory bifactor analyses to examine the structure of the Neuroticism scale from the Short-scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-RS). These studies revealed a general factor and two group factors-Anxious-Tense and Worried-Vulnerable. These factors were related to poorer mental health, but their associations with physical health differed, as did their genetic and neurobiological underpinnings. A later study found that their associations with the Big Five Inventory-2 Short Form's factors and facets differed. We reanalyzed data on 1,006 Spanish students who completed Spanish-language versions of the EPQ-RS and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we showed that a model comprising the general factor and a group factor-Anxious-Tense-fit well. In later correlations, a joint factor analysis, and simultaneous multiple regressions, we showed that the EPQ-RS's general factor and the group factor had different patterns of associations with the NEO PI-R domains and facets. These associations were consistent with the definition of the EPQ-RS Neuroticism scale's general factor and that of the group factor. Further investigation into the EPQ-RS Neuroticism scale's structure can improve our understanding of neuroticism's relationship with health and other outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121962-5
ISSN	1532-7752 ; 0022-3891
ISSN (online)	1532-7752
ISSN	0022-3891
DOI	10.1080/00223891.2024.2307885
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Article ; Online: Childhood Reading Ability and Pain in Childhood Through to Midlife.

Bridges, Elinor C / Torsney, Carole / Bates, Timothy C / Luciano, Michelle

The journal of pain

2024 , Page(s) 104518

Abstract: Dyslexia and pain have recently been shown to correlate on a genetic level, but there has been little exploration of this association on the phenotypic level despite reports of increased pain in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which commonly co- ...

Abstract	Dyslexia and pain have recently been shown to correlate on a genetic level, but there has been little exploration of this association on the phenotypic level despite reports of increased pain in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which commonly co-occurs with dyslexia. In this study we test for an association between reading ability, which is the primary feature of dyslexia, and pain both in childhood and adulthood. Logistic regression modeling was used to test associations between reading ability in childhood and pain from childhood to midlife in a large UK birth cohort; the 1958 National Child Development Study. Associations were found between poor childhood reading ability and increased headache and abdominal pain in childhood, and between poor childhood reading ability and headache, eye pain, back pain, and rheumatism in adulthood. Mediation analyses indicated that socioeconomic status (defined by employment) fully mediated the association between poor reading ability in childhood and back pain at age 42. By contrast, the association between reading ability and eye pain acted independently of socioeconomic status. Different mechanisms were thus indicated for the association of reading with different pain types, including manual labor and a potential shared biological pathway. PERSPECTIVE: This study found a relationship between poor reading ability in childhood and pain in childhood and adulthood. Those with reading difficulties should be monitored for pain symptoms. Future research may uncover shared biological mechanisms, increasing our understanding of pain and potential treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2018789-0
ISSN	1528-8447 ; 1526-5900
ISSN (online)	1528-8447
ISSN	1526-5900
DOI	10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.014
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Article ; Online: A Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity and Personality in the Wellbeing of Older Adults.

Chan, Bill Cheuk Long / Luciano, Michelle / Lee, Billy

Journal of aging and health

2023 , Page(s) 8982643231206222

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1045392-1
ISSN	1552-6887 ; 0898-2643
ISSN (online)	1552-6887
ISSN	0898-2643
DOI	10.1177/08982643231206222
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Article ; Online: Commentary on Latvala et al. (2016): What can genetic cognitive epidemiology tell us about substance misuse and addiction?

Luciano, Michelle

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2016 Volume 111, Issue 10, Page(s) 1823–1824

MeSH term(s)	Behavior, Addictive ; Cognition ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.13456
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Article: Identification of loci involved in childhood visual acuity and associations with cognitive skills and educational attainment.

Schmitz, Judith / Abbondanza, Filippo / Marianski, Krzysztof / Luciano, Michelle / Paracchini, Silvia

NPJ science of learning

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 25

Abstract: Visual acuity significantly contributes to quality of life. Deficits in childhood are associated with reading difficulties, which can have detrimental effects on education outcomes. In adults, it has been observed that vision defects such as myopia are ... ...

Abstract	Visual acuity significantly contributes to quality of life. Deficits in childhood are associated with reading difficulties, which can have detrimental effects on education outcomes. In adults, it has been observed that vision defects such as myopia are associated with higher educational attainment (EA). Understanding genetic factors contributing to visual acuity could help to dissect its links with cognitive skills, neurodevelopmental conditions, and education. We examined associations between distance visual acuity, cognitive measures including school grades, and neurodevelopmental conditions in a longitudinal cohort of British children (ALSPAC, n = 6807, M age = 11.8). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS, n = 5571) on visual acuity and tested for genetic associations with relevant phenotypes using polygenic scores (PGS) and genetic correlation analyses. Visual acuity was associated with better cognitive performance and school grades, and reduced in individuals with reading difficulties compared to controls. GWAS revealed genetic associations at the NPLOC4 locus and highlighted other genes involved in sensory function. In line with positive genetic correlations between visual acuity and cognitive measures, EA PGS were positively associated with visual acuity, while there was a less robust negative association with myopia PGS. In conclusion, increased visual acuity is associated with a range of positive outcomes, including better school grades. Our results suggest an association between a higher EA PGS and slightly increased visual acuity in childhood. This could indicate gene-environment correlation, in which environmental exposures linked to higher EA might have detrimental effects on vision offsetting the initial positive effect.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2056-7936
ISSN	2056-7936
DOI	10.1038/s41539-023-00175-w
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Article: The Genetics of Reading and Language.

Luciano, Michelle / Bates, Timothy C

Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

2020 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 101–102

Abstract: Recounts how our collaboration with Nick Martin was shaped over two decades, leading to the first studies of predictions from the 'Dual Route Cascaded' computational model of reading in twins, and extending into the molecular work, first linkage, fine ... ...

Abstract	Recounts how our collaboration with Nick Martin was shaped over two decades, leading to the first studies of predictions from the 'Dual Route Cascaded' computational model of reading in twins, and extending into the molecular work, first linkage, fine mapping of genes identified in pedigree studies, into now the genomewide association study era and the first polygenic risk scores for reading and their potential in early clarifying causality and validating interventions, as well as for future global collaborations in improving these predictors and identifying causal variants. We highlight Nick's warm, future-focused optimism, support and inclusive approach without which none of this would have been possible. The circle of Nick asking, over half a century ago, 'What genes do you think make some kids get better grades?' has built a diverse scientific legacy involving thousands of papers and collaborations. The (heritable) traits of curiosity, boldness, warmth, interest in societally important questions, openness to new methods, ambition and collaborative skill to bring into being the infrastructure and samples needed for this research are rare, and we are grateful.
MeSH term(s)	Dyslexia/genetics ; Dyslexia/history ; Genome-Wide Association Study/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Language ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Reading ; Twin Studies as Topic/history ; Twins/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2182682-1
ISSN	1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
ISSN (online)	1839-2628
ISSN	1832-4274
DOI	10.1017/thg.2020.28
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Article ; Online: Apolipoprotein E and depressive symptoms: shared or independent routes to age-related cognitive decline?

Luciano, Michelle

Psychosomatic medicine

2014 Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 98–100

Abstract: Variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is associated with cognitive decline in normal aging. Increased symptoms of depression are also associated with greater cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in old age. Unlike APOE, where the ... ...

Abstract	Variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is associated with cognitive decline in normal aging. Increased symptoms of depression are also associated with greater cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in old age. Unlike APOE, where the direction of the effect is from genotype to cognitive decline, the causal relationship between depressed mood and cognitive impairment is not known. Rather than being a reaction to worsening cognitive performance with age, depressive symptoms might be a risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. The study by Rajan and colleagues (published in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine) speaks to this possibility and, importantly, considers the association between depressive symptoms and age-related cognitive decline in the context of APOE variation. This editorial discusses these findings in relation to causal pathways and highlights how longitudinal studies of this nature will improve our understanding of the biological underpinnings of cognitive decline and classification of its risk in the general population.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/psychology ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics ; Depression/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Apolipoproteins E
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3469-1
ISSN	1534-7796 ; 0033-3174
ISSN (online)	1534-7796
ISSN	0033-3174
DOI	10.1097/PSY.0000000000000030
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Article ; Online: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome trajectories and incident dementia over 10 years.

Mullin, Donncha S / Gadd, Danni / Russ, Tom C / Luciano, Michelle / Muniz-Terrera, Graciela

Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 100178

Abstract: Background: Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. The recent addition to the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. The recent addition to the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 of robust dementia outcomes enabled us to assess the prognostic value of MCR for dementia and explore the various trajectories of participants diagnosed with MCR. Methods: We classified 680 community-dwelling participants free from dementia into non-MCR or MCR groups at mean [SD] age 76.3 [0.8] years. We used Cox and competing risk regression methods, adjusted for potential confounders, to evaluate the risk of developing all-cause incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up. Secondarily, we followed the trajectories for individuals with and without MCR at baseline and categorised them into subgroups based on whether MCR was still present at the next research wave, three years later. Results: The presence of MCR increased the risk of incident dementia (adjusted HR 2.34, 95%CI 1.14-4.78, Conclusion: MCR showed similar prognostic ability for dementia in a Scottish cohort as for other populations. MCR could identify a target group for early interventions of modifiable risk factors to prevent incident dementia. This study illustrates the heterogeneous nature of MCR progression. Exploring the underlying reasons will be important work in future work.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-2450
ISSN (online)	2666-2450
DOI	10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100178
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Article ; Online: Cognitive aging and experience of playing a musical instrument.

Okely, Judith A / Cox, Simon R / Deary, Ian J / Luciano, Michelle / Overy, Katie

Psychology and aging

2023 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 696–711

Abstract: Musical instrument training has been found to be associated with higher cognitive performance in older age. However, it is not clear whether this association reflects a reduced rate of cognitive decline in older age (differential preservation), and/or ... ...

Abstract	Musical instrument training has been found to be associated with higher cognitive performance in older age. However, it is not clear whether this association reflects a reduced rate of cognitive decline in older age (differential preservation), and/or the persistence of cognitive advantages associated with childhood musical training (preserved differentiation). It is also unclear whether this association is consistent across different cognitive domains. Our sample included 420 participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Between ages 70 and 82, participants had completed the same 13 cognitive tests (every 3 years), measuring the cognitive domains of verbal ability, verbal memory, processing speed, and visuospatial ability. At age 82, participants reported their lifetime musical experiences; 40% had played a musical instrument, mostly in childhood and adolescence. In minimally adjusted models, participants with greater experience playing a musical instrument tended to perform better across each cognitive domain at age 70 and this association persisted at subsequent waves up to age 82. After controlling for additional covariates (childhood cognitive ability, years of education, socioeconomic status, and health variables), only associations with processing speed (β = 0.131,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Cognitive Aging ; Aging/psychology ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Cognition ; Memory
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	635596-1
ISSN	1939-1498 ; 0882-7974
ISSN (online)	1939-1498
ISSN	0882-7974
DOI	10.1037/pag0000768
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