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Article ; Online: Human follicular helper T lymphocytes critical players in antibody responses

Giovana Toledo Alonso / Denilson Stork Fomin / Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Einstein (São Paulo), Vol

2021 Volume 19

Abstract: ABSTRACT Follicular helper T lymphocytes are a subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes initially identified in germinal centers of follicles found in secondary lymphoid organs. The primary function of follicular helper T lymphocytes is to help B lymphocytes’ ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT Follicular helper T lymphocytes are a subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes initially identified in germinal centers of follicles found in secondary lymphoid organs. The primary function of follicular helper T lymphocytes is to help B lymphocytes’ antibody production. Changing of antibody class and affinity, B cell differentiation and memory generation depend on cooperation between follicular helper T lymphocytes and B cells. In blood, follicular helper T lymphocytes are called circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes. They are considered to have specificities similar to those developed in the secondary lymphoid organs. The phenotype of human follicular helper T lymphocytes is given by simultaneous expression of the markers CXCR5, Bcl-6, CD40L, PD-1, and ICOS. In germinal centers, follicular helper T lymphocytes synthesize interleukin 21 as predominant cytokine. In blood, subpopulations of circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes can be recognized, with different expressions of the classical follicular helper T lymphocytes markers and, in addition, can express other markers such as CXCR3 and CCR6. Presently, there is great interest in follicular helper T lymphocytes and circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes in vaccination studies as indicators of immunization efficacy. In addition, follicular helper T lymphocytes are investigated as possible markers of activity in many diseases and potential therapeutic intervention. This short review describes aspects of immunobiology and quantification of follicular helper T lymphocytes and circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes, and presents a few examples of related findings in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV infection and vaccination.
Keywords	Follicular CD4 T cells ; Germinal center ; B-lymphocytes ; T-lymphocytes ; Antibodies ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the prevention of post–COVID-19 conditions

Alexandre R. Marra / Takaaki Kobayashi / Hiroyuki Suzuki / Mohammed Alsuhaibani / Shinya Hasegawa / Joseph Tholany / Eli Perencevich / Aline Miho Maezato / Victoria Catharina Volpe Ricardo / Jorge L. Salinas / Michael B. Edmond / Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, Vol

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Abstract Background: Although multiple studies have revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can reduce COVID-19–related outcomes, little is known about their impact on post–COVID-19 conditions. We performed a systematic literature ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: Although multiple studies have revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can reduce COVID-19–related outcomes, little is known about their impact on post–COVID-19 conditions. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination against post–COVID-19 conditions (ie, long COVID). Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 1, 2019, to April 27, 2022, for studies evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against post–COVID-19 conditions among individuals who received at least 1 dose of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, or Janssen vaccine. A post–COVID-19 condition was defined as any symptom that was present 3 or more weeks after having COVID-19. Editorials, commentaries, reviews, study protocols, and studies in the pediatric population were excluded. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for post–COVID-19 conditions between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR). Results: In total, 10 studies with 1,600,830 individuals evaluated the effect of vaccination on post–COVID-19 conditions, of which 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for post–COVID-19 conditions among individuals vaccinated with at least 1 dose was 0.708 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.692–0.725) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 29.2% (95% CI, 27.5%–30.8%). The vaccine effectiveness was 35.3% (95% CI, 32.3%–38.1%) among those who received the COVID-19 vaccine before having COVID-19, and 27.4% (95% CI, 25.4%–29.3%) among those who received it after having COVID-19. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination both before and after having COVID-19 significantly decreased post–COVID-19 conditions for the circulating variants during the study period although vaccine effectiveness was low.
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines

Alexandre R. Marra / Takaaki Kobayashi / Hiroyuki Suzuki / Mohammed Alsuhaibani / Marin L. Schweizer / Daniel J. Diekema / Bruna Marques Tofaneto / Luigi Makowski Bariani / Mariana de Amorim Auler / Jorge L. Salinas / Michael B. Edmond / João Renato Rebello Pinho / Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, Vol

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Abstract Background: Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominent. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of long-term vaccine effectiveness. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to November 15, 2021, for studies evaluating the long-term vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals who received 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, or AstraZeneca vaccines, or 1 dose of the Janssen vaccine. Long-term was defined as >5 months after the last dose. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR). Results: In total, 16 studies including 17,939,172 individuals evaluated long-term vaccine effectiveness and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for COVID-19 was 0.158 (95% CI: 0.157-0.160) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84.2% (95% CI, 84.0- 84.3%). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was 88.7% (95% CI, 55.8%–97.1%). Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the δ variant period was 61.2% (95% CI, 59.0%–63.3%). Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization across a long-term period for the circulating variants during the study period. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccine effectiveness of mixing COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough infection, and vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging variants.
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: From bone marrow transplantation to complex biological therapy

Luciana Cavalheiro Marti / Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Einstein (São Paulo), Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 244-

2011 Volume 246

Abstract: The major complications after bone marrow transplant are related to opportunistic infections or to graft-versus-host disease. Today, there is a wealth of information associated with bone marrow transplantation and new treatment approaches have been ... ...

Abstract	The major complications after bone marrow transplant are related to opportunistic infections or to graft-versus-host disease. Today, there is a wealth of information associated with bone marrow transplantation and new treatment approaches have been proposed to overcome these complications. Behind these new therapies, such as adoptive transfer of T cells or mesenchymal stem cell infusions, there is significant basic research to support these clinical advances. Most of this knowledge has derived from the development of animal models and intense laboratory work to test and confirm hypotheses. There is no doubt that basic research is still necessary to better understand the basis for clinical outcome improvements.
Keywords	Bone marrow transplantation ; Biological therapy ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: From bone marrow transplantation to complex biological therapy

Luciana Cavalheiro Marti / Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Einstein (São Paulo), Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 244-

2011 Volume 246

Abstract: The major complications after bone marrow transplant are related toopportunistic infections or to graft-versus-host disease. Today, there is a wealth of information associated with bone marrow transplantation and new treatment approaches have been ... ...

Abstract	The major complications after bone marrow transplant are related toopportunistic infections or to graft-versus-host disease. Today, there is a wealth of information associated with bone marrow transplantation and new treatment approaches have been proposed to overcome these complications. Behind these new therapies, such as adoptive transfer of T cells or mesenchymal stem cell infusions, there is significant basic research to support these clinical advances. Most of this knowledge has derived from the development of animal models and intense laboratory work to test and confirm hypotheses. There is no doubt that basic research is still necessary to better understand the basis for clinical outcome improvements.
Keywords	Bone marrow transplantation ; Biological therapy ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The short-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among healthcare workers

Alexandre R. Marra / Takaaki Kobayashi / Hiroyuki Suzuki / Mohammed Alsuhaibani / Bruna Marques Tofaneto / Luigi Makowski Bariani / Mariana de Amorim Auler / Jorge L. Salinas / Michael B. Edmond / João Renato Rebello Pinho / Luiz Vicente Rizzo / Marin L. Schweizer

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, Vol

a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: Abstract Objective: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of COVID-19 due to high levels of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Thus, effective vaccines are needed. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on COVID-19 short-term vaccine ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Objective: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of COVID-19 due to high levels of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Thus, effective vaccines are needed. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on COVID-19 short-term vaccine effectiveness among HCWs. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to June 11, 2021, for studies evaluating vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 among HCWs. To meta-analyze the extracted data, we calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR). We also performed a stratified analysis for vaccine effectiveness by vaccination status: 1 dose and 2 doses of the vaccine. Results: We included 13 studies, including 173,742 HCWs evaluated for vaccine effectiveness in the meta-analysis. The vast majority (99.9%) of HCWs were vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The pooled DOR for symptomatic COVID-19 among vaccinated HCWs was 0.072 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.028–0.184) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 92.8% (95% CI, 81.6%–97.2%). In stratified analyses, the estimated vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 among HCWs who had received 1 dose of vaccine was 82.1% (95% CI, 46.1%–94.1%) and the vaccine effectiveness among HCWs who had received 2 doses was 93.5% (95% CI, 82.5%–97.6%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic COVID-19, even with 1 dose. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of other COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough after vaccination, and vaccine efficacy against new variants.
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Epidemiologic and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in Brazil

Vanessa Damazio Teich / Sidney Klajner / Felipe Augusto Santiago de Almeida / Anna Carolina Batista Dantas / Claudia Regina Laselva / Mariana Galvani Torritesi / Tatiane Ramos Canero / Otávio Berwanger / Luiz Vicente Rizzo / Eduardo Pontes Reis / Miguel Cendoroglo Neto

Einstein (São Paulo), Vol

2020 Volume 18

Abstract: ABSTRACT Objective This study describes epidemiological and clinical features of patients with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 diagnosed and treated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , which admitted the first patients with this condition in Brazil. ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT Objective This study describes epidemiological and clinical features of patients with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 diagnosed and treated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , which admitted the first patients with this condition in Brazil. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo, Brazil, from February until March 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were analyzed. Results A total of 510 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study. Most patients were male (56.9%) with a mean age of 40 years. A history of a close contact with a positive/suspected case was reported by 61.1% of patients and 34.4% had a history of recent international travel. The most common symptoms upon presentation were fever (67.5%), nasal congestion (42.4%), cough (41.6%) and myalgia/arthralgia (36.3%). Chest computed tomography was performed in 78 (15.3%) patients, and 93.6% of those showed abnormal results. Hospitalization was required for 72 (14%) patients and 20 (27.8%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Regarding clinical treatment, the most often used medicines were intravenous antibiotics (84.7%), chloroquine (45.8%) and oseltamivir (31.9%). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required by 65% of Intensive Care Unit patients. The mean length of stay was 9 days for all patients (22 and 7 days for patients requiring or not intensive care, respectively). Only one patient (1.38%) died during follow-up. Conclusion These results may be relevant for Brazil and other countries with similar characteristics, which are starting to deal with this pandemic.
Keywords	Communicable diseases ; Lung diseases/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus infections ; Epidemiology ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Elevated Toxoplasma gondii Infection Rates for Retinas from Eye Banks, Southern Brazil

Alessandra G. Commodaro / Melissa Chiasson / Natarajan Sundar / Luiz Vicente Rizzo / Rubens Belfort / Michael E. Grigg

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 22, Iss 4, Pp 691-

2016 Volume 693

Abstract: We found significantly higher incidence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in eye bank specimens from Joinville in southern Brazil (13/15, 87%) than in São Paulo (3/42, 7%; p = 2.1 × 10E–8). PCR DNA sequence analysis was more sensitive at locus NTS2 than at locus ... ...

Abstract	We found significantly higher incidence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in eye bank specimens from Joinville in southern Brazil (13/15, 87%) than in São Paulo (3/42, 7%; p = 2.1 × 10E–8). PCR DNA sequence analysis was more sensitive at locus NTS2 than at locus B1; a high frequency of mixed co-infections was detected.
Keywords	ocular toxoplasmosis ; serotype ; Toxoplasma gondii ; genotype ; retina ; parasites ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Aging and immunology

Irina Ewers / Luiz Vicente Rizzo / Jorge Kalil Filho

Einstein (São Paulo), Vol 6, Iss S1, Pp S13-S

2008 Volume 20

Abstract: Immunosenescence is the term to describe the changesassociated with the progressive decrease in immune functionsuch as increasing in the susceptibility to infectious diseases,autoimmunity and cancer of individuals after 60 years of age.This decrease in ... ...

Abstract	Immunosenescence is the term to describe the changesassociated with the progressive decrease in immune functionsuch as increasing in the susceptibility to infectious diseases,autoimmunity and cancer of individuals after 60 years of age.This decrease in immune function is associated with changes thatcan occur in each step of the triggering of an immune response.The process leading to this decay is multifactorial and complexinvolving diverse changes and reorganization in the regulatorypathways of the immune system, as well as changes in theeffectors functions rather than simply a unidirectional decline inoverall functions.
Keywords	Immune system/physiopathology ; Aging ; Cytokines ; Autoimmunity ; T-Lymphocytes ; Regulatory ; Apoptosis ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New Players in the Same Old Game

Pedro Henrique Papotto / Solange Maeda / Jane Tomimori / Marília Brasil Xavier / Luiz Vicente Rizzo / Esper Georges Kallas / Karina Inácio Carvalho

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e

Disturbance of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium leprae Co-infected Patients.

2015 Volume 0004030

Abstract: Leprosy control is achieved through a fine-tuning of TH1 and TH2 immune response pattern balance. Given the increasing epidemiological overlay of HIV and M. leprae infections, immune response in co-infected patients consists in an important contemporary ... ...

Abstract	Leprosy control is achieved through a fine-tuning of TH1 and TH2 immune response pattern balance. Given the increasing epidemiological overlay of HIV and M. leprae infections, immune response in co-infected patients consists in an important contemporary issue. Here we describe for the first time the innate lymphoid cells compartment in peripheral blood of leprosy and HIV/M. leprae co-infected patients, and show that co-infection increases group 2 innate lymphoid whilst decreasing group 1 innate lymphoid cells frequencies and function.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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