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Article ; Online: Responsiveness and Adaptability of Healthcare Facilities in Emergency Scenarios: COVID-19 Experience.

Łukasik, Marta / Porębska, Anna

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 2

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed many vulnerabilities of the contemporary built environment along with limited preparedness and low efficiency in mitigating unexpected and unprecedented challenges. This article discusses the efficiency and responsiveness ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic revealed many vulnerabilities of the contemporary built environment along with limited preparedness and low efficiency in mitigating unexpected and unprecedented challenges. This article discusses the efficiency and responsiveness of basic hospital spatial layouts in three different scenarios: normal operation; the segregation of a large number of patients and still providing them with access to emergency healthcare, typical for a pandemic; and a sudden, extremely high number of admissions typical for compound disasters and terrorist attacks. A set of parameters and a method for general adaptability assessment (GAAT) that can be used as a tool in decision-making processes as well as evaluation of both existing facilities and the new models for resilient hospitals resulting from the experience of the pandemic are proposed. The paper emphasizes why factors among which adaptability, convertibility, and scalability should be at the very core of hospital development and management strategies. It also discusses new models of adaptable healthcare facilities that enable day-to-day operations to continue alongside a pandemic, and other emergency scenarios.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disaster Planning ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19020675
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Article: Coaching as a Buffer for Organisational Change.

Huflejt-Łukasik, Mirosława / Jędrzejczyk, Jan / Podlaś, Piotr

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 841804

Abstract: When introducing changes to an organisation, it is crucial to know how a given change will affect the company's success. It is easy to forget or, more frequently, fail to appreciate the importance of the feelings and thoughts of the people who experience ...

Abstract	When introducing changes to an organisation, it is crucial to know how a given change will affect the company's success. It is easy to forget or, more frequently, fail to appreciate the importance of the feelings and thoughts of the people who experience such changes. The distinction between objective change and subjective change is helpful in understanding the psychological consequences of changes and how they may affect the effectiveness of introducing changes in organisations. Results of studies on the psychological costs of changes for an individual indicate that there are differences in the way people experience objective and subjective changes, and that the way a change is perceived by an individual (i.e., subjective change) is crucial for the consequences of change. Studies have also identified factors which can buffer the negative consequences that changes may have on an individual. For changes in an organisation, coaching is one method to nurture these buffering factors in affected individuals, and, most of all, in those who are responsible for planning and introducing the changes, so that the employees of a company can experience the change in the most constructive way possible.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841804
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Book ; Online: It's an Alignment, Not a Trade-off

Chen, Lin / Lukasik, Michal / Jitkrittum, Wittawat / You, Chong / Kumar, Sanjiv

Revisiting Bias and Variance in Deep Models

2023

Abstract: Classical wisdom in machine learning holds that the generalization error can be decomposed into bias and variance, and these two terms exhibit a \emph{trade-off}. However, in this paper, we show that for an ensemble of deep learning based classification ... ...

Abstract	Classical wisdom in machine learning holds that the generalization error can be decomposed into bias and variance, and these two terms exhibit a \emph{trade-off}. However, in this paper, we show that for an ensemble of deep learning based classification models, bias and variance are \emph{aligned} at a sample level, where squared bias is approximately \emph{equal} to variance for correctly classified sample points. We present empirical evidence confirming this phenomenon in a variety of deep learning models and datasets. Moreover, we study this phenomenon from two theoretical perspectives: calibration and neural collapse. We first show theoretically that under the assumption that the models are well calibrated, we can observe the bias-variance alignment. Second, starting from the picture provided by the neural collapse theory, we show an approximate correlation between bias and variance.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Affective Attitudes in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Dynamics of Negative Emotions and a Sense of Threat in Poles in the First Wave of the Pandemic.

Szuster, Anna / Huflejt-Łukasik, Miroslawa / Karwowska, Dorota / Pastwa, Maciej / Laszczkowska, Zuzanna / Imbir, Kamil K

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 20

Abstract: For millions of people, the COVID-19 pandemic situation and its accompanying restrictions have been a source of threat and confrontation with negative emotions. The pandemic's universal and long-term character, as well as the ensuing drastic limitation ... ...

Abstract	For millions of people, the COVID-19 pandemic situation and its accompanying restrictions have been a source of threat and confrontation with negative emotions. The pandemic's universal and long-term character, as well as the ensuing drastic limitation of control over one's life, have made it necessary to work out adaptive strategies that would reduce negative experiences and eventually lead to the restoration of well-being. The aim of this research was to identify strategies that people use in response to a long-term threat that restore affective balance and a subjective sense of security. We registered selected manifestations of affective reactions to the pandemic situation. The researchers focused on the dynamics of changes in the areas of (1) experienced negative emotions (asked in an indirect way) and (2) a subjective feeling of threat regarding the pandemic (in three different contexts: Poland, Europe, and worldwide) during the first phase of the pandemic in Poland. It was expected that both the negative emotions and the sense of threat would decrease with time. In addition, it was anticipated that the physical distance would modify the assessment of the situation as threatening depending on the geographical proximity: in Poland, Europe, and worldwide. We used the mixed quasi-experimental design in the series of four studies conducted by Internet in March, May, June, and July 2020. The intensity of negative emotions and the sense of threat caused by the pandemic situation in Poland, Europe, and worldwide were measured. Despite the objective number of confirmed COVID-19 cases during each of the stages of the study, both the intensity of emotions attributed by participants as well as the feeling of threat were found to have decreased. In addition, surprisingly, a reversed effect of the distance was revealed: namely, a sense of threat experienced towards distant locations (Europe and the world) was found to be more acute when compared with the threat experienced in Poland. The obtained results are interpreted as a manifestation of adaptive perception of the threat that lies beyond one's control, which takes the form of unconscious, biased distortions: unrealistic optimism. The decrease in the intensity of negative emotions explains unrealistic absolute optimism, while the perception of the situation in Poland as less threatening than in Europe and around the world is predicted by unrealistic comparative optimism.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Emotions ; Attitude ; Poland/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph192013497
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Article: New insights on the link between body composition, nutritional status and physical performance in elderly outpatients.

Fatyga-Kotula, Paulina / Wizner, Barbara / Fedyk-Łukasik, Małgorzata / Grodzicki, Tomasz / Skalska, Anna

Folia medica Cracoviensia

2022 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 37–48

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between body composition, nutritional status and physical ability in elderly outpatients.: Method: . In this cross-sectional study, demographic data and medical history were collected ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between body composition, nutritional status and physical ability in elderly outpatients. Method: . In this cross-sectional study, demographic data and medical history were collected from patients aged ≥60 years followed in the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic from October 2010 to February 2014. Body composition was examined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance was assessed by gait speed (GS), Timed Up&Go Test (TUG), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and serum albumin level. Results: Mean age (± SD) of 76 patients (64.47% men) was 71.93 ± 8.88 yrs. The most common diseases were: hypertension (89.47%), coronary heart disease (81.58%) and chronic heart failure (68.4%). In multiple regression analyses, the factors significantly affecting GS were: age (B = - 0.017, p ≤0.0001), good nutritional status (B = 0.038, p <0.01) and percent of lower extremity fat (B = - 0.009, p <0.05). Longer TUG time was associated with poorer nutritional status (B = -0.031, p <0.01), older age (B = 0.01, p <0.01) and a higher number of comorbidities (B = 0.034, p <0.05). 6MWT was influenced negatively by age (B = -3.805, p <0.01) and percent of lower extremity fat (B = -2.474, p <0.05). Conclusions: Age and nutritional status remain a strong determinant of physical fitness deterioration. Different measures of physical performance are influenced by different elements of body composition - no single element of body composition was found determining the deterioration of all assessed parameters of physical fitness. Identifying the relationship between body composition, nutritional status and physical performance can help elucidate the causes of disability and target preventive measures.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Nutritional Status ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Outpatients ; Body Composition ; Physical Functional Performance ; Serum Albumin ; Geriatric Assessment
Chemical Substances	Serum Albumin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412415-7
ISSN	0015-5616
ISSN	0015-5616
DOI	10.24425/fmc.2022.141698
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Article ; Online: Predictors of pretraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.

Łyś, Agnieszka E / Huflejt-Łukasik, Mirosława / Gambin, Małgorzata / Studzińska, Anna / Bargiel-Matusiewicz, Kamilla / Oleksy, Tomasz / Wnuk, Anna / Pankowski, Daniel

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0290151

Abstract: Background: Pretraumatic stress has the same symptoms as post-traumatic stress but instead pertains to anticipated threats. There is evidence that pretraumatic stress occurs among soldiers and pregnant people.: Objective: We analyzed correlates of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pretraumatic stress has the same symptoms as post-traumatic stress but instead pertains to anticipated threats. There is evidence that pretraumatic stress occurs among soldiers and pregnant people. Objective: We analyzed correlates of pretraumatic stress concerning the threat of COVID-19 infection. Method: Our pilot study was cross-sectional (N = 74); our main study was longitudinal and consisted of three waves (N = 1067, N = 894, and N = 752 for Waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Our pilot study used correlation and multiple linear regression. Our main study used quadratic regression and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Results: The pilot study found that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with agreeableness (r = .24, p < .01) and negatively correlated with emotional stability (r = -.30, p < .01) and intellect/imagination (r = -.37, p < .01). The main study demonstrated that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with other measures of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and with perceived positive aspects of the pandemic (r = .11, p < .01). There is evidence of a U-shaped relationship between pretraumatic stress and perceived positive aspects of the pandemic. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis demonstrated that pretraumatic stress in Wave 2 was negatively predicted by levels of prosocial behavior in Wave 1 (B = -1.130, p < .01). Conclusion: Mental health professionals should take into account pretraumatic stress, not only as a possible consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak but more generally as a risk in situations that are new, difficult, and challenging for people.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Poland/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pandemics ; Pilot Projects ; Nonoxynol
Chemical Substances	Nonoxynol (26027-38-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290151
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Article ; Online: Temporal changes in regulatory T cell subsets defined by the transcription factor Helios in stroke and their potential role in stroke-associated infection: a prospective case-control study.

Lukasik, Maria / Telec, Magdalena / Kazmierski, Radoslaw / Wojtasz, Izabela / Andrzejewska-Gorczyńska, Natalia / Kociemba, Wojciech / Dworacki, Grzegorz / Kozubski, Wojciech P / Frydrychowicz, Magdalena

Journal of neuroinflammation

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 275

Abstract: Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the systemic immune response after ischemic stroke. However, their role remains unclear, and the effect appears to be both neuroprotective and detrimental. Treg suppressor function may result in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the systemic immune response after ischemic stroke. However, their role remains unclear, and the effect appears to be both neuroprotective and detrimental. Treg suppressor function may result in immunodepression and promote stroke-associated infection (SAI). Thus we assume that the bidirectional effects of Tregs may be in part attributed to the intracellular transcription factor Helios. Tregs with Helios expression (H+ Tregs) constitute 70-90% of all Treg cells and more frequently than Helios-negative Tregs (H- Tregs) express molecules recognized as markers of Tregs with suppressor abilities. Methods and results: We prospectively assessed the circulating Treg population with flow cytometry in 52 subjects on days 1, 3, 10 and 90 after ischemic stroke and we compared the results with those obtained in concurrent age-, sex- and vascular risk factor-matched controls. At all studied time points the percentage of H+ Tregs decreased in stroke subjects-D1: 69.1% p < 0.0001; D3: 62.5% (49.6-76.6), p < 0.0001; D10: 60.9% (56.5-72.9), p < 0.0001; D90: 79.2% (50.2-91.7), p = 0.014 vs. controls: 92.7% (81.9-97.0) and the percentage of H- Tregs increased accordingly. In patients with SAI the percentage of pro-suppressor H+ Tregs on post-stroke day 3 was higher than in those without infection (p = 0.03). After adjustment for confounders, the percentage of H+ Tregs on day 3 independently correlated with SAI [OR 1.29; CI 95%: 1.08-1.27); p = 0.02]. Although the percentage of H+ Tregs on day 3 correlated positively with NIHSS score on day 90 (rS = 0.62; p < 0.01) and the infarct volume at day 90 (rS = 0.58; p < 0.05), in regression analysis it was not an independent risk factor. Conclusions: On the first day after stroke the proportion of H+ vs. H- Tregs changes in favor of pro-inflammatory H- Tregs, and this shift continues toward normalization when assessed on day 90. A higher percentage of pro-suppressive H+ Tregs on day 3 independently correlates with SAI and is associated positively with NIHSS score, but it does not independently affect the outcome and stroke area in the convalescent phase of stroke.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Ischemic Stroke/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Chemical Substances	Forkhead Transcription Factors ; IKZF2 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2156455-3
ISSN	1742-2094 ; 1742-2094
ISSN (online)	1742-2094
ISSN	1742-2094
DOI	10.1186/s12974-023-02957-w
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Article ; Online: Fatigue after COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients according to sex.

Mazurkiewicz, Iwona / Chatys-Bogacka, Zaneta / Slowik, Joanna / Klich-Raczka, Alicja / Fedyk-Lukasik, Malgorzata / Slowik, Agnieszka / Wnuk, Marcin / Drabik, Leszek

Brain and behavior

2023 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) e2849

Abstract: Background: Limited evidence exists on sex differences in post-COVID fatigue among non-hospitalized patients. Therefore, aim of the study was to evaluate the course of chronic fatigue symptoms in non-hospitalized subjects with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Limited evidence exists on sex differences in post-COVID fatigue among non-hospitalized patients. Therefore, aim of the study was to evaluate the course of chronic fatigue symptoms in non-hospitalized subjects with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to sex. Methods: Patients and staff from the University Hospital in Krakow anonymously and retrospectively completed neuropsychological questionnaire that included eight symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. The presence of these symptoms was assessed before COVID-19 and 0-4, 4-12, and >12 weeks postinfection. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age 18 or more years, >12 weeks since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and diagnosis confirmed by the RT-PCR from anasopharyngeal swab. Results: We included 303 patients (79.53% women, 47.52% medical personnel) assessed retrospectively after a median of 30 (interquartile range: 23-35) weeks since the onset of symptoms. A higher prevalence of at least one chronic fatigue symptom was found in females in all time intervals after the onset of COVID-19 compared to males (p < .036). Women, compared to men, more often experienced persistent fatigue, not caused by effort and persisting after rest (for <4 weeks, odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-4.73; for 4-12 weeks, OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.06-3.61), non-restorative sleep (for <4 weeks, OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.23-3.81; for >12 weeks, OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03-3.71), and sore throat (for <4 weeks, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.03-3.78; for 4-12 weeks, OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.05-7.27). Sex differences in headache, arthralgia, and prolonged postexercise fatigue were observed only during the first 4 weeks (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.45-4.60, OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.02-8.64, and OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01-3.51, respectively). There were no differences between women and men in myalgia and self-reported lymph node enlargement. Conclusions: The course of post-COVID fatigue differs significantly between sexes in non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19, with women more often suffering from persistent fatigue, not caused by effort and persisting after rest, non-restorative sleep, and sore throat.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adolescent ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/epidemiology ; Headache
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2623587-0
ISSN	2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
ISSN (online)	2162-3279
ISSN	2162-3279
DOI	10.1002/brb3.2849
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Article ; Online: Six-Gene Signature for Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Decisions in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer-A Validation Study.

Charkiewicz, Radoslaw / Sulewska, Anetta / Karabowicz, Piotr / Lapuc, Grzegorz / Charkiewicz, Alicja / Kraska, Marcin / Pancewicz, Joanna / Lukasik, Malgorzata / Kozlowski, Miroslaw / Stec, Rafal / Ziembicka, Dominika / Piszcz, Weronika / Miltyk, Wojciech / Niklinska, Wieslawa

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 7

Abstract: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a challenge due to its heterogeneity, necessitating precise histopathological subtyping and prognostication for optimal treatment decision-making. Molecular markers emerge as a potential solution, overcoming the ... ...

Abstract	Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a challenge due to its heterogeneity, necessitating precise histopathological subtyping and prognostication for optimal treatment decision-making. Molecular markers emerge as a potential solution, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods and supporting the diagnostic-therapeutic interventions. In this study, we validated the expression of six genes (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25073607
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Book ; Online: What do larger image classifiers memorise?

Lukasik, Michal / Nagarajan, Vaishnavh / Rawat, Ankit Singh / Menon, Aditya Krishna / Kumar, Sanjiv

2023

Abstract: The success of modern neural networks has prompted study of the connection between memorisation and generalisation: overparameterised models generalise well, despite being able to perfectly fit (memorise) completely random labels. To carefully study this ...

Abstract	The success of modern neural networks has prompted study of the connection between memorisation and generalisation: overparameterised models generalise well, despite being able to perfectly fit (memorise) completely random labels. To carefully study this issue, Feldman proposed a metric to quantify the degree of memorisation of individual training examples, and empirically computed the corresponding memorisation profile of a ResNet on image classification bench-marks. While an exciting first glimpse into what real-world models memorise, this leaves open a fundamental question: do larger neural models memorise more? We present a comprehensive empirical analysis of this question on image classification benchmarks. We find that training examples exhibit an unexpectedly diverse set of memorisation trajectories across model sizes: most samples experience decreased memorisation under larger models, while the rest exhibit cap-shaped or increasing memorisation. We show that various proxies for the Feldman memorization score fail to capture these fundamental trends. Lastly, we find that knowledge distillation, an effective and popular model compression technique, tends to inhibit memorisation, while also improving generalisation. Specifically, memorisation is mostly inhibited on examples with increasing memorisation trajectories, thus pointing at how distillation improves generalisation.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Machine Learning (cs.LG) ; Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Machine Learning (stat.ML)
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-10-08
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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