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Article ; Online: Eating disorders and substance use: Examining associations among US college students.

Qeadan, Fares / English, Kevin / Luke, Amy / Egbert, Jamie

The International journal of eating disorders

2023 Volume 56, Issue 5, Page(s) 956–968

Abstract: Objective: To investigate associations between reported eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis, substance misuse, and illicit drug use among US college students.: Method: Data consisting of n = 414,299 students' ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate associations between reported eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis, substance misuse, and illicit drug use among US college students. Method: Data consisting of n = 414,299 students' responses to the National College Health Assessment survey conducted by the American College Health Association between fall 2015 and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were used to determine the association of reported ED diagnosis with reported SUD diagnosis, misuse of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine/methamphetamine, sedatives, hallucinogens, opiates, inhalants, MDMA, and other club drugs, as well as illicit use of prescription pain killers, prescription sedatives, and prescription stimulants. A sensitivity analysis investigating associations between reported anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and each substance use outcome was also conducted. Results: Among all in our analytic cohort, 7.15% reported receiving an ED diagnosis or being treated for an ED in the last 12 months. Students with ED indications were significantly more likely to report each of the substance use outcomes investigated in this study, including SUD diagnosis (aOR: 7.43; 95% CI: 6.98, 7.92; p < .0001), opiate misuse (aOR: 8.35; 95% CI: 7.38, 9.45; p < .0001), and misuse of other club drugs (aOR: 10.37; 95% CI: 9.10, 11.81; p < .0001) than peers without reported EDs. Both AN and BN were associated with an increased likelihood of SUD diagnosis. Discussion: These findings demonstrate strong associations between EDs and the most extensive list of substance use outcomes explored in the context of college setting ED research to date.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Students ; Illicit Drugs ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
Chemical Substances	Illicit Drugs ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603170-5
ISSN	1098-108X ; 0276-3478
ISSN (online)	1098-108X
ISSN	0276-3478
DOI	10.1002/eat.23892
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Article ; Online: Intersectionality of demographic characteristics in self-reported anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and probable eating disorders among college students.

Egbert, Jamie / Luke, Amy / Qeadan, Fares

The International journal of eating disorders

2023 Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 132–145

Abstract: Objective: To investigate associations between identity intersectionality, with a primary focus on minority identity, and probable eating disorders (EDs) within the US college student population.: Method: Data consisting of n = 414,299 college ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate associations between identity intersectionality, with a primary focus on minority identity, and probable eating disorders (EDs) within the US college student population. Method: Data consisting of n = 414,299 college students' responses to the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment between fall 2015 and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Overall and stratified adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess the association between different facets of identity (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation) and probable EDs. Results: Among all, in our analytic sample, 7.15% reported a probable ED. Interactions between all three identity variables were significant, and thus stratified odds ratios were evaluated. Transgender men were significantly more likely to report probable ED than cisgender male peers within the following racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White (aOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 2.79, 3.96; p < .0001), non-Hispanic Black (aOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.72, 6.28; p = .0003), Hispanic (aOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.43; p < .0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (aOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.30; p = .0002), Biracial or Multicultural (aOR: 3.36; 95% CI: 2.17, 5.22; p < .0001), and other (aOR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.25, 7.79; p < .0001). Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of increasing our understanding of interactions between marginalized identities and the ways in which minority identity informs ED risk. Public significance: The impact of multiple marginalized identities on ED outcomes is not well understood. Our study expands on previous ACHA-NCHA studies by addressing identity intersectionality, looking at more than one identity at a time (i.e., specifically race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation). Our results contribute unique risk profiles for students who identify with multiple marginalized groups. Further, they indicate that that these associations vary based on the compounded effect of the demographic factors considered.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; United States ; Gender Identity ; Bulimia Nervosa ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Self Report ; Intersectional Framework ; Ethnicity ; Students
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603170-5
ISSN	1098-108X ; 0276-3478
ISSN (online)	1098-108X
ISSN	0276-3478
DOI	10.1002/eat.24090
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Article ; Online: Assessment of maternal referral systems used for a rural Zambian hospital: the development of setting specific protocols for the identification of complications.

Benson, Ashley E / Benson, Michael J / Luke, Amy H

African health sciences

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 1536–1543

Abstract: Background: In resource-limited countries, it is estimated that up to 75% of maternal deaths are preventable. Maternal referral systems are an effective measure to help prevent these deaths.: Objective: The objective of this study was to delineate ... ...

Abstract	Background: In resource-limited countries, it is estimated that up to 75% of maternal deaths are preventable. Maternal referral systems are an effective measure to help prevent these deaths. Objective: The objective of this study was to delineate criteria that health care workers use to identify obstetrical emergencies and make referrals, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the established referral system and to implement improvements to this system. Methods: Using a qualitative study design, the individuals with the highest level of formal obstetrics training at 10 health posts that refer to a rural Zambian hospital were surveyed using semi-structured interviews regarding their referral protocols. Data were analyzed through open-coding. At the conclusion of the interview, standardized referral protocols for obstetric emergencies derived from published guidelines and local practices were distributed. Results: Identified complications resulting in referral most commonly included post-partum hemorrhage (70%), prolonged labor (70%), malpresentation (50%), antepartum hemorrhage (40%), and retained placenta (40%). While numerous reasons for referral were identified, there was little consensus on the referral protocol used for each complication. Obstacles to successful referral most commonly included cellular network disruptions (70%), distance (50%), and lack of transportation (30%).The referral protocols distributed to health posts covered only 11 of the 23 complications cited as the most common reason for referral. Conclusion: The referral criteria and protocols were updated to include all of the reported complications. We propose this document for others working in resource-limited settings attempting to establish or evaluate a maternal referral systems.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals, Rural/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Maternal Health Services/organization & administration ; Middle Aged ; Obstetric Labor Complications/prevention & control ; Postpartum Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Qualitative Research ; Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data ; Rural Health Services/standards ; Zambia
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-23
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2240308-5
ISSN	1729-0503 ; 1680-6905
ISSN (online)	1729-0503
ISSN	1680-6905
DOI	10.4314/ahs.v19i1.27
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Article ; Online: Associations between fears related to safety during sleep and self-reported sleep in men and women living in a low-socioeconomic status setting.

Correia, Arron T L / Forshaw, Philippa E / Roden, Laura C / Lipinska, Gosia / Rauch, H G Laurie / Lambert, Estelle V / Layden, Brian T / Reutrakul, Sirimon / Crowley, Stephanie J / Luke, Amy / Dugas, Lara R / Rae, Dale E

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3609

Abstract: South Africans living in low socioeconomic areas have self-reported unusually long sleep durations (approximately 9-10 h). One hypothesis is that these long durations may be a compensatory response to poor sleep quality as a result of stressful ... ...

Abstract	South Africans living in low socioeconomic areas have self-reported unusually long sleep durations (approximately 9-10 h). One hypothesis is that these long durations may be a compensatory response to poor sleep quality as a result of stressful environments. This study aimed to investigate whether fear of not being safe during sleep is associated with markers of sleep quality or duration in men and women. South Africans (n = 411, 25-50 y, 57% women) of African-origin living in an urban township, characterised by high crime and poverty rates, participated in this study. Participants are part of a larger longitudinal cohort study: Modelling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS)-Microbiome. Customised questions were used to assess the presence or absence of fears related to feeling safe during sleep, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index were used to assess daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and insomnia symptom severity respectively. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated that participants who reported fears related to safety during sleep were more likely to report poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) compared to participants not reporting such fears and that this relationship was stronger among men than women. This is one of the first studies outside American or European populations to suggest that poor quality sleep is associated with fear of personal safety in low-SES South African adults.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Self Report ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Sleep/physiology ; Fear ; Social Class ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-54032-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ethnicity and the BMI-body fat relationship.

Luke, Amy

The British journal of nutrition

2009 Volume 102, Issue 4, Page(s) 485–487

MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Ethnic Groups ; Global Health ; Humans ; Reference Values ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114508207233
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Article ; Online: Silhouette showcards confirm altered obesity-associated body image perception in international cohort study of African-origin populations.

Choo-Kang, Candice / Reese, Tyler O / Micklesfield, Lisa K / Bovet, Pascal / Bedu-Addo, Kweku / Forrester, Terrence / Gilbert, Jack A / Goedecke, Julia H / Plange-Rhule, Jacob / Lambert, Estelle V / Layden, Brian T / Rae, Dale E / Viswanathan, Bharathi / Luke, Amy / Dugas, Lara

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e065498

Abstract: Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and need for effective interventions, there is a growing interest in understanding how an individual's body image can inform obesity prevention and management. This study's objective was to examine ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and need for effective interventions, there is a growing interest in understanding how an individual's body image can inform obesity prevention and management. This study's objective was to examine the use of silhouette showcards to measure body size perception compared with measured body mass index, and assess body size dissatisfaction, in three different African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. An ancillary objective was to investigate associations between body size perception and dissatisfaction with diabetes and hypertension. Setting: Research visits were completed in local research clinics in respective countries. Participants: Seven hundred and fifty-one African-origin participants from the USA and the Republic of Seychelles (both high-income countries), and Ghana (low/middle-income country). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Silhouette showcards were used to measure perceived body size and body size dissatisfaction. Objectively measured body size was measured using a scale and stadiometer. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL and hypertension was defined as ≥130 mm Hg/80 mm Hg. Results: Most women and men from the USA and Seychelles had 'Perceived minus Actual weight status Discrepancy' scores less than 0, meaning they underestimated their actual body size. Similarly, most overweight or obese men and women also underestimated their body size, while normal weight men and women were accurately able to estimate their body size. Finally, participants with diabetes were able to accurately estimate their body size and similarly desired a smaller body size. Conclusions: This study highlights that overweight and obese women and men from countries spanning the epidemiological transition were unable to accurately perceive their actual body size. Understanding people's perception of their body size is critical to implementing successful obesity prevention programmes across the epidemiological transition.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/complications ; Body Image ; Cohort Studies ; Obesity/complications ; Body Mass Index ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Body Weight
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065498
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Article: Family-based lifestyle interventions: What makes them successful? A systematic literature review.

Arnason, Anne / Langarica, Nayeli / Dugas, Lara R / Mora, Nallely / Luke, Amy / Markossian, Talar

Preventive medicine reports

2020 Volume 21, Page(s) 101299

Abstract: Nearly one in five young people in the United States has obesity, putting one-fifth of America's children at higher risk of having chronic health conditions and of having obesity into adulthood. Family-based lifestyle interventions (FBLI) have been ... ...

Abstract	Nearly one in five young people in the United States has obesity, putting one-fifth of America's children at higher risk of having chronic health conditions and of having obesity into adulthood. Family-based lifestyle interventions (FBLI) have been proposed as effective mechanisms to improve the health through health education and the adoption of healthier behaviors. The aim of this review is to identify and summarize effective intervention activities and lessons learned that organizations can adopt when planning health promotion interventions for families, and to assess the effect of family-based lifestyle interventions on BMI z-score. A systematic review on lifestyle health-promotion interventions for families was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statements. Inclusion criteria were: duration ≥12 weeks and inclusion of family members. Summary data about the assessment tools, intervention strategies, and outcomes in parents and children were extracted and compared for all studies. A meta-analysis of BMI z-score change was conducted. Thirty-four articles were included in this review. Frequent strategies used were delivering education and training on healthy habits and well-being (94%), engaging community in the planning and implementation phases (80.6%) and providing reminders and feedback (47.2%). BMI z-score mean differences were reported in 40 cohorts and included in a meta-analysis, with no statistically significant differences between groups. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that components of a successful family lifestyle intervention program include duration between six to twelve months and delivery in a community setting. Other key factors include constructing a multidisciplinary team, using a mentor/role model approach, and reinforcing messaging with technology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101299
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gizamba, Jacob M / Davies, Jess / Africa, Chad / Choo-Kang, Candice / Goedecke, Julia H / Madlala, Hlengiwe / Lambert, Estelle V / Rae, Dale E / Myer, Landon / Luke, Amy / Dugas, Lara R

BMC infectious diseases

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 861

Abstract: Background: HIV has become a manageable chronic condition due to the success and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Globally, South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and research evidence indicates that countries ... ...

Abstract	Background: HIV has become a manageable chronic condition due to the success and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Globally, South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and research evidence indicates that countries with the highest burden of PLHIV have a substantial burden of obesity, hypertension (HPT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We sought to summarize the burden of these three common NCDs among PLHIV in South Africa. Methods: In this systematic review, multiple databases were searched for articles reporting on the prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D among PLHIV in South Africa published since journal inception until March 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to obtain pooled prevalence estimates of the three NCDs. Heterogeneity was assessed using X Results: We included 32 studies, with 19, 22 and 18 studies reporting the prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D among PLHIV, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D was 23.2% [95% CI 17.6; 29.9], 25.5% [95% CI 15.6; 38.7], and 6.1% [95% CI 3.8; 9.7] respectively. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among women (P = 0.034) compared to men, however the prevalence of HPT and T2D did not differ by sex. The prevalence of each of the three NCDs did not differ significantly between rural, urban, and peri-urban areas. The prevalence of obesity and T2D was higher in studies conducted between 2013 and 2022 compared to studies conducted between 2000 and 2012, while the prevalence of HPT was higher between 2000 and 2012 compared to between 2013 and 2022. Conclusions: These findings suggest that South Africa is experiencing a syndemic of NCDs among people PLHIV highlighting the need to increase cost-effective interventions and management strategies that involve integrated HIV and NCD care in the South African setting.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-023-08736-5
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Article: Ethnicity and the BMI-body fat relationship

Luke, Amy

British journal of nutrition. 2009 Aug., v. 102, issue 4

2009

Keywords	nationalities and ethnic groups ; body mass index ; body fat ; obesity ; disease incidence ; disease control ; morbidity ; overweight ; body fat distribution ; genetic background ; genotype-environment interaction ; Asian Indians ; Pacific Islanders
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-08
Size	p. 485-487.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114508207233
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Physical activity does not influence obesity risk: time to clarify the public health message.

Luke, Amy / Cooper, Richard S

International journal of epidemiology

2013 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 1831–1836

MeSH term(s)	Health Education ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Public Health ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyt159
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