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  1. Article ; Online: The emerging role of hypoxia and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease.

    Villareal, Luke B / Xue, Xiang

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2024  Volume 198, Issue 2, Page(s) 169–184

    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of IBD remains unknown, hampering the development of effective therapies. ... ...

    Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of IBD remains unknown, hampering the development of effective therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia, a condition resulting from inadequate oxygen supply, plays a crucial role in intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), transcription factors that regulate the cellular response to low oxygen levels, have gained attention for their involvement in modulating inflammatory processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The two most studied HIFs, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, have been implicated in the development and progression of IBD. Toxicological factors encompass a wide range of environmental and endogenous agents, including dietary components, microbial metabolites, and pollutants. These factors can profoundly influence the hypoxic microenvironment within the gut, thereby exacerbating the course of IBD and fostering the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. This review explores the regulation of hypoxia signaling at the molecular, microenvironmental, and environmental levels, investigating the intricate interplay between toxicological factors and hypoxic signaling in the context of IBD, focusing on its most concerning outcomes: intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Hypoxia/complications ; Oxygen ; Signal Transduction ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfae004
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  2. Article ; Online: Mutation rates and the molecular epidemiology of

    Harrison, Luke B / Behr, Marcel A

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 25, Page(s) e2307499120

    MeSH term(s) Mycobacterium abscessus/genetics ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mutation Rate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2307499120
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  3. Article ; Online: The effect of gun buy-back law reform on homicides and suicides in Australia.

    Duenow, Patrick / Connelly, Luke B

    Health economics

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 248–279

    Abstract: In this paper we use the synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the causal effects of a national legislative reform accompanied by mandatory gun buy-backs in Australia on both suicide and homicide rates. Using a rich international dataset, we are ... ...

    Abstract In this paper we use the synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the causal effects of a national legislative reform accompanied by mandatory gun buy-backs in Australia on both suicide and homicide rates. Using a rich international dataset, we are able to separate not only these two death types, but also to distinguish deaths by firearm and by other means, thereby enabling us to test substitution-of-means hypotheses. Specifically, we apply the SCM to determine whether any reductions in firearm-related death rates where wholly or partly offset by increases in the use of other means (e.g., bladed weapons, poisons) to commit suicides and perpetrate homicides. Our findings show that these gun control policies substantially reduced both homicides and suicides by firearm, but also some evidence of other-means substitution.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Suicide ; Homicide ; Firearms ; Australia/epidemiology ; Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1135838-5
    ISSN 1099-1050 ; 1057-9230
    ISSN (online) 1099-1050
    ISSN 1057-9230
    DOI 10.1002/hec.4769
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  4. Article ; Online: An imputed ancestral reference genome for the

    Harrison, Luke B / Kapur, Vivek / Behr, Marcel A

    Microbial genomics

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1

    Abstract: Reference-based alignment of short-reads is a widely used technique in genomic analysis of ... ...

    Abstract Reference-based alignment of short-reads is a widely used technique in genomic analysis of the
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Coma ; Workflow ; Genomics ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835258-0
    ISSN 2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
    ISSN (online) 2057-5858
    ISSN 2057-5858
    DOI 10.1099/mgen.0.001165
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  5. Article ; Online: Between race-evasiveness and the pursuit of racial competence

    Luke B. Carman / Robin Keturah Anderson

    Social Sciences and Humanities Open, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 100603- (2023)

    Secondary mathematics preservice teachers’ understandings of race in an introductory methods course

    2023  

    Abstract: The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the ways that preservice teachers, in their first mathematics education course, understood race in mathematics classrooms. Through a qualitative document analysis of course assignments, we identify three ways ...

    Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the ways that preservice teachers, in their first mathematics education course, understood race in mathematics classrooms. Through a qualitative document analysis of course assignments, we identify three ways students wrote about race: using race-evasive maneuvers to avoid discussion of race in mathematics education, skimming past racial issues in ways that reduced their importance, and directly engaging with race in the active pursuit of racial competence. Our results suggest ways that critical mathematics topics can encourage students to begin this pursuit and underscore the need for intentionally antiracist-oriented mathematics teacher education.
    Keywords Preservice teacher education ; Race ; Mathematics teacher education ; Race-evasiveness ; Racial competence ; Antiracism ; History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
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  6. Article ; Online: Telomere regulation.

    Luke, Brian

    Differentiation; research in biological diversity

    2018  Volume 102, Page(s) 27–29

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Research ; Telomerase/genetics ; Telomere ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Telomerase (EC 2.7.7.49)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184540-8
    ISSN 1432-0436 ; 0301-4681
    ISSN (online) 1432-0436
    ISSN 0301-4681
    DOI 10.1016/j.diff.2018.06.002
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    Zs.A 1170: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Monkeypox outbreak 2022: "See one, do one, teach one" no longer the rule.

    Barkati, Sapha / Harrison, Luke B

    Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 157–158

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-27
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2371-0888
    ISSN (online) 2371-0888
    DOI 10.3138/jammi-2022-07-29
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  8. Article ; Online: DNA-RNA Hybrids at Telomeres in Budding Yeast.

    Wagner, Carolin B / Luke, Brian

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2022  Volume 2528, Page(s) 145–157

    Abstract: It has recently been demonstrated that budding yeast telomeres are transcribed into TERRA, a long noncoding RNA. Due to the G-rich nature of the coding strand, TERRA has a tendency to form DNA-RNA hybrids and potentially R-loops, which in turn, promote ... ...

    Abstract It has recently been demonstrated that budding yeast telomeres are transcribed into TERRA, a long noncoding RNA. Due to the G-rich nature of the coding strand, TERRA has a tendency to form DNA-RNA hybrids and potentially R-loops, which in turn, promote repair at short telomeres. Here, we report two methods to detect DNA-RNA hybrids at yeast telomeres, namely, DRIP, which employs the S9.6 hybrid-recognizing antibody, and R-ChIP, which takes advantage of a catalytic dead form of RNase H1 (Rnh1-cd). We use cross-linked material for both protocols as we have found that this does not negatively affect recovered material, and furthermore allows the precipitation of other proteins from the identical cross-linked material. Although both methods are successful in terms of detecting DNA-RNA hybrids at telomeres, the R-ChIP method yields an approximately ten-fold increased enrichment.
    MeSH term(s) DNA/genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA/metabolism ; Ribonuclease H/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomycetales/genetics ; Saccharomycetales/metabolism ; Telomere/genetics ; Telomere/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.26.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_10
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  9. Article ; Online: Metoprolol Inhibits Developmental Brain Sterol Biosynthesis in Mice.

    Allen, Luke B / Mirnics, Károly

    Biomolecules

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 9

    Abstract: De novo sterol synthesis is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain that begins during early embryonic development and continues throughout life. Multiple medications have sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting side effects, with potentially detrimental ... ...

    Abstract De novo sterol synthesis is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain that begins during early embryonic development and continues throughout life. Multiple medications have sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting side effects, with potentially detrimental effects on brain health. Using LC-MS/MS, we investigated the effects of six commonly used beta-blockers on brain sterol biosynthesis in vitro using cell lines. Two beta-blockers, metoprolol (MTP) and nebivolol, showed extreme elevations of the highly oxidizable cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in vitro across multiple cell lines. We followed up on the MTP findings using a maternal exposure model in mice. We found that 7-DHC was significantly elevated in all maternal brain regions analyzed as well as in the heart, liver and brain of the maternally exposed offspring. Since DHCR7-inhibiting/7-DHC elevating compounds can be considered teratogens, these findings suggest that MTP utilization during pregnancy might be detrimental for the development of offspring, and alternative beta-blockers should be considered.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Metoprolol/metabolism ; Metoprolol/pharmacology ; Mice ; Nebivolol/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Teratogens
    Chemical Substances Teratogens ; Nebivolol (030Y90569U) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors (EC 1.3.-) ; Metoprolol (GEB06NHM23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2701262-1
    ISSN 2218-273X ; 2218-273X
    ISSN (online) 2218-273X
    ISSN 2218-273X
    DOI 10.3390/biom12091211
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  10. Article ; Online: Medicine and the Law.

    Ramoolla, B / Van der Haar, G / Luke, A / King, R / Jacob, N / Luke, B

    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde

    2023  Volume 113, Issue 5, Page(s) 19–24

    Abstract: The South African (SA) medical internship training programme model was recently revised to extend training into the primary care platform. In this article, we reflect on the experiences of training under the new model from an intern perspective. We use ... ...

    Abstract The South African (SA) medical internship training programme model was recently revised to extend training into the primary care platform. In this article, we reflect on the experiences of training under the new model from an intern perspective. We use these reflections to make recommendations to the Health Professions Council of SA on how to further improve the training model by implementing systems that guide and empower the intern doctor practising at a primary level of care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; South Africa ; Internship and Residency ; Health Occupations ; Students, Medical ; Attitude of Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country South Africa
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390968-2
    ISSN 2078-5135 ; 0038-2469 ; 0256-9574
    ISSN (online) 2078-5135
    ISSN 0038-2469 ; 0256-9574
    DOI 10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i5.16784
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