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Article ; Online: Posterior optic buttonholing prevents intraocular pressure peaks after cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulorhexis.

Stifter, Eva / Menapace, Rupert / Kriechbaum, Katharina / Luksch, Alexandra

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

2010 Volume 248, Issue 11, Page(s) 1595–1600

Abstract: Background: The performance of a primary posterior capsulorhexis (PPC) with and without posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) may significantly influence the intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in age-related cataract patients.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background: The performance of a primary posterior capsulorhexis (PPC) with and without posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) may significantly influence the intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in age-related cataract patients. Methods: The prospective randomized clinical study was performed at the department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Thirty consecutive cataract patients with bilateral same-day cataract surgery (60 eyes) under topical anesthesia were enrolled. In randomized order, cataract surgery with combined PPC/POBH was performed in one eye; in the other eye, cataract surgery was performed with PPC and in-the-bag implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL). Standardized IOP measurements by Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed preoperatively, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours postoperatively, as well as 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Results: During the first 24 hours after surgery, all IOP measurements were significantly lower in eyes with combined PPC/POBH when compared to eyes with solitary PPC (p < 0.001). No IOP peaks of more than 27 mmHg were observed with combined PPC/POBH. In contrast, in eyes with PPC and in-the-bag IOL implantation, seven patients had an IOP peak of more than 27 mmHg and four IOP peaks of more than 30 mmHg. One week and 1 month postoperatively, IOP measurements were statistically comparable, and no significant differences could be observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative IOP peaks after cataract surgery with sole PPC can be effectively prevented by the buttonholing of the IOL through the posterior capsulorhexis.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biometry ; Capsulorhexis ; Female ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Punctures ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	8435-9
ISSN	1435-702X ; 0721-832X
ISSN (online)	1435-702X
ISSN	0721-832X
DOI	10.1007/s00417-010-1454-2
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Article ; Online: Effect of NO synthase inhibition on retinal vessel reaction to isometric exercise in healthy humans.

Lasta, Michael / Polak, Kaija / Luksch, Alexandra / Garhofer, Gerhard / Schmetterer, Leopold

Acta ophthalmologica

2012 Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 362–368

Abstract: Purpose: It has been shown that retinal blood flow is autoregulated, meaning that flow is independent of perfusion pressure within a certain range. We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition alters the response of retinal ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: It has been shown that retinal blood flow is autoregulated, meaning that flow is independent of perfusion pressure within a certain range. We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition alters the response of retinal arterial and venous vessels during isometric exercise. Methods: In this study, nine healthy subjects were included. Each subject received the NO synthase inhibitor Ng-monomethyl-l-Arginine (l-NMMA, the α-receptor agonist phenylephrine or placebo intravenously on three study days. Retinal vessel diameter was assessed with the retinal vessel analyser (RVA), at baseline and during a squatting period of 6-7 min in absence or presence of l-NMMA, phenylephrine or placebo. Results: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR) increased significantly during all pretreatment squatting periods (p < 0.001) Retinal venous and arterial diameters showed a continuous decrease during squatting (p < 0.001). Phenylephrine increased MAP and PR but did not alter the retinal vessel diameter response to squatting. Administration of l-NMMA lead to a significant decrease in venous diameter before isometric exercise (p = 0.004). In addition, the retinal venous diameter response during administration of the NO synthase inhibitor was less pronounced than during phenylephrine or placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study confirms that NO plays an important role in the control of retinal vascular tone at rest. In addition, the present data indicate a role of NO in retinal autoregulation, because the response of retinal venous diameters was altered after NO synthase inhibition. The nature of involvement, however, appears to be complex and requires further studies.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Pressure/physiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Exercise/physiology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phenylephrine/administration & dosage ; Retinal Vessels/physiology ; omega-N-Methylarginine/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Enzyme Inhibitors ; Phenylephrine (1WS297W6MV) ; omega-N-Methylarginine (27JT06E6GR) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2408333-1
ISSN	1755-3768 ; 1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
ISSN	1755-375X
DOI	10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01970.x
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Article: Comparison of the effect of Viscoat and DuoVisc on postoperative intraocular pressure after small-incision cataract surgery.

Rainer, Georg / Stifter, Eva / Luksch, Alexandra / Menapace, Rupert

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

2008 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 253–257

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Viscoat (sodium chondroitin sulfate 4%-sodium hyaluronate 3%) and DuoVisc (Viscoat and Provisc [sodium hyaluronate 1%]) on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after bilateral small-incision cataract surgery.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Viscoat (sodium chondroitin sulfate 4%-sodium hyaluronate 3%) and DuoVisc (Viscoat and Provisc [sodium hyaluronate 1%]) on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after bilateral small-incision cataract surgery. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Methods: This prospective randomized study comprised 60 eyes of 30 consecutive patients with age-related cataract in both eyes. Each patient's eyes were randomly assigned to receive Viscoat or DuoVisc during cataract surgery. DuoVisc is a packet containing 2 ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs): the dispersive Viscoat, which was used for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. In the Viscoat group, the Viscoat was used during the entire surgery. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured preoperatively as well as 1, 6, and 20 to 24 hours postoperatively. Results: One and 6 hours postoperatively, the mean IOP was significantly higher in the Viscoat group than in the DuoVisc group (25.8 mm Hg and 20.5 mm Hg, respectively, at 1 hour and 24.7 mm Hg and 21.1 mm Hg, respectively, at 6 hours) (P<.05). At 20 to 24 hours, the mean IOP was not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups. Intraocular pressure spikes to 30 mm Hg or higher occurred in 4 eyes in the DuoVisc group and 11 eyes in the Viscoat group (P<.05). Conclusions: Viscoat caused significantly higher IOP increases and significantly more IOP spikes than DuoVisc in the early postoperative period. Therefore, if Viscoat is used during cataract surgery, an additional cohesive OVD should be used for IOL implantation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Cataract/complications ; Chondroitin/administration & dosage ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Microsurgery/methods ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular
Chemical Substances	Drug Combinations ; chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate drug combination ; Hyaluronic Acid (9004-61-9) ; Chondroitin (9007-27-6) ; Chondroitin Sulfates (9007-28-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632744-8
ISSN	1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
ISSN (online)	1873-4502
ISSN	0886-3350
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.09.041
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Article: Macular morphology after cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing.

Stifter, Eva / Menapace, Rupert / Neumayer, Thomas / Luksch, Alexandra

American journal of ophthalmology

2008 Volume 146, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–22

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate possible changes in macular morphology after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing in comparison to conventional in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.: Design: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate possible changes in macular morphology after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing in comparison to conventional in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Design: Prospective randomized study. Methods: Fifty consecutive age-related cataract patients with normal macular morphology and function waiting for bilateral cataract surgery were enrolled. Cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing was performed in one eye; in the fellow eye cataract surgery was performed with in-the-bag IOL implantation, leaving the posterior lens capsule untouched. Optical coherence tomography measurements were performed one week and one month postoperatively. Results: During follow-up, no statistically significant changes of macular morphology could be observed in any of the tested patients. Mean central retinal thickness, minimum and maximum retinal thickness, and central retinal volume were all statistically comparable between the eyes with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing and the control eyes (P > .05). Best-corrected visual acuity was full in all patients (Snellen 20/25 and better). No cases of subclinical macular edema were observed. Conclusion: Cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing apparently does not increase the risk for postoperative macular edema in patients with a normal macula, since no cases of biomicroscopically noticeable macular edema with visual loss were observed in the first 1,000 eyes with primary posterior capsulorhexis/posterior optic buttonholing cataract surgery and no case of subclinical macular edema was found in this prospective randomized study.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Capsulorhexis/adverse effects ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macula Lutea/pathology ; Macular Edema/diagnosis ; Macular Edema/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2008.02.022
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Article: Postoperative course of intraocular pressure after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing.

Stifter, Eva / Luksch, Alexandra / Menapace, Rupert

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

2007 Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 1585–1590

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the natural course of intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) and posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) of the intraocular lens (IOL) in adult ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the natural course of intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) and posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) of the intraocular lens (IOL) in adult patients. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with age-related cataract awaiting cataract surgery under topical anesthesia in both eyes were enrolled prospectively. In randomized order, cataract surgery with combined PPCCC and POBH was performed in 1 eye. In the fellow eye, cataract surgery was performed conventionally with in-the-bag IOL implantation and the posterior lens capsule kept intact. Standardized IOP measurements by Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours postoperatively. Follow-up IOP measurements were taken at 1 week and 1 month. Twenty-five patients received 1-time IOP-lowering medication immediately after cataract surgery; the other 25 did not receive IOP-lowering drops. Results: During the first 24 hours postoperatively, no significant differences in IOP were observed between the PPCCC-POBH group and the conventional surgery group (P>.05). No IOP peaks greater than 27 mm Hg were observed in any eye. One week and 1 month postoperatively, no significant differences in IOP were found between groups (P>.05). The use of IOP-lowering drops significantly reduced postoperative IOP. However, no IOP spikes >27 mm Hg were found with and without the use of IOP-lowering drops. Conclusion: The course of IOP after cataract surgery with combined PPCCC and POBH showed the technique to be as safe as conventional cataract surgery with in-the-bag IOL implantation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632744-8
ISSN	1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
ISSN (online)	1873-4502
ISSN	0886-3350
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.04.038
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Article ; Online: Effect of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with and without posterior optic buttonholing on postoperative anterior chamber flare.

Stifter, Eva / Menapace, Rupert / Kriechbaum, Katharina / Vock, Lorenz / Luksch, Alexandra

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

2009 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 480–484

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with and without posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) on the anterior chamber reaction after small-incision cataract surgery.: Setting: Department of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the effect of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with and without posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) on the anterior chamber reaction after small-incision cataract surgery. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Methods: Consecutive patients with age-related cataract having cataract surgery in both eyes under topical anesthesia were prospectively enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. In randomized order, cataract surgery with combined primary PCCC and POBH was performed in 1 eye; in the other eye, cataract surgery was performed with primary PCCC and in-the-bag implantation of an intraocular lens. Intraocular flare was measured with an FC-1000 laser flare-cell meter preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 4 to 6, and 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Results: Thirty patients (60 eyes) were evaluated. The peak of intraocular flare was 1 hour postoperatively in all study eyes. In both groups, the response steadily decreased thereafter. Anterior chamber flare was statistically significantly higher in eyes with primary PCCC without POBH than in eyes with combined primary PCCC-POBH at all postoperative testing points (P<.001), including at 1 month (P = .01). Conclusions: Cataract surgery with combined primary PCCC-POBH led to significantly lower postoperative anterior chamber reaction than conventional in-the-bag implantation during a 4-week follow-up. The tight capsule-optic diaphragm effectively prevented the ophthalmic viscosurgical device captured behind the optic from entering the anterior chamber postoperatively.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber/pathology ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods ; Male ; Microsurgery/methods ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Uveitis, Anterior/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632744-8
ISSN	1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
ISSN (online)	1873-4502
ISSN	0886-3350
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.041
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Article: Treatment frequency and visual outcome in subfoveal choroidal neovascularization related to pathologic myopia treated with photodynamic therapy.

Maár, Noémi / Ergun, Erdem / Luksch, Alexandra / Stur, Michael

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

2006 Volume 244, Issue 10, Page(s) 1262–1266

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of treatment frequency on visual acuity of patients with PDT treatment for subfoveal predominantly classic CNV related to pathological myopia.: Design: Retrospective case series.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of treatment frequency on visual acuity of patients with PDT treatment for subfoveal predominantly classic CNV related to pathological myopia. Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with subfoveal predominantly classic CNV caused by pathologic myopia and treated with PDT were included. All patients received a full ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, before first treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Photodynamic therapy was performed according to standard protocol. Main outcome measurements were visual acuity and treatment frequency. Results: The number of treatments received was 3.35+/-1.83 (average: 1-7). In 12 eyes (32.43%); the BCVA was stable or increased during the entire follow-up period. In eight eyes (21.62%), the BCVA decreased and did not return to the baseline values. A transient loss of visual acuity (over 3-9 months) with subsequent improvement in visual function was found in 68% (17 eyes). A gain of three or more lines compared with lowest BCVA was found in 56% (14 eyes). The number of treatments did not correlate with baseline BCVA, greatest linear dimension of CNV at baseline or with the change of BCVA from baseline. In cases with transient worsening of BCVA, the recovery of visual acuity correlated significantly with the number of treatments (r=-0.522, P<0.05; Spearman rank correlation) received. Conclusion: Visual acuity recovery correlates with the number of PDT re-treatments; in many cases, an improvement in visual function after temporary decrease of BCVA can be observed after re-treatment according to current treatment guidelines. The number of PDT treatments has no negative effect on the visual outcome in subfoveal CNVs caused by pathological myopia.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology ; Choroidal Neovascularization/physiopathology ; Fovea Centralis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myopia, Degenerative/complications ; Myopia, Degenerative/physiopathology ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; Porphyrins/therapeutic use ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity/drug effects ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Chemical Substances	Photosensitizing Agents ; Porphyrins ; verteporfin (0X9PA28K43)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	8435-9
ISSN	1435-702X ; 0721-832X
ISSN (online)	1435-702X
ISSN	0721-832X
DOI	10.1007/s00417-005-0246-6
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Article: Anterior chamber depth and change in axial intraocular lens position after cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing.

Stifter, Eva / Menapace, Rupert / Luksch, Alexandra / Neumayer, Thomas / Sacu, Stefan

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

2008 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 749–754

Abstract: Purpose: To compare axial position changes of the intraocular lens (IOL) by measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) after small-incision cataract surgery with primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) and posterior optic buttonholing ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare axial position changes of the intraocular lens (IOL) by measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) after small-incision cataract surgery with primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) and posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) of the IOL and after conventional cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL implantation. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Methods: This prospective comparative study comprised 23 patients (46 eyes) with age-related cataract who had bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of an acrylic IOL (YA-60BB, Hoya). In randomized order, cataract surgery with PPCCC and POBH of the IOL was performed in 1 eye of each patient. In the fellow eyes, conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery with in-the-bag IOL implantation was performed. The ACD was measured 1 to 2, 6, and 24 hours as well as 7 and 30 days postoperatively using high-resolution partial coherence laser interferometry. A baseline measurement was taken preoperatively in all patients. Results: Ten patients completed 10 to 12 months of follow-up. Postoperatively, the axial IOL position was stable in eyes with PPCCC-POBH (P>.05). In contrast, a significant axial shift of the IOL in the anterior direction was observed in control eyes with in-the-bag IOL implantation (P<.001). The resulting refractive shift was significantly higher in control eyes than in eyes with PPCCC-POBH (P<.001). Conclusion: Combined PPCCC and POBH for cataract surgery significantly reduced postoperative anterior movement of the IOL.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anterior Chamber/pathology ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Female ; Foreign-Body Migration/prevention & control ; Humans ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/pathology ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632744-8
ISSN	1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
ISSN (online)	1873-4502
ISSN	0886-3350
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.12.035
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Article ; Online: Acute effects of intravenously administered ethanol on retinal vessel diameters and flicker induced vasodilatation in healthy volunteers.

Luksch, Alexandra / Resch, Hemma / Weigert, Günther / Sacu, Stefan / Schmetterer, Leopold / Garhöfer, Gerhard

Microvascular research

2009 Volume 78, Issue 2, Page(s) 224–229

Abstract: There is evidence from several vascular beds that acute alcohol consumption causes ocular hypotension and peripheral vasodilatation. The current study investigated the effects of intravenously administered ethanol on retinal vessel diameters and on ... ...

Abstract	There is evidence from several vascular beds that acute alcohol consumption causes ocular hypotension and peripheral vasodilatation. The current study investigated the effects of intravenously administered ethanol on retinal vessel diameters and on flicker induced retinal vasodilatation. For this purpose, ethanol (0.35 g/kg) or placebo (physiologic saline solution) was administered intravenously for 40 min in a randomized, double masked, two way cross-over design to 12 healthy male volunteers. Retinal vessel diameters and flicker induced vasodilatation were measured before administration of ethanol as well as 30, 50, 90 and 130 min after the start of infusion with a retinal vessel analyzer. Intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure and blood ethanol concentration were determined at the same time points. Intravenous administration of ethanol increased blood ethanol concentration from 0.0 g/l to 0.56+/-0.10 g/l. Ethanol reduced IOP, but did not change ocular perfusion pressure. After cessation of the infusion blood ethanol concentration started to drop reaching a blood ethanol concentration of 0.22+/-0.06 g/l 130 min after the start of infusion. Retinal arterial diameters increased significantly after administration of ethanol by a maximum of +4.2+/-4.0%, whereas no change was observed in retinal veins. Neither arterial nor venous diameters were influenced by administration of placebo. Flicker stimulation induced a significant dilatation in both arterial and venous diameters. Ethanol did not change flicker responses in arteries or in retinal veins. In conclusion, intravenous administration of ethanol increases retinal arterial diameters, whereas venous diameters remained unchanged. Whether this is related to a direct vasodilator effect or to a hitherto unidentified mechanism remains to be clarified.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Male ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Retinal Vessels/physiology ; Time Factors ; Vasodilation/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80307-8
ISSN	1095-9319 ; 0026-2862
ISSN (online)	1095-9319
ISSN	0026-2862
DOI	10.1016/j.mvr.2009.06.001
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Article ; Online: Effects of vitamin C on hyperoxia-induced reduction of retinal blood flow.

Weigert, Günther / Luksch, Alexandra / Maár, Noemi / Sacu, Stefan / Schmetterer, Leopold / Garhöfer, Gerhard

Microvascular research

2009 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–259

Abstract: Objective: Breathing of 100% oxygen causes vasoconstriction in retinal vessels paralleled by a decrease in blood flow. The mechanism underlying this effect is still unclear, but may be related to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Breathing of 100% oxygen causes vasoconstriction in retinal vessels paralleled by a decrease in blood flow. The mechanism underlying this effect is still unclear, but may be related to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species during hyperoxia. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether vitamin C, an agent with strong antioxidative properties, modifies the retinal vasoconstrictor response to hyperoxia. Methods: A randomized, double-masked, placebo controlled, two-way crossover study was performed in 12 healthy young volunteers. 100% oxygen was administered via a breathing mask for 12 min. Retinal blood flow was measured before and during oxygen breathing in the presence of either ascorbic acid (3 g) or placebo on two different study days. Retinal blood flow was determined based on measurement of retinal vessel diameters and red blood cell velocity. Results: Breathing of 100% oxygen induced a pronounced reduction of retinal arterial (-7.6%+/-6.5%) and venous diameters (-12%+/-6%). Hyperoxia induced vasoconstriction was not altered by co-administration of vitamin C (-8.6%+/-4.8% in arteries and -15%+/-7% in veins). Likewise, RBV and retinal blood flow decreased in response to oxygen by -24%+/-53% and -38%+/-42%. Again, the reduction of retinal hemodynamic parameters was not altered by co-administration of vitamin C. Conclusions: Oxygen induced blood flow response in the human retina is not altered by a single dose of vitamin C in healthy, young subjects. Whether this indicates that ROS are not involved in hyperoxia induced vasoconstriction of retinal vessels or is related to other factors has yet to be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Choroid/blood supply ; Choroid/drug effects ; Cross-Over Studies ; Erythrocytes/physiology ; Hemodynamics/drug effects ; Humans ; Hyperoxia/drug therapy ; Hyperoxia/physiopathology ; Inhalation Exposure ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Oxygen/administration & dosage ; Retinal Vessels/drug effects ; Retinal Vessels/physiopathology ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects ; Vasoconstriction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80307-8
ISSN	1095-9319 ; 0026-2862
ISSN (online)	1095-9319
ISSN	0026-2862
DOI	10.1016/j.mvr.2008.12.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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