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  1. Article: Mechanobiology predicts raft formations triggered by ligand-receptor activity across the cell membrane.

    Carotenuto, Angelo R / Lunghi, Laura / Piccolo, Valentina / Babaei, Mahnoush / Dayal, Kaushik / Pugno, Nicola / Zingales, Massimiliano / Deseri, Luca / Fraldi, Massimiliano

    Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids

    2020  Volume 141, Page(s) 103974

    Abstract: Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling ... ...

    Abstract Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling between mechanical processes and multiphysics involving the active receptors and the surrounding lipid membrane during ligand-binding has not yet been understood. Specifically, the focus of this work is on
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012341-3
    ISSN 1873-4782 ; 0022-5096
    ISSN (online) 1873-4782
    ISSN 0022-5096
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.103974
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  2. Article: Mechanobiology predicts raft formations triggered by ligand-receptor activity across the cell membrane

    Carotenuto, Angelo R. / Lunghi, Laura / Piccolo, Valentina / Babaei, Mahnoush / Dayal, Kaushik / Pugno, Nicola / Zingales, Massimiliano / Deseri, Luca / Fraldi, Massimiliano

    J Mech Phys Solids

    Abstract: Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling ... ...

    Abstract Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling between mechanical processes and multiphysics involving the active receptors and the surrounding lipid membrane during ligand-binding has not yet been understood. Specifically, the focus of this work is on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the widest group of transmembrane proteins in animals, which regulate specific cell processes through chemical signalling pathways involving a synergistic balance between the cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) produced by active GPCRs in the intracellular environment and its efflux, mediated by the Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) transporters. This paper develops a multiphysics approach based on the interplay among energetics, multiscale geometrical changes and mass balance of species, i.e. active GPCRs and MRPs, including diffusion and kinetics of binding and unbinding. Because the obtained energy depends upon both the kinematics and the changes of species densities, balance of mass and of linear momentum are coupled and govern the space-time evolution of the cell membrane. The mechanobiology involving remodelling and change of lipid ordering of the cell membrane allows to predict dynamics of transporters and active receptors –in full agreement with experimentally observed cAMP levels– and how the latter trigger rafts formation and cluster on such sites. Within the current scientific debate on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on the basis of the ascertained fact that lipid rafts often serve as an entry port for viruses, it is felt that approaches accounting for strong coupling among mechanobiological aspects could even turn helpful in better understanding membrane-mediated phenomena such as COVID-19 virus-cell interaction.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #420618
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Estrogen metabolites in the release of inflammatory mediators from human amnion-derived cells.

    Pavan, Barbara / Paganetto, Guglielmo / Dalpiaz, Alessandro / Biondi, Carla / Lunghi, Laura

    Life sciences

    2011  Volume 88, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 551–558

    Abstract: Aims: Human amnion-derived cells have been used as in vitro models to test the release of inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). We compared estrogen metabolites for their ability to induce AA release, to ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Human amnion-derived cells have been used as in vitro models to test the release of inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). We compared estrogen metabolites for their ability to induce AA release, to influence PGE(2) production and to interact toward intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs).
    Main methods: Metabolite effects on AA and PGE(2) release were examined by radiolabelled substrate incorporation and by colorimetric enzyme immunoassays, respectively. [(3)H]17-β-estradiol binding displacements were performed on Ro-20-1724 treated whole cells.
    Key findings: In WISH cells, estrone, 2-hydroxy-estrone and estriol induced a rapid dose dependent release of AA that was not inhibited by cycloheximide. Estrone and 2-hydroxy-estrone showed biphasic dose-response curves of PGE(2), whereas estriol and 16-α-hydroxy-estrone increased PGE(2) levels at high concentrations. 2-methoxy-estrone, 4-hydroxy-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-estrone did not significantly affect PGE(2) release. 2-methoxy-estradiol and 2-hydroxy-estradiol decreased the PGE(2) release. Effects of metabolites on PGE(2) were inhibited by cycloheximide and by the ER antagonist tamoxifen. In AV3 cells PGE(2) production was poorly detectable. On Ro-20-1724 treated WISH cells the K(i) of 17-β-estradiol was 29.2 ± 5.4 nM. Estrone, 2-methoxy-estrone and 2-methoxy-estradiol showed similar affinity values. The hydroxyl substituent at position 2, 4 and 16 decreased or markedly increased the affinity for estradiol or estrone derivatives, respectively.
    Significance: The estrogen metabolites induced nongenomic effects on AA release from WISH cells. The influence on PGE(2) release was detectable only on WISH cells. These effects appeared genomic and mediated by intracellular ERs, whose properties seemed strongly dependent on intracellular cAMP levels.
    MeSH term(s) Amnion/drug effects ; Amnion/secretion ; Arachidonic Acid/secretion ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Dinoprostone/secretion ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/secretion ; Estradiol Congeners/chemistry ; Estradiol Congeners/metabolism ; Estradiol Congeners/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Molecular Structure
    Chemical Substances Estradiol Congeners ; Inflammation Mediators ; Arachidonic Acid (27YG812J1I) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3378-9
    ISSN 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0631
    ISSN 0024-3205
    DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.018
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  4. Article: Estrogen metabolites in the release of inflammatory mediators from human amnion-derived cells

    Pavan, Barbara / Paganetto, Guglielmo / Dalpiaz, Alessandro / Biondi, Carla / Lunghi, Laura

    Life sciences. 2011 Mar. 14, v. 88, no. 11-12

    2011  

    Abstract: AIMS: Human amnion-derived cells have been used as in vitro models to test the release of inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). We compared estrogen metabolites for their ability to induce AA release, to ... ...

    Abstract AIMS: Human amnion-derived cells have been used as in vitro models to test the release of inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). We compared estrogen metabolites for their ability to induce AA release, to influence PGE₂ production and to interact toward intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs). MAIN METHODS: Metabolite effects on AA and PGE₂ release were examined by radiolabelled substrate incorporation and by colorimetric enzyme immunoassays, respectively. [³H]17-β-estradiol binding displacements were performed on Ro-20-1724 treated whole cells. KEY FINDINGS: In WISH cells, estrone, 2-hydroxy-estrone and estriol induced a rapid dose dependent release of AA that was not inhibited by cycloheximide. Estrone and 2-hydroxy-estrone showed biphasic dose–response curves of PGE₂, whereas estriol and 16-α-hydroxy-estrone increased PGE₂ levels at high concentrations. 2-methoxy-estrone, 4-hydroxy-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-estrone did not significantly affect PGE₂ release. 2-methoxy-estradiol and 2-hydroxy-estradiol decreased the PGE₂ release. Effects of metabolites on PGE₂ were inhibited by cycloheximide and by the ER antagonist tamoxifen. In AV3 cells PGE₂ production was poorly detectable. On Ro-20-1724 treated WISH cells the Kᵢ of 17-β-estradiol was 29.2±5.4nM. Estrone, 2-methoxy-estrone and 2-methoxy-estradiol showed similar affinity values. The hydroxyl substituent at position 2, 4 and 16 decreased or markedly increased the affinity for estradiol or estrone derivatives, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: The estrogen metabolites induced nongenomic effects on AA release from WISH cells. The influence on PGE₂ release was detectable only on WISH cells. These effects appeared genomic and mediated by intracellular ERs, whose properties seemed strongly dependent on intracellular cAMP levels.
    Keywords antagonists ; arachidonic acid ; colorimetry ; cycloheximide ; dose response ; enzyme immunoassays ; estradiol ; estriol ; estrogen receptors ; estrone ; humans ; metabolites ; models ; prostaglandins ; tamoxifen
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-0314
    Size p. 551-558.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 3378-9
    ISSN 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0631
    ISSN 0024-3205
    DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.018
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  5. Article ; Online: Circadian variation of cell proliferation in HTR-8/SVneo cell line.

    Lunghi, Laura / Frigato, Elena / Ferretti, Maria Enrica / Biondi, Carla / Bertolucci, Cristiano

    Human cell

    2011  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 161–164

    Abstract: Circadian clock controls several physiological processes such as cell proliferation. Extravillous trophoblast proliferation is a tightly regulated function playing a fundamental role in maternal vessel remodeling. We recently demonstrated that clock ... ...

    Abstract Circadian clock controls several physiological processes such as cell proliferation. Extravillous trophoblast proliferation is a tightly regulated function playing a fundamental role in maternal vessel remodeling. We recently demonstrated that clock genes Per2 and Dec1 as well as the clock-controlled genes Dbp and Vegf are rhythmically expressed in human extravillous trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. Analyzing the time course of HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation, a circadian variation in cell number was found. Moreover, we showed a rhythmic expression of mRNAs for Wee1 and stathmin, two genes involved in cell cycle progression. We suggest that circadian clockwork may orchestrate the functionality of the several factors involved in the control of human trophoblast functions that are fundamental for a successfully pregnancy outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; Circadian Clocks/physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Stathmin/physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Trophoblasts/cytology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cell Cycle Proteins ; DBP protein, human ; DELEC1 protein, human ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; PER2 protein, human ; Period Circadian Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; STMN1 protein, human ; Stathmin ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; VEGFA protein, human ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; WEE1 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-27
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1149134-6
    ISSN 1749-0774 ; 0914-7470
    ISSN (online) 1749-0774
    ISSN 0914-7470
    DOI 10.1007/s13577-011-0032-1
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3676: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Control of human trophoblast function

    Biondi Carla / Medici Silvia / Ferretti Maria E / Lunghi Laura / Vesce Fortunato

    Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Vol 5, Iss 1, p

    2007  Volume 6

    Abstract: Abstract The trophoblast, i.e. the peripheral part of the human conceptus, exerts a crucial role in implantation and placentation. Both processes properly occur as a consequence of an intimate dialogue between fetal and maternal tissues, fulfilled by ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The trophoblast, i.e. the peripheral part of the human conceptus, exerts a crucial role in implantation and placentation. Both processes properly occur as a consequence of an intimate dialogue between fetal and maternal tissues, fulfilled by membrane ligands and receptors, as well as by hormone and local factor release. During blastocyst implantation, generation of distinct trophoblast cell types begins, namely the villous and the extravillous trophoblast, the former of which is devoted to fetal-maternal exchanges and the latter binds the placental body to the uterine wall. Physiological placentation is characterized by the invasion of the uterine spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblast cells arising from anchoring villi. Due to this invasion, the arterial structure is replaced by amorphous fibrinoid material and endovascular trophoblastic cells. This transformation establishes a low-resistance, high-capacity perfusion system from the radial arteries to the intervillous space, in which the villous tree is embedded. The physiology of pregnancy depends upon the orderly progress of structural and functional changes of villous and extravillous trophoblast, whereas a derangement of such processes can lead to different types of complications of varying degrees of gravity, including possible pregnancy loss and maternal life-threatening diseases. In this review we describe the mechanisms which regulate trophoblast differentiation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and the alterations in these mechanisms which lead to pathological conditions. Furthermore, based on the growing evidence that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are needed for successful gestation, we explain the mechanisms by which agents able to influence such processes may be useful in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy disorders.
    Keywords Physiology ; QP1-981 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Physiology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
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  7. Article ; Online: 17-β-Estradiol counteracts the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on trophoblastic connexins and integrins.

    Cervellati, Franco / Valacchi, Giuseppe / Lunghi, Laura / Fabbri, Elena / Valbonesi, Paola / Marci, Roberto / Biondi, Carla / Vesce, Fortunato

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

    2013  Volume 2013, Page(s) 280850

    Abstract: We investigated the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMFs) and 17-β-estradiol on connexins (Cxs), integrins (Ints), and estrogen receptor (ER) expression, as well as on ultrastructure of trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. HF-EMF, ... ...

    Abstract We investigated the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMFs) and 17-β-estradiol on connexins (Cxs), integrins (Ints), and estrogen receptor (ER) expression, as well as on ultrastructure of trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. HF-EMF, 17-β-estradiol, and their combination induced an increase of Cx40 and Cx43 mRNA expression. HF-EMF decreased Int alpha1 and β 1 mRNA levels but enhanced Int alpha5 mRNA expression. All the Ints mRNA expressions were increased by 17-β-estradiol and exposure to both stimuli. ER-β mRNA was reduced by HF-EMF but augmented by 17-β-estradiol alone or with HF-EMF. ER-β immunofluorescence showed a cytoplasmic localization in sham and HF-EMF exposed cells which became nuclear after treatment with hormone or both stimuli. Electron microscopy evidenced a loss of cellular contact in exposed cells which appeared counteracted by 17-β-estradiol. We demonstrate that 17-β-estradiol modulates Cxs and Ints as well as ER-β expression induced by HF-EMF, suggesting an influence of both stimuli on trophoblast differentiation and migration.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chorionic Villi/drug effects ; Chorionic Villi/metabolism ; Connexins/genetics ; Connexins/metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Integrins/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Trophoblasts/drug effects ; Trophoblasts/metabolism ; Trophoblasts/ultrastructure
    Chemical Substances Connexins ; Integrins ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2455981-7
    ISSN 1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
    ISSN (online) 1942-0994
    ISSN 1942-0994
    DOI 10.1155/2013/280850
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  8. Article ; Online: Evidence for circadian rhythms in human trophoblast cell line that persist in hypoxia.

    Frigato, Elena / Lunghi, Laura / Ferretti, Maria Enrica / Biondi, Carla / Bertolucci, Cristiano

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2008  Volume 378, Issue 1, Page(s) 108–111

    Abstract: Circadian clock governs daily rhythmicity of a number of physiological processes such as reproductive functions. The existence of circadian clocks in the placenta is not clearly established. In order to investigate whether human placenta may function as ... ...

    Abstract Circadian clock governs daily rhythmicity of a number of physiological processes such as reproductive functions. The existence of circadian clocks in the placenta is not clearly established. In order to investigate whether human placenta may function as circadian oscillator, we utilized HTR-8/SVneo cells derived from human first-trimester trophoblast. In serum-shocked cells we found circadian expressions for the clock genes Per2 and Dec1 as well as for Dbp, a canonical clock-controlled gene. We obtained similar results for Vegf, a circadian output involved in the control of placental vasculogenesis and trophoblast functions. Interestingly, circadian oscillations persisted and even enhanced in cells experimentally rendered hypoxic with CoCl(2). These results could be explained since the hypoxic milieu of the first-trimester placenta is considered the optimal condition for normal placentation. These data collectively support a possible role for the differential rhythmic expression of Vegf, influenced by circadian clock, in the adjustment of placental vascularization and trophoblast functions to the specific requirements of the different gestational ages.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Cobalt/toxicity ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypoxia/chemically induced ; Hypoxia/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Placenta/blood supply ; Placenta/metabolism ; Placentation ; Pregnancy ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Trophoblasts/metabolism ; Trophoblasts/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
    Chemical Substances DBP protein, human ; DELEC1 protein, human ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; PER2 protein, human ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Cobalt (3G0H8C9362) ; cobaltous chloride (EVS87XF13W) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.006
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  9. Article: The role and modulation of the oxidative balance in pregnancy.

    Biondi, Carla / Pavan, Barbara / Lunghi, Laura / Fiorini, Sara / Vesce, Fortunato

    Current pharmaceutical design

    2004  Volume 11, Issue 16, Page(s) 2075–2089

    Abstract: Oxidative processes exert a fundamental regulatory function during pregnancy. It depends on the influence of oxygen, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species metabolic pathways upon the vascular changes in the maternal organism, ...

    Abstract Oxidative processes exert a fundamental regulatory function during pregnancy. It depends on the influence of oxygen, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species metabolic pathways upon the vascular changes in the maternal organism, as well as on the regulation of uterine and cervical tone throughout gestation and delivery. These functions are strictly linked with the mediators of the inflammatory pathway. At the beginning of pregnancy, when a certain grade of inflammatory change is necessary to the trophoblast invasion of maternal tissue, the activation of the process by nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species is welcome. Indeed, these products modulate the metalloproteinases, which are responsible for the remodelling of uterine extracellular matrix. At this stage estrogens are involved as well in the regulation of the delicate balance of pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effects. Furthermore, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species appear to play an important role both in normal and pathologic embryogenesis. During advanced pregnancy, a derangement of the oxidative balance can lead to the improper activation of inflammatory changes, thus triggering premature labour as well as other complications, such as foetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Although a number of pro- and anti-oxidant agents are available to influence the above-mentioned processes, there is no way to adequately measure the oxidative needs in single cases, in order to modulate the oxidative balance in clinical practice. Pharmacological research should be addressed to the development of new drugs, as well as to selective methods of delivery to the gestational tissues.
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Female ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-05-27
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1304236-1
    ISSN 1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
    ISSN (online) 1873-4286
    ISSN 1381-6128
    DOI 10.2174/1381612054065747
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  10. Article ; Online: Control of human trophoblast function.

    Lunghi, Laura / Ferretti, Maria E / Medici, Silvia / Biondi, Carla / Vesce, Fortunato

    Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E

    2007  Volume 5, Page(s) 6

    Abstract: The trophoblast, i.e. the peripheral part of the human conceptus, exerts a crucial role in implantation and placentation. Both processes properly occur as a consequence of an intimate dialogue between fetal and maternal tissues, fulfilled by membrane ... ...

    Abstract The trophoblast, i.e. the peripheral part of the human conceptus, exerts a crucial role in implantation and placentation. Both processes properly occur as a consequence of an intimate dialogue between fetal and maternal tissues, fulfilled by membrane ligands and receptors, as well as by hormone and local factor release. During blastocyst implantation, generation of distinct trophoblast cell types begins, namely the villous and the extravillous trophoblast, the former of which is devoted to fetal-maternal exchanges and the latter binds the placental body to the uterine wall. Physiological placentation is characterized by the invasion of the uterine spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblast cells arising from anchoring villi. Due to this invasion, the arterial structure is replaced by amorphous fibrinoid material and endovascular trophoblastic cells. This transformation establishes a low-resistance, high-capacity perfusion system from the radial arteries to the intervillous space, in which the villous tree is embedded. The physiology of pregnancy depends upon the orderly progress of structural and functional changes of villous and extravillous trophoblast, whereas a derangement of such processes can lead to different types of complications of varying degrees of gravity, including possible pregnancy loss and maternal life-threatening diseases. In this review we describe the mechanisms which regulate trophoblast differentiation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and the alterations in these mechanisms which lead to pathological conditions. Furthermore, based on the growing evidence that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are needed for successful gestation, we explain the mechanisms by which agents able to influence such processes may be useful in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Embryo Implantation/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/pathology ; Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; Trophoblasts/cytology ; Trophoblasts/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1477-7827
    ISSN (online) 1477-7827
    DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-5-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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