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  1. AU="Lynch, Emily"
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  1. Artikel ; Online: Linking management practices with survival to improve outcomes for a red wolf population

    Lynch, Emily C. / Kendall, Corinne J.

    The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2023 May, v. 87, no. 4 p.e22392-

    2023  

    Abstract: Ex situ breeding programs serve as an important conservation tool for threatened and endangered species. Such programs must strike a balance among the immediate welfare needs of individual animals, growing the population, maintaining genetic diversity, ... ...

    Abstract Ex situ breeding programs serve as an important conservation tool for threatened and endangered species. Such programs must strike a balance among the immediate welfare needs of individual animals, growing the population, maintaining genetic diversity, and ensuring a successful release. While several carnivores have been successfully reintroduced into the wild from ex situ populations, little is known regarding the long‐term effects of management practices on animals within such reintroduction programs. We evaluated the effects of different management practices on survival for red wolves (Canis rufus), an endangered species in North America for which >95% of the population remains under human care and destined for release, as of 2020. We combined studbook records and survey information on the population of red wolves under managed care in Association of Zoos and Aquariums institutions. We aimed to assess age‐specific survival probabilities and causes of mortality as outcomes of various management practices within the red wolf breeding program. Large enclosures significantly reduced the risk of death by parental trauma for neonates and transferring wolves away from their natal group improved overall survival probabilities. In addition, exposure to the public positively correlated with survival. We recommend large enclosures (>929 m²) for breeding pairs, consistent transfer plans away from natal groups, and the incorporation of flexible approaches to management based on strategic planning of releases. Improving ex situ breeding programs is important to the welfare and survival of animals under human care and plays an important role in the management and recovery of endangered and threatened species.
    Schlagwörter Canis rufus ; death ; endangered species ; genetic variation ; humans ; mortality ; risk ; surveys ; wolves ; North America
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2023-05
    Erscheinungsort John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Anmerkung JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 410712-3
    ISSN 0022-541X
    ISSN 0022-541X
    DOI 10.1002/jwmg.22392
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Exploring the behaviors and social preferences of a large, multigenerational herd of zoo‐housed southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

    Williams, Brett / Campbell, Jennifer / Kendall, Corinne / Tuttle, Jade / Lynch, Emily C.

    Zoo Biology. 2023 , v. 42, no. 4 p.476-489

    2023  

    Abstract: The zoo‐housed southern white rhinoceros (SWR) population is of special concern due to their lack of consistent breeding success. An enhanced understanding of SWR social preferences could better inform management planning by promoting natural social ... ...

    Abstract The zoo‐housed southern white rhinoceros (SWR) population is of special concern due to their lack of consistent breeding success. An enhanced understanding of SWR social preferences could better inform management planning by promoting natural social relationships, which can positively affect their well‐being. The large, multigeneration herd housed at the North Carolina Zoo provides an ideal opportunity to examine rhino sociality across different ages, kin types, and social groupings. Eight female rhinos' social and nonsocial behaviors were recorded from November 2020 through June 2021 across 242 h. Activity budget analyses revealed strong seasonal and temporal variations in grazing and resting behaviors, with no stereotypic behaviors recorded. Bond strength calculations suggested that each female maintained strong social bonds with one to two partners. Beyond mother−nursing calf bonds, we found that the strongest social ties were maintained between calf‐less adults and subadults in these dyads. Considering these findings, we recommend that management plans attempt to house immature females with calf‐less adult females, as they may be necessary to the social landscape of immature females and, ultimately, improve their welfare.
    Schlagwörter Ceratotherium simum ssp. simum ; adults ; calves ; females ; herds ; social behavior ; social environment ; zoos ; North Carolina
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2023-07
    Umfang p. 476-489.
    Erscheinungsort John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Anmerkung JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1499116-0
    ISSN 1098-2361 ; 0733-3188
    ISSN (online) 1098-2361
    ISSN 0733-3188
    DOI 10.1002/zoo.21758
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  3. Artikel ; Online: Ready, willing, and able: California college campus law enforcement officers' respond to the opioid overdose attitudes scale.

    Lynch, Emily / Goyal, Deepika / Moore, Dorothy James

    Journal of American college health : J of ACH

    2021  Band 71, Heft 6, Seite(n) 1676–1679

    Abstract: BackgroundCollege campus police departments are providing law enforcement officers the authority to administer naloxone, the antidote to opioid overdose. This study explored the competence, concerns, and readiness among college campus-based law ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundCollege campus police departments are providing law enforcement officers the authority to administer naloxone, the antidote to opioid overdose. This study explored the competence, concerns, and readiness among college campus-based law enforcement officers in Northern California to administer naloxone in case of an opioid overdose on campus.
    Methods: Using a quantitative, cross sectional design, law enforcement officers from seven Northern California college campus-based police departments were recruited for this study. Participants completed sociodemographic information and the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) electronically.
    Results: Forty law enforcement officers completed questionnaires. Findings suggested officers were ready and willing to assist opioid overdose victims, had sufficient naloxone administration training, and were not concerned with consequences of precipitating withdrawal symptoms or harm to a student after administering naloxone.
    Conclusions: College campus-based law enforcement officers had positive attitudes regarding handling opioid overdose situations and felt mostly comfortable administering naloxone.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-13
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604907-2
    ISSN 1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
    ISSN (online) 1940-3208
    ISSN 0744-8481
    DOI 10.1080/07448481.2021.1948857
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Exploring the behaviors and social preferences of a large, multigenerational herd of zoo-housed southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum).

    Williams, Brett / Campbell, Jennifer / Kendall, Corinne / Tuttle, Jade / Lynch, Emily C

    Zoo biology

    2023  Band 42, Heft 4, Seite(n) 476–489

    Abstract: The zoo-housed southern white rhinoceros (SWR) population is of special concern due to their lack of consistent breeding success. An enhanced understanding of SWR social preferences could better inform management planning by promoting natural social ... ...

    Abstract The zoo-housed southern white rhinoceros (SWR) population is of special concern due to their lack of consistent breeding success. An enhanced understanding of SWR social preferences could better inform management planning by promoting natural social relationships, which can positively affect their well-being. The large, multigeneration herd housed at the North Carolina Zoo provides an ideal opportunity to examine rhino sociality across different ages, kin types, and social groupings. Eight female rhinos' social and nonsocial behaviors were recorded from November 2020 through June 2021 across 242 h. Activity budget analyses revealed strong seasonal and temporal variations in grazing and resting behaviors, with no stereotypic behaviors recorded. Bond strength calculations suggested that each female maintained strong social bonds with one to two partners. Beyond mother-nursing calf bonds, we found that the strongest social ties were maintained between calf-less adults and subadults in these dyads. Considering these findings, we recommend that management plans attempt to house immature females with calf-less adult females, as they may be necessary to the social landscape of immature females and, ultimately, improve their welfare.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Female ; Animals, Zoo ; Social Behavior ; Perissodactyla ; Stereotyped Behavior
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499116-0
    ISSN 1098-2361 ; 0733-3188
    ISSN (online) 1098-2361
    ISSN 0733-3188
    DOI 10.1002/zoo.21758
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  5. Artikel ; Online: The intersectional effect of poverty, home ownership, and racial/ethnic composition on mean childhood blood lead levels in Milwaukee County neighborhoods.

    Lynch, Emily E / Meier, Helen C S

    PloS one

    2020  Band 15, Heft 6, Seite(n) e0234995

    Abstract: Environmental conditions that contribute to childhood lead exposure are spatially patterned. Socioeconomic and racial inequities in childhood lead exposure have been well documented, however childhood lead exposure in Milwaukee is understudied. As a ... ...

    Abstract Environmental conditions that contribute to childhood lead exposure are spatially patterned. Socioeconomic and racial inequities in childhood lead exposure have been well documented, however childhood lead exposure in Milwaukee is understudied. As a segregated rustbelt metropolitan area with childhood lead exposure concerns, Milwaukee is uniquely positioned to evaluate the synergistic effects of racial and economic drivers of childhood lead exposure. Using surveillance data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health and the US Census Bureau, this cross-sectional study determined the intersectional effect of poverty, home ownership, and racial/ethnic composition on childhood lead exposure in Milwaukee County neighborhoods using linear regression adjusting for average census tract housing age and number of children. The final analytical sample consisted of 48,393 individual childhood blood lead levels aggregated to 215 Milwaukee County census tracts. Census tracts with mean childhood blood lead levels greater than or equal to 5 μg/dL were predominantly low home ownership, high poverty, and majority non-White census tracts. The effects of low home ownership, high poverty, and majority non-White census tracts were synergistic, producing 1.78 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.11) μg/dL higher mean childhood blood lead level than high home ownership, low poverty, and majority White census tracts (referent). This research reveals that social determinants at the neighborhood level co-occur and interact to produce inequities in childhood lead exposure. Lead prevention efforts should align with equity-focused housing and economic policies that target primary prevention in neighborhoods disproportionately burdened by childhood lead exposure.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Lead/blood ; Lead Poisoning/epidemiology ; Male ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Wisconsin
    Chemische Substanzen Lead (2P299V784P)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-06-19
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0234995
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel: The impact of parental investment on lifetime reproductive success in Iceland.

    Lynch, Robert F / Lynch, Emily C

    PeerJ

    2017  Band 5, Seite(n) e2904

    Abstract: Background: Demonstrating the impact that parents have on the fitness of their children is a crucial step towards understanding how parental investment has affected human evolution. Parents not only transfer genes to their children, they also influence ... ...

    Abstract Background: Demonstrating the impact that parents have on the fitness of their children is a crucial step towards understanding how parental investment has affected human evolution. Parents not only transfer genes to their children, they also influence their environments. By analyzing reproductive patterns within and between different categories of close relatives, this study provides insight into the genetic and environmental effects that parents have on the fitness of their offspring.
    Methods: We use data spanning over two centuries from an exceptionally accurate Icelandic genealogy, Íslendingabók, to analyze the relationship between the fertility rates of close relatives. Also, using genetic data, we determine narrow sense heritability estimates (
    Results: The relationship between the reproduction of all full sibling pairs was significant and positive across all birth decades (
    Discussion: We show that an individual's lifetime reproductive success is best predicted by the reproduction of their full and half siblings, but not their parents, grandparents or aunts and uncles. Because all siblings share at least one parent, we believe parental investment has had an important impact on fitness. Overall, these results indicate that direct parental investment, but not genes, is likely to have had an important and persistent impact on lifetime reproductive success across more than two centuries of Icelandic history.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-01-19
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.2904
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  7. Artikel ; Online: Value of combining transect counts and telemetry data to determine short-term population trends in a globally threatened species.

    Kendall, Corinne J / Bracebridge, Claire / Lynch, Emily C / Mgumba, Msafiri / Monadjem, Ara / Nicholas, Aaron / Kane, Adam

    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

    2023  Band 37, Heft 6, Seite(n) e14146

    Abstract: To evaluate conservation interventions, it is necessary to obtain reliable population trends for short (<10 years) time scales. Telemetry can be used to estimate short-term survival rates and is a common tool for assessing population trends, but it has ... ...

    Abstract To evaluate conservation interventions, it is necessary to obtain reliable population trends for short (<10 years) time scales. Telemetry can be used to estimate short-term survival rates and is a common tool for assessing population trends, but it has limitations and can be biased toward specific behavioral traits of tagged individuals. Encounter rates calculated from transects can be useful for assessing changes across multiple species, but they can have large confidence intervals and be affected by variations in survey conditions. The decline of African vultures has been well-documented, but understanding of recent trends is lacking. To examine population trends, we used survival estimates from telemetry data collected over 6 years (primarily for white-backed vultures [Gyps africanus]) and transect counts conducted over 8 years (for 7 scavenging raptors) in 3 large protected areas in Tanzania. Population trends were estimated using survival analysis combined with the Leslie Lefkovitch matrix model from the telemetry data and using Bayesian mixed effects generalized linear regression models from the transect data. Both methods showed significant declines for white-backed vultures in Ruaha and Nyerere National Parks. Only telemetry estimates suggested significant declines in Katavi National Park. Encounter rates calculated from transects also showed declines in Nyerere National Park for lappet-faced vultures (38% annual declines) and Bateleurs (18%) and in Ruaha National Park for white-headed vultures (Trigonoceps occipitalis) (19%). Mortality rates recorded and inferred from telemetry suggested that poisoning is prevalent. However, only 6 mortalities of the 26 presumed mortalities were confirmed to be caused by poisoning, highlighting the challenges of determining the cause of death when working across large landscapes. Despite declines, our data provide evidence that southern Tanzania has higher current encounter rates of African vultures than elsewhere in East Africa. Preventing further declines will depend greatly on mitigating poisoning. Based on our results, we suggest that the use of multiple techniques improves understanding of population trends over the short term.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Animals ; Endangered Species ; Bayes Theorem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Falconiformes ; Tanzania
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 58735-7
    ISSN 1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
    ISSN (online) 1523-1739
    ISSN 0888-8892
    DOI 10.1111/cobi.14146
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  8. Artikel ; Online: Historic redlining in Columbus, Ohio associated with stroke prevalence.

    Wing, Jeffrey J / Lynch, Emily E / Laurent, Sarah E / Mitchell, Bruce / Richardson, Jason / Meier, Helen C S

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2022  Band 31, Heft 12, Seite(n) 106853

    Abstract: Background: Racial disparities exist in stroke and stroke outcomes. In an ecologic study, using the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) "redlining" scores, as indicator of historic racialized lending practices, we hypothesized that census tracts with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Racial disparities exist in stroke and stroke outcomes. In an ecologic study, using the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) "redlining" scores, as indicator of historic racialized lending practices, we hypothesized that census tracts with high historic redlining are associated with higher stroke prevalence.
    Methods: Weighted historic redlining scores (HRS) were calculated using the proportion of 1930s HOLC residential security grades contained within 2010 census tract boundaries of Columbus, Ohio. Stroke prevalence (adults >=18) was obtained at the census tract-level from the CDC's 500 Cities Project. Sociodemographic census tract level data (American Community Survey 2014-2018) were considered mediators in the causal association between historic redlining and stroke prevalence and were not controlled for in regression analysis. HRS and stroke prevalence associations were evaluated with and without adjustment for proportion of census tract 65 years and older.
    Results: Census tracts in the highest quartile of HRS (greater redlining) had 1.73% higher stroke prevalence compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% CI:0.41,3.05) adjusting for proportion 65 years and older. No other interquartile differences were observed.
    Conclusions: Historic redlining practices are a form of structural racism that established geographic systems of disadvantage and consequently, poor health outcomes. Our findings demonstrate disparate stroke prevalence by degree of historic redlining in census tracts across Columbus, Ohio.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Prevalence ; Ohio/epidemiology ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/epidemiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-10-27
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106853
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Sex-specific links between the social landscape and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in semi-captive Asian elephants.

    Seltmann, Martin W / Jackson, John / Lynch, Emily / Brown, Janine L / Htut, Win / Lahdenperä, Mirkka / Lummaa, Virpi

    General and comparative endocrinology

    2022  Band 319, Seite(n) 113990

    Abstract: Although social behaviour is common in group-living mammals, our understanding of its mechanisms in long-lived animals is largely based on studies in human and non-human primates. There are health and fitness benefits associated with strong social ties, ... ...

    Abstract Although social behaviour is common in group-living mammals, our understanding of its mechanisms in long-lived animals is largely based on studies in human and non-human primates. There are health and fitness benefits associated with strong social ties, including increased life span, reproductive success, and lower disease risk, which are attributed to the proximate effects of lowered circulating glucocorticoid hormones. However, to deepen our understanding of health-social dynamics, we must explore species beyond the primate order. Here, using Asian elephants as a model species, we combine social data generated from semi-captive timber elephants in Myanmar with measurements of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations. These data enable a "natural experiment" because individuals live in work groups with different demographic compositions. We examine sex-specific FGM concentrations for four different aspects of an individuals' social world: general sociality, work group size, sex ratio and the presence of immatures (<5 years) within the work group. Males experienced lower FGM concentrations when engaged in more social behaviours and residing in female-biased work groups. Surprisingly, females only exhibited lower FGM concentrations when residing with calves. Together, our findings highlight the importance of sociality on individual physiological function among elephants, which may have broad implications for the benefits of social interactions among mammals.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Elephants/metabolism ; Feces ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism ; Male ; Reproduction/physiology ; Social Behavior
    Chemische Substanzen Glucocorticoids
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-02-10
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1851-x
    ISSN 1095-6840 ; 0016-6480
    ISSN (online) 1095-6840
    ISSN 0016-6480
    DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.113990
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  10. Artikel ; Online: Evolutionary significance of maternal kinship in a long-lived mammal.

    Lynch, Emily C / Lummaa, Virpi / Htut, Win / Lahdenperä, Mirkka

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2019  Band 374, Heft 1780, Seite(n) 20180067

    Abstract: Preferential treatment of kin is widespread across social species and is considered a central prerequisite to the evolution of cooperation through kin selection. Though it is well known that, among most social mammals, females will remain within their ... ...

    Abstract Preferential treatment of kin is widespread across social species and is considered a central prerequisite to the evolution of cooperation through kin selection. Though it is well known that, among most social mammals, females will remain within their natal group and often bias social behaviour towards female maternal kin, less is known about the fitness consequences of these relationships. We test the fitness benefits of living with maternal sisters, measured by age-specific female reproduction, using an unusually large database of a semi-captive Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus) population. This study system is particularly valuable to an exploration of reproductive trends in a long-lived mammal, because it includes life-history data that span multiple generations, enabling a study of the effects of kinship across a female's lifespan. We find that living near a sister significantly increased the likelihood of annual reproduction among young female elephants, and this effect was strongest when living near a sister 0-5 years younger. Our results show that fitness benefits gained from relationships with kin are age-specific, establish the basis necessary for the formation and maintenance of close social relationships with female kin, and highlight the adaptive importance of matriliny in a long-lived mammal. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Elephants/genetics ; Elephants/physiology ; Family ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Social Behavior
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-07-15
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2018.0067
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