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  1. Article ; Online: A comparative study regarding antibiotic consumption and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among pharmacy students in Australia and Sri Lanka.

    M H F Sakeena / Alexandra A Bennett / Stephen J Carter / Andrew J McLachlan

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 3, p e

    2019  Volume 0213520

    Abstract: Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge. Pharmacists play a key role in the health care setting to support the quality use of medicines. The education and training of pharmacy students have the potential to impact ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge. Pharmacists play a key role in the health care setting to support the quality use of medicines. The education and training of pharmacy students have the potential to impact on patterns of antibiotic use in community and hospital settings. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare antibiotic use and knowledge of antibiotics and AMR among undergraduate pharmacy students in Australian and Sri Lankan universities. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Australian and Sri Lankan universities that offer a pharmacy degree. A paper-based survey was utilised in Sri Lanka and an identical survey distributed online among pharmacy students in Australia. Descriptive and comparative data analyses were performed. Results 476 pharmacy students from 14 universities in Australia and 466 students from 6 universities in SL completed the survey. Participants commonly reported previous antibiotic use [Australia (88%) and Sri Lanka (86%)]. The majority of students [Australia (89%) and Sri Lanka (77%)] reported they obtained antibiotics with a prescription. Australian pharmacy students correctly reported regarding optimal antibiotic use for certain disease conditions when compared to Sri Lankan students (P<0.05). A greater antibiotic knowledge level regarding AMR was found among Australian students compared to Sri Lankan students (p<0.05). Conclusion This study provides an understanding about antibiotic consumption and knowledge on AMR among pharmacy students in a developed country, Australia and a developing country, Sri Lanka. These findings identify possible misconceptions about antibiotics and a lower level of knowledge of AMR amongst Sri Lankan undergraduate pharmacy students. Future research should focus on implementation of a strategic education plan for undergraduate pharmacy students in Sri Lankan universities. The curricula of pharmacy courses in Australian universities may inform such a plan.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 028
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Modification and Validation of an HPLC Method for Quantification of Piroxicam

    Muthanna F. Abdulkarim / Ghassan Z. Abdullah / M.H.F. Sakeena / Mallikarjun Chitneni / Mun F. Yam / Elrashid S. Mahdi / Ibrahim M. Salman / Omar Z. Ameer / Munavvar A. Sattar / Mahiran Basri / Azmin M. Noor

    International Journal of Drug Delivery, Vol 3, Iss

    2011  Volume 1

    Abstract: Piroxicam is a NSAID that is widely used in the treatment of joint pain and osteoarthritis. The objectives of the study were to modify and validate HPLC method so as to obtain an accurate, sensitive and precise method to quantify piroxicam concentrations ...

    Abstract Piroxicam is a NSAID that is widely used in the treatment of joint pain and osteoarthritis. The objectives of the study were to modify and validate HPLC method so as to obtain an accurate, sensitive and precise method to quantify piroxicam concentrations without interference from the other ingredients presence in the formulation. The method published by Owen et al. was adapted and modified to suit the above requirements. The modification was carried out on the mobile phase as the mobile phase used by the authors was not able to separate the drug peak from the interference of the formulation excipients. The modified mobile phase consisted of 5 mM of disodium hydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 3 with concentrated ortho phosphoric acid, methanol, acetonitrile and glacial acetic acid at ratios of 27:20:52:1 respectively. The method was validated and found to be specific, precise, accurate and reproducible even when run at different times of the same day or on different times on different days. The limit of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.035 μg/ml and 0.0625 μg/ml respectively. It could be concluded that this method could be used to determine piroxicam concentration in the samples collected from in vitro study of permeability through the synthetic membrane and excised rat skin. Keywords: Piroxicam, HPLC, Quantification analysis, Modification.
    Keywords Piroxicam ; HPLC ; Quantification analysis ; Modification. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Pharmacy and materia medica ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  3. Article ; Online: Study of Pseudoternary Phase Diagram Behaviour and the Effect of Several Tweens and Spans on Palm Oil Esters Characteristics

    Muthanna F. Abdulkarim / Ghassan Z. Abdullah / M.H.F. Sakeena / Mallikarjun Chitneni / Mun F. Yam / Elrashid S. Mahdi / Ibrahim M Salman / Omar Z. Ameer / Munavvar A. Sattar / Mahiran Basri / Azmin M. Noor

    International Journal of Drug Delivery, Vol 3, Iss

    2011  Volume 1

    Abstract: Palm oil esters are high molecular weight esters oil that has been newly synthesized by University Putra Malaysia researchers. It has received a lot of attention for its pharmaceutical and chemical application. The aim of this study is to study the ... ...

    Abstract Palm oil esters are high molecular weight esters oil that has been newly synthesized by University Putra Malaysia researchers. It has received a lot of attention for its pharmaceutical and chemical application. The aim of this study is to study the effects of the palm oil esters with different HLB surfactant mixture on the ternary diagrams behaviour and to confine the various systems resulted from these combinations. These systems include traditional emulsion, gel area, transpernat micro-emulsion area, O/W and W/O emulsions. In this study, pseudoternary phase diagrams of water, POEs and non-ionic surfactant mixture of several HLB values were constructed using water titration method. The resultant mixtures collected after each addition and mixing of water were analysed visually, along with conductivity, dilution in water and dye test (methylene blue) to classify them as O/W emulsion (transparent and opaque) or W/O (opaque) and liquid or gel. As a conclusion, palm oil esters were found to be suitable for the formulation of different types of emulsion. Additionally, different HLB value of non-ionic surfactant(s) exhibited different pseudoternary phase diagram characteristics. Keywords: palm oil esters, Tween, Span, Pseudoternary phase diagram, O/W emulsion
    Keywords palm oil esters ; Tween ; Span ; Pseudoternary phase diagram ; O/W emulsion ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Pharmacy and materia medica ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  4. Article ; Online: Study of Pseudoternary Phase Diagram Behaviour and the Effect of Several Tweens and Spans on Palm Oil Esters Characteristics

    Muthanna F. Abdulkarim / Ghassan Z. Abdullah / M.H.F. Sakeena / Mallikarjun Chitneni / Mun F. Yam / Elrashid S. Mahdi / Ibrahim M Salman / Omar Z. Ameer / Munavvar A. Sattar / Mahiran Basri / Azmin M. Noor

    International Journal of Drug Delivery, Vol 3, Iss

    2011  Volume 1

    Abstract: Palm oil esters are high molecular weight esters oil that has been newly synthesized by University Putra Malaysia researchers. It has received a lot of attention for its pharmaceutical and chemical application. The aim of this study is to study the ... ...

    Abstract Palm oil esters are high molecular weight esters oil that has been newly synthesized by University Putra Malaysia researchers. It has received a lot of attention for its pharmaceutical and chemical application. The aim of this study is to study the effects of the palm oil esters with different HLB surfactant mixture on the ternary diagrams behaviour and to confine the various systems resulted from these combinations. These systems include traditional emulsion, gel area, transpernat micro-emulsion area, O/W and W/O emulsions. In this study, pseudoternary phase diagrams of water, POEs and non-ionic surfactant mixture of several HLB values were constructed using water titration method. The resultant mixtures collected after each addition and mixing of water were analysed visually, along with conductivity, dilution in water and dye test (methylene blue) to classify them as O/W emulsion (transparent and opaque) or W/O (opaque) and liquid or gel. As a conclusion, palm oil esters were found to be suitable for the formulation of different types of emulsion. Additionally, different HLB value of non-ionic surfactant(s) exhibited different pseudoternary phase diagram characteristics. Keywords: palm oil esters, Tween, Span, Pseudoternary phase diagram, O/W emulsion
    Keywords palm oil esters ; Tween ; Span ; Pseudoternary phase diagram ; O/W emulsion ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Advanced Research Journals
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Article ; Online: Modification and Validation of an HPLC Method for Quantification of Piroxicam

    Muthanna F. Abdulkarim / Ghassan Z. Abdullah / M.H.F. Sakeena / Mallikarjun Chitneni / Mun F. Yam / Elrashid S. Mahdi / Ibrahim M. Salman / Omar Z. Ameer / Munavvar A. Sattar / Mahiran Basri / Azmin M. Noor

    International Journal of Drug Delivery, Vol 3, Iss

    2011  Volume 1

    Abstract: Piroxicam is a NSAID that is widely used in the treatment of joint pain and osteoarthritis. The objectives of the study were to modify and validate HPLC method so as to obtain an accurate, sensitive and precise method to quantify piroxicam concentrations ...

    Abstract Piroxicam is a NSAID that is widely used in the treatment of joint pain and osteoarthritis. The objectives of the study were to modify and validate HPLC method so as to obtain an accurate, sensitive and precise method to quantify piroxicam concentrations without interference from the other ingredients presence in the formulation. The method published by Owen et al. was adapted and modified to suit the above requirements. The modification was carried out on the mobile phase as the mobile phase used by the authors was not able to separate the drug peak from the interference of the formulation excipients. The modified mobile phase consisted of 5 mM of disodium hydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 3 with concentrated ortho phosphoric acid, methanol, acetonitrile and glacial acetic acid at ratios of 27:20:52:1 respectively. The method was validated and found to be specific, precise, accurate and reproducible even when run at different times of the same day or on different times on different days. The limit of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.035 μg/ml and 0.0625 μg/ml respectively. It could be concluded that this method could be used to determine piroxicam concentration in the samples collected from in vitro study of permeability through the synthetic membrane and excised rat skin. Keywords: Piroxicam, HPLC, Quantification analysis, Modification.
    Keywords Piroxicam ; HPLC ; Quantification analysis ; Modification. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Advanced Research Journals
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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