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  1. Article ; Online: Canada's marine carbon sink

    P.J. Duke / B. Richaud / R. Arruda / J. Länger / K. Schuler / P. Gooya / M.M.M. Ahmed / M.R. Miller / C.A. Braybrook / K. Kam / R. Piunno / Y. Sezginer / G. Nickoloff / A.C. Franco

    FACETS, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 1-

    an early career perspective on the state of research and existing knowledge gaps

    2023  Volume 21

    Abstract: Improving our understanding of how the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide is critical to climate change mitigation efforts. We, a group of early career ocean professionals working in Canada, summarize current research and identify steps forward to improve our ... ...

    Abstract Improving our understanding of how the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide is critical to climate change mitigation efforts. We, a group of early career ocean professionals working in Canada, summarize current research and identify steps forward to improve our understanding of the marine carbon sink in Canadian national and offshore waters. We have compiled an extensive collection of reported surface ocean air–sea carbon dioxide exchange values within each of Canada's three adjacent ocean basins. We review the current understanding of air–sea carbon fluxes and identify major challenges limiting our understanding in the Pacific, the Arctic, and the Atlantic Ocean. We focus on ways of reducing uncertainty to inform Canada's carbon stocktake, establish baselines for marine carbon dioxide removal projects, and support efforts to mitigate and adapt to ocean acidification. Future directions recommended by this group include investing in maturing and building capacity in the use of marine carbon sensors, improving ocean biogeochemical models fit-for-purpose in regional and ocean carbon dioxide removal applications, creating transparent and robust monitoring, verification, and reporting protocols for marine carbon dioxide removal, tailoring community-specific approaches to co-generate knowledge with First Nations, and advancing training opportunities for early career ocean professionals in marine carbon science and technology.
    Keywords early career ; future research ; oceans ; ocean carbon flux ; marine carbon cycle ; ocean biogeochemistry ; Education ; L ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 551 ; 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Canadian Science Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Effect of Insecticide Seed Treatment on Safening Rice from Reduced Rates of Glyphosate and Imazethapyr

    M. R. Miller / R. C. Scott / G. Lorenz / J. Hardke / J. K. Norsworthy

    International Journal of Agronomy, Vol

    2016  Volume 2016

    Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of insecticide seed treatments on exposure of young conventional rice to reduced rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr. During the two-year study, “Roy J” rice seed was treated with ... ...

    Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of insecticide seed treatments on exposure of young conventional rice to reduced rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr. During the two-year study, “Roy J” rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx® Rice, thiamethoxam plus fungicide, or a fungicide-only treatment. Subsequently, glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax®) at 39.42, 78.76, or 157.54 g ae/ha or imazethapyr (Newpath®) at 4.39, 8.74, or 17.49 g ai/ha was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf growth stage of rice. Results in 2013 indicated that rice plants from seed treated with CruiserMaxx Rice exhibited significantly less injury 1, 3, and 6 weeks after either imazethapyr or glyphosate was applied in comparison to the plants having fungicide-only treated seed. The addition of an insecticide seed treatment also resulted in higher yields when both herbicides were applied compared to the fungicide-only seed treatment receiving the same herbicide treatments. In 2014, an overall decrease in injury from both herbicides was observed when rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx Rice compared to receiving a fungicide-only seed treatment. Significant yield loss from low rates of glyphosate or imazethapyr was not observed in 2014, with or without a seed treatment. Based on the positive effects observed from the CruiserMaxx Rice seed treatment in reducing injury and maintaining rice yields, the insecticide seed treatment appears to provide some safening to rice against low rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr.
    Keywords Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM 2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China

    S. J. Campbell / K. Wolfer / B. Utinger / J. Westwood / Z.-H. Zhang / N. Bukowiecki / S. S. Steimer / T. V. Vu / J. Xu / N. Straw / S. Thomson / A. Elzein / Y. Sun / D. Liu / L. Li / P. Fu / A. C. Lewis / R. M. Harrison / W. J. Bloss /
    M. Loh / M. R. Miller / Z. Shi / M. Kalberer

    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 5549-

    2021  Volume 5573

    Abstract: Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM 2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are ... ...

    Abstract Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM 2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atmospheric conditions and specific chemical components of PM 2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilised multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM 2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atmospheric pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHH-Beijing), and PM 2.5 OP was analysed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM 2.5 , including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chemistry (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM 2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Positive correlations of OP (normalised per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM 2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalised for particle mass, days with higher PM 2.5 mass concentrations ( µg m −3 ) were found to have lower mass-normalised OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM 2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate analysis of OP values and an extensive range of additional measurements, 107 in total, including PM 2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorological data, provided detailed insight into the chemical components and atmospheric ...
    Keywords Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Genome scan for selection in South American chickens reveals a region under selection associated with aggressiveness

    A., Luzuriaga-Neira / A., Beja-Pereira / A., Ulloa-Nuñez / F., Cueva-Castillo / G., Escudero-Sánchez / G., Villacís-Rivas / L., Pérez-Pardal / M., Rubilar-Quezada / M.R., Miller / S.M., O'Rourke

    Livestock science. 2019 July, v. 225

    2019  

    Abstract: Domestic chicken populations have been subjected to selection strategies to improve different production traits. Throughout history, selection coupled with diverse demographic dynamics have shaped the genome of many local populations which might harbor ... ...

    Abstract Domestic chicken populations have been subjected to selection strategies to improve different production traits. Throughout history, selection coupled with diverse demographic dynamics have shaped the genome of many local populations which might harbor important genetic combinations with potential for production and survival to future unknown climate changes. South American local chickens include several well-adapted local breeds that thrive in extreme environments (e.g., tropical rain forest, high altitude and desert). In addition, there has been a long tradition of game fowl breeding in South America about which very little is known. As game fowl display distinct phenotypes compared to other types of chickens, i.e., aggressiveness, we have screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localized in genes related to behavior that depart from neutrality (i.e., outliers) and therefore might be influenced by selection. Here we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to identify 122,801 SNPs distributed across the genome to scan for selection signatures in South American chicken populations. We detected 892 SNPs that were under selection. Two SNPs under positive selection localized in a genomic region harboring the Dopamine Receptor 2 (DRD2) gene and the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 (ANKK1) gene which have been associated with behavior. The population branch statistics analysis (PBS) on these two SNPs provided further evidence that these two variants have been under positive selection in game fowl. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture behind the aggressiveness behavior in chickens, a trait of paramount importance in the poultry industry.
    Keywords aggression ; altitude ; breeding ; breeds ; chickens ; climate change ; dopamine receptors ; genes ; genomics ; phenotype ; poultry industry ; sequence analysis ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; statistics ; tropical rain forests ; South America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 135-139.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2226176-X
    ISSN 1878-0490 ; 1871-1413
    ISSN (online) 1878-0490
    ISSN 1871-1413
    DOI 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.002
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 3115: Show issues

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  5. Article: On the origins and genetic diversity of South American chickens: one step closer

    Luzuriaga‐Neira, A / G. Villacís‐Rivas / F. Cueva‐Castillo / G. Escudero‐Sánchez / A. Ulloa‐Nuñez / M. Rubilar‐Quezada / R. Monteiro / M. R. Miller / A. Beja‐Pereira

    Animal genetics. 2017 June, v. 48, no. 3

    2017  

    Abstract: Local chicken populations are a major source of food in the rural areas of South America. However, very little is known about their genetic composition and diversity. Here, we analyzed five populations from South America to investigate their maternal ... ...

    Abstract Local chicken populations are a major source of food in the rural areas of South America. However, very little is known about their genetic composition and diversity. Here, we analyzed five populations from South America to investigate their maternal genetic origin and diversity, hoping to mitigate the lack of information on local chicken populations from this region. We also included three populations of chicken from the Iberian Peninsula and one from Easter Island, which are potential sources of the first chickens introduced in South America. The obtained sequencing data from South American chickens indicate the presence of four haplogroups (A, B, E and D) that can be further subdivided into nine sub‐haplogroups. Of these, four (B1, D1a, E1a(b), E1b) were absent from local Iberian Peninsula chickens and one (D1a) was present only on Easter Island. The presence of the sub‐haplogroups A1a(b) and E1a(b) in South America, previously only observed in Eastern Asia, and the significant population differentiation between Iberian Peninsula and South American populations, suggest a second maternal source of the extant genetic pool in South American chickens.
    Keywords chickens ; genetic variation ; rural areas ; East Asia ; Iberian Peninsula ; Pacific Ocean Islands ; South America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-06
    Size p. 353-357.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 632766-7
    ISSN 1365-2052 ; 0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
    ISSN (online) 1365-2052
    ISSN 0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
    DOI 10.1111/age.12537
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2791: Show issues

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