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  1. Article: Autoimmune Brainstem Encephalitis: An Illustrative Case and a Review of the Literature.

    Zoghaib, Romy / Sreij, Ali / Maalouf, Nancy / Freiha, Joumana / Kikano, Raghid / Riachi, Naji / Chalah, Moussa A / Ayache, Samar S / Ahdab, Rechdi

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 13

    Abstract: Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis (BSE) is a rare neurological condition with a wide range of underlying etiologies. It can be subdivided into two broad groups: a primary inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) or a brainstem disorder ... ...

    Abstract Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis (BSE) is a rare neurological condition with a wide range of underlying etiologies. It can be subdivided into two broad groups: a primary inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) or a brainstem disorder secondary to systemic diseases where the CNS is only one of many affected organs. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening manifestations. Most cases respond well to immunotherapy. Therefore, broad and in-depth knowledge of the various inflammatory disorders that target the brainstem is essential for guiding the diagnostic approach and assisting in early initiation of appropriate therapy. We herein report on a case of BSE and provide an overview of the various causes of autoimmune BSE with an emphasis on the clinical manifestations and diagnostic approach.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm10132970
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The value of sensory nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

    Freiha, Joumana / Zoghaib, Romy / Makhoul, Karim / Maalouf, Nancy / Riachi, Naji / Chalah, Moussa A / Ayache, Samar S / Ahdab, Rechdi

    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2021  Volume 132, Issue 5, Page(s) 1157–1162

    Abstract: Electrophysiology plays a determinant role in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) diagnosis, classification, and prognostication. However, traditional electrodiagnostic (EDX) criteria for GBS rely on motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) and are suboptimal ... ...

    Abstract Electrophysiology plays a determinant role in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) diagnosis, classification, and prognostication. However, traditional electrodiagnostic (EDX) criteria for GBS rely on motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) and are suboptimal early in the course of the disease or in the setting of GBS variants. Sensory nerve conduction studies, including the sural-sparing pattern and the sensory ratio are not yet included in EDX criteria despite their well-established role in GBS diagnosis. The aim of this review is to discuss the diagnostic value of sensory NCS in GBS, their role in establishing the diagnosis and predicting the outcome according to the various subtypes of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Electrodiagnosis/methods ; Electrodiagnosis/standards ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis ; Humans ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nerves/physiopathology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1463630-x
    ISSN 1872-8952 ; 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    ISSN (online) 1872-8952
    ISSN 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Clinical reasoning: a 33-year-old woman with severe postpartum occipital headaches.

    Maalouf, Nancy / Harik, Sami I

    Neurology

    2012  Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 366–369

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Blindness, Cortical/etiology ; Blood Patch, Epidural ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries/pathology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Headache/diagnosis ; Headache/psychology ; Headache/therapy ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Weakness/etiology ; Postpartum Period ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vasoconstriction/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824528f8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Teaching NeuroImages: Retinal migraine in action.

    El Youssef, Nada / Maalouf, Nancy / Mourad, Aline / Saade, Joseph / Khoury, Mounir

    Neurology

    2018  Volume 90, Issue 11, Page(s) e992

    MeSH term(s) Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders/complications ; Migraine Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Migraine Disorders/drug therapy ; Vision Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Vision Disorders/drug therapy ; Vision Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome manifesting as partial status epilepticus.

    Maalouf, Nancy N / Hinduja, Archana / Shihabuddin, Bashir S

    Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)

    2013  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 160–162

    Abstract: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease defined by vascular thrombosis, pregnancy complications, and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. Neurological manifestations include stroke, seizures, and chorea among others. Seizures ... ...

    Abstract Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease defined by vascular thrombosis, pregnancy complications, and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. Neurological manifestations include stroke, seizures, and chorea among others. Seizures are often precipitated by an acute ischemic event, but occasionally, structural abnormalities are absent. We present a 61-year-old man who developed partial seizures that progressed into partial status epilepticus. His seizures were intractable and required aggressive treatment with multiple anti-epileptic medications. He was diagnosed with primary APS and treated with anticoagulation. Head imaging did not reveal any acute ischemic events. This case demonstrates that primary APS may present as a refractory status epilepticus unrelated to acute cerebral ischemia.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/immunology ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Status Epilepticus/diagnosis ; Status Epilepticus/etiology ; Status Epilepticus/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04
    Publishing country Saudi Arabia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2214806-1
    ISSN 1319-6138
    ISSN 1319-6138
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cervical artery dissection: risk factors, treatment, and outcome; a 5-year experience from a tertiary care center.

    Yaghi, Shadi / Maalouf, Nancy / Keyrouz, Salah G

    The International journal of neuroscience

    2012  Volume 122, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–44

    Abstract: Background: Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is a common cause of stroke in young individuals. Risk factors, treatment, and outcome of CAD are not well established. Our aim is to identify risk factors, outcome, and discuss treatment of CAD.: Methods: ...

    Abstract Background: Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is a common cause of stroke in young individuals. Risk factors, treatment, and outcome of CAD are not well established. Our aim is to identify risk factors, outcome, and discuss treatment of CAD.
    Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients seen at our institution between 2004 and 2009, using ICD-9 codes for CAD, for risk factors, treatment, type, and outcome. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score within 6 months of >1 or recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
    Results: A total of 47 patients were identified. Twenty-four patients had spontaneous dissections (52%); 30 (63%) involved the carotid. As compared with spontaneous dissections, traumatic dissections occurred in younger patients (mean age 41.0 vs. 47.7 years, p = .064), were more likely to involve the vertebral artery (52% vs. 21%, p = .036, and caused less neurological deficits on presentation (48% vs. 75%, p = .075). Conversely, spontaneous dissections were more likely to occur in patients with hypertension (63% vs. 30%, p = .041) and hypercholesterolemia (46% vs. 9%, p = .008). Patients having no stroke had better outcomes (100% vs. 54%, p < .001). Anticoagulation was used in 17 patients (36%) and antiplatelets in 31 (64%). Outcome and adverse events were similar in the two groups.
    Conclusion: Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors in spontaneous dissections, speaking for vascular wall abnormalities as potential contributors to pathophysiology of CAD. There was no evidence supporting one type of treatment over the other. A large ongoing prospective study should quell this controversy.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arkansas/epidemiology ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/epidemiology ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Injuries/diagnosis ; Neck Injuries/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/physiopathology ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/diagnosis ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/epidemiology ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3061-2
    ISSN 1563-5279 ; 1543-5245 ; 0020-7454
    ISSN (online) 1563-5279 ; 1543-5245
    ISSN 0020-7454
    DOI 10.3109/00207454.2011.622453
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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