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  1. Book ; Online: Border Flows

    Macfarlane, Daniel / Heasley, Lynne

    A Century of the Canadian-American Water Relationship

    (Canadian History and Environment)

    2016  

    Series title Canadian History and Environment
    Keywords History ; Environmental economics ; History of the Americas ; Environmental science, engineering & technology ; Canada ; USA ; Transnational ; Environment ; Freshwater
    Language 0|e
    Size 1 electronic resource (368 pages)
    Publisher University of Calgary Press
    Publishing place Calgary
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021613235
    ISBN 9781552388968 ; 1552388964
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Nature Empowered: Hydraulic Models and the Engineering of Niagara Falls.

    Macfarlane, Daniel

    Technology and culture

    2020  Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–143

    Abstract: Under a 1950 U.S.-Canada treaty the majority of the Niagara River is diverted to massive hydroelectric complexes. To hide the aesthetic impact of turning Niagara Falls into an energy waterscape, and retain tourism, the waterfall was physically reshaped ... ...

    Abstract Under a 1950 U.S.-Canada treaty the majority of the Niagara River is diverted to massive hydroelectric complexes. To hide the aesthetic impact of turning Niagara Falls into an energy waterscape, and retain tourism, the waterfall was physically reshaped and shrunk, and remedial works were built to control water flows and hydropower diversions. To achieve this, hydraulic engineers from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Ontario Hydro relied on hydraulic models of Niagara Falls. Using an envirotech approach, I show how these physical hydraulic models were an integral part of the disguised design approach to remaking Niagara Falls, and I use this Niagara case study to critically explore the evolution of hydraulic modeling in early Cold War North America. The river and waterfall were transformed into a hybrid envirotechnical system, a submerged infrastructure that relied not only on steel and concrete, but also water, ice, and weeds.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021131-4
    ISSN 1097-3729 ; 0040-165X
    ISSN (online) 1097-3729
    ISSN 0040-165X
    DOI 10.1353/tech.2020.0034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The lexeme hypotheses: Their use to generate highly grammatical and completely computerized medical records.

    Macfarlane, Donald

    Medical hypotheses

    2016  Volume 92, Page(s) 75–79

    Abstract: Introduction: Medical records often contain free text created by harried clinicians. Free text often contains errors which make it an unsuitable target for computerized data extraction. The cost of healthcare can be reduced by creating medical records ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Medical records often contain free text created by harried clinicians. Free text often contains errors which make it an unsuitable target for computerized data extraction. The cost of healthcare can be reduced by creating medical records that are fully computerized at their inception. We examine hypotheses that enable us to construct such records.
    Methods: We regard the text of the medical record as being an ordered collection of meaningful fragments. The intellectual content (or "lexeme") of each text fragment in the record is considered separately from the language that used to express it. We further consider that each lexeme exists as a combination of a lexeme query (defining the issue being addressed) and a lexeme response to that query. The medical record can then be perceived as a stream of these responses. The responses can be expressed in any style or language, including computer code. Examining medical records in this light gives rise to a number of observations and hypotheses.
    Observations and hypotheses: The physical location and nature of the medical episode (which we term "context") determines the general layout of the record. The order that lexeme-queries are addressed in within the record is highly consistent ("coherence"). Issues are only addressed if they are logically called-for by the context or by a previously-selected lexeme response ("predicance"), and only to a needed depth of detail ("level"). We hypothesize that all of the lexeme queries required to write any clinical notes can be stored in a large database ("lexicon") in coherence order, wherein each lexeme query is associated with its own collection of lexeme responses. We hypothesize that the issue a note-writer will need to address next is identifiable purely by using the rules of coherence, level and predicance.
    Testing the hypotheses and their utility: We have tested these hypotheses with a computer program which repeatedly offers the user a menu of lexeme responses with associated text. On selection, the program issues the text fragment, and its corresponding computer code, to output files. The program then uses coherence, predicance and level to navigate to the next appropriate lexeme query for presentation to the user. The net result is that the user creates a grammatically correct and completely computerized note at the time of its inception. The value of this approach and its practical implementation to create medical records are discussed. In our work so far, the hypotheses appear not to be false, but further testing is needed using a larger lexicon to establish their robustness in actual clinical practice.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Language ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Programming Languages ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Structural equation modelling in developmental psychiatry.

    Macfarlane, Don

    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science

    2008  Volume 193, Issue 6, Page(s) 509; author reply 509–10

    MeSH term(s) Causality ; Child ; Child Psychiatry/methods ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 218103-4
    ISSN 1472-1465 ; 0007-1250
    ISSN (online) 1472-1465
    ISSN 0007-1250
    DOI 10.1192/bjp.193.6.509
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genome editing to define the function of risk loci and variants in rheumatic disease.

    Baglaenko, Yuriy / Macfarlane, Dana / Marson, Alexander / Nigrovic, Peter A / Raychaudhuri, Soumya

    Nature reviews. Rheumatology

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 462–474

    Abstract: Discoveries in human genetic studies have revolutionized our understanding of complex rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, including the identification of hundreds of genetic loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms that potentially predispose individuals ... ...

    Abstract Discoveries in human genetic studies have revolutionized our understanding of complex rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, including the identification of hundreds of genetic loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms that potentially predispose individuals to disease. However, in most cases, the exact disease-causing variants and their mechanisms of action remain unresolved. Functional follow-up of these findings is most challenging for genomic variants that are in non-coding genomic regions, where the large majority of common disease-associated variants are located, and/or that probably affect disease progression via cell type-specific gene regulation. To deliver on the therapeutic promise of human genetic studies, defining the mechanisms of action of these alleles is essential. Genome editing technology, such as CRISPR-Cas, has created a vast toolbox for targeted genetic and epigenetic modifications that presents unprecedented opportunities to decipher disease-causing loci, genes and variants in autoimmunity. In this Review, we discuss the past 5-10 years of progress in resolving the mechanisms underlying rheumatic disease-associated alleles, with an emphasis on how genomic editing techniques can enable targeted dissection and mechanistic studies of causal autoimmune risk variants.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Animals ; Gene Editing/methods ; Genetic Loci/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Humans ; Rheumatic Diseases/etiology ; Rheumatic Diseases/genetics ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2491532-4
    ISSN 1759-4804 ; 1759-4790
    ISSN (online) 1759-4804
    ISSN 1759-4790
    DOI 10.1038/s41584-021-00637-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Citizen participation in the reform of health care policy: a case example.

    Macfarlane, D

    Healthcare management forum

    1996  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 31–35

    Abstract: The trend toward greater citizen participation in health care policy reform has its roots in the consumerism of the 1960s. This era witnessed the beginning of a dispersion of power in health care and an increase in the number and variety of stakeholders ... ...

    Abstract The trend toward greater citizen participation in health care policy reform has its roots in the consumerism of the 1960s. This era witnessed the beginning of a dispersion of power in health care and an increase in the number and variety of stakeholders involved in the policy development process. Using the reform Ontario's long-term care policy as a case example, this paper offers observations about the benefits and challenges of participative policy-making. Despite the challenges and the paucity of hard evidence pointing to benefits, the author concludes that broad citizen participation in health care policy reform is a desirable goal. However, the capacity for genuine collaboration remains underdeveloped and requires more systematic refinement.
    MeSH term(s) Community Participation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Decision Making ; Health Care Reform/organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Ontario ; Policy Making
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2140831-2
    ISSN 2352-3883 ; 0840-4704
    ISSN (online) 2352-3883
    ISSN 0840-4704
    DOI 10.1016/S0840-4704(10)60850-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5895: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Pilot trial of semi-automated medical note writing using lexeme hypotheses.

    Gugel, Duane / Lentz, Steven / Perepu, Usha / Sharathkumar, Anjali / Staber, Janice / Sutamtewagul, Grerk / Macfarlane, Donald

    International journal of medical informatics

    2020  Volume 136, Page(s) 104095

    Abstract: Clinicians write a billion free text notes per year. These notes are typically replete with errors of all types. No established automated method can extract data from this treasure trove. The practice of medicine therefore remains haphazard and chaotic, ... ...

    Abstract Clinicians write a billion free text notes per year. These notes are typically replete with errors of all types. No established automated method can extract data from this treasure trove. The practice of medicine therefore remains haphazard and chaotic, resulting in vast economic waste. The lexeme hypotheses are based on our analysis of how records are created. They enable a computer system to predict what issue a clinician will need to address next, based on the environment in which the clinician is working, and what responses the clinician has selected to date. The system uses a lexicon storing the issues (queries) and a range of responses to the issues. When the clinician selects a response, a text fragment is added to the output file. In the first phase of this work, the notes of 69 returning hemophilia patients were scrutinized, and the lexicon was expanded to 847 lexeme queries and 7995 responses to enable the construction of completed notes. The quality of lexeme-generated notes from 20 consecutive subjects was then compared to the clinicians' conventional clinic notes. The system generated grammatically correct notes. In comparison to the traditional clinic note, the lexeme-generated notes were more complete (88 % compared with 62 %), and had less typographical and grammatical errors (0.8 versus 3.5 errors per note). The system notes and traditional notes averaged about 800 words, but the traditional notes had a much wider distribution of lengths. The note-creation rate from marshalling the data to completion using the system averaged 80 wpm, twice as fast as the typical clinician can type. The lexeme method generates more complete, grammatical and organized notes faster than traditional methods. The notes are completely computerized at inception, and they incorporate prompts for clinicians to address otherwise overlooked items. This pilot justifies further exploration of this methodology.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Automation ; Clinical Competence ; Data Curation/standards ; Documentation/methods ; Hemophilia A/diagnosis ; Hemophilia A/therapy ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval/methods ; Medical History Taking/methods ; Medical Records ; Pilot Projects ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards ; Word Processing/statistics & numerical data ; Writing/standards ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-06
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1466296-6
    ISSN 1872-8243 ; 1386-5056
    ISSN (online) 1872-8243
    ISSN 1386-5056
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104095
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The Problem of Dementia Praecox.

    Macfarlane, D A

    California and western medicine

    2008  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 110–114

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2255398-8
    ISSN 2380-9922 ; 0093-4038
    ISSN (online) 2380-9922
    ISSN 0093-4038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Foreign body perforations in Meckel's diverticulum.

    MACFARLANE, D A

    The British journal of surgery

    2008  Volume 35, Issue 140, Page(s) 421–423

    MeSH term(s) Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Meckel Diverticulum
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 0007-1323 ; 0263-1202 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN 0007-1323 ; 0263-1202 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1002/bjs.18003514014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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  10. Article ; Online: Technology-enabled remote management of diabetes foot disease and potential for reduction in associated health costs: a pilot study.

    Main, Fiona / Zubala, Ania / Gorman, Jane / Jones, Sandra / Hall, Jenny / Macfarlane, David / MacRury, Sandra

    Journal of foot and ankle research

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

    Abstract: Diabetes-related foot disease, particularly when associated with amputation, affects quality of life and has a significant impact on health care costs. A pilot study using enhanced technology to facilitate remote access and video conferencing from rural ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes-related foot disease, particularly when associated with amputation, affects quality of life and has a significant impact on health care costs. A pilot study using enhanced technology to facilitate remote access and video conferencing from rural locations to the diabetes MDT through a new service pathway confirmed high levels of patient satisfaction with 89% of foot ulcers improved or stable and only two minor amputations. A health economic analysis suggested potential for significant cost savings if this was scaled up regionally. Further evaluation of an integrated pathway, impact on lower limb amputation rates and full health economic assessment is recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amputation/economics ; Amputation/statistics & numerical data ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diabetic Foot/economics ; Diabetic Foot/therapy ; Female ; Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Pilot Projects ; Podiatry/economics ; Podiatry/methods ; Quality of Life ; Rural Health Services/economics ; Rural Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Telemedicine/economics ; Telemedicine/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2440706-9
    ISSN 1757-1146 ; 1757-1146
    ISSN (online) 1757-1146
    ISSN 1757-1146
    DOI 10.1186/s13047-020-00444-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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