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Article ; Online: Understanding the direct synaptic effects of estradiol.

Maclusky, Neil J

2013 Volume 154, Issue 2, Page(s) 581–583

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Estrogen Receptor alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2013-1006
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Article ; Online: Regulated messenger ribonucleic Acid stability: a key actor in the complex play of hormonal control.

Lamarre, Jonathan / Maclusky, Neil J

Endocrinology

2010 Volume 151, Issue 4, Page(s) 1390

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; RNA Stability/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/physiology
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2009-1351
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Article: Similarities between actions of estrogen and BDNF in the hippocampus: coincidence or clue?

Scharfman, Helen E / Maclusky, Neil J

Trends in neurosciences

2005 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 79–85

Abstract: The principal ovarian estrogen, estradiol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have widespread effects on the CNS that have usually been studied independently. This article examines the similarities in the effects of estradiol and BDNF in the ... ...

Abstract	The principal ovarian estrogen, estradiol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have widespread effects on the CNS that have usually been studied independently. This article examines the similarities in the effects of estradiol and BDNF in the hippocampus, in light of the evidence that estradiol can induce BDNF expression, and recent data suggesting that structural and electrophysiological effects of estradiol in the hippocampus might be mediated by BDNF. The possible role of BDNF as a signaling molecule downstream of estrogen in the hippocampus has implications for our understanding of several cellular and behavioral hippocampal functions, including dendritic and synaptic plasticity, learning and cognitive behavior. Furthermore, disruption of the relationship between estrogen and BDNF could contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders that have been associated with the hippocampus, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression and epilepsy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Sex Factors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Estrogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	282488-7
ISSN	1878-108X ; 0166-2236 ; 0378-5912
ISSN (online)	1878-108X
ISSN	0166-2236 ; 0378-5912
DOI	10.1016/j.tins.2004.12.005
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Zs.A 1442: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Spike-wave discharges in adult Sprague-Dawley rats and their implications for animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Pearce, Patrice S / Friedman, Daniel / Lafrancois, John J / Iyengar, Sloka S / Fenton, André A / Maclusky, Neil J / Scharfman, Helen E

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

2014 Volume 32, Page(s) 121–131

Abstract: Spike-wave discharges (SWDs) are thalamocortical oscillations that are often considered to be the EEG correlate of absence seizures. Genetic absence epilepsy rats of Strasbourg (GAERS) and Wistar Albino Glaxo rats from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) exhibit SWDs and ...

Abstract	Spike-wave discharges (SWDs) are thalamocortical oscillations that are often considered to be the EEG correlate of absence seizures. Genetic absence epilepsy rats of Strasbourg (GAERS) and Wistar Albino Glaxo rats from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) exhibit SWDs and are considered to be genetic animal models of absence epilepsy. However, it has been reported that other rat strains have SWDs, suggesting that SWDs may vary in their prevalence, but all rats have a predisposition for them. This is important because many of these rat strains are used to study temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), where it is assumed that there is no seizure-like activity in controls. In the course of other studies using the Sprague-Dawley rat, a common rat strain for animal models of TLE, we found that approximately 19% of 2- to 3-month-old naive female Sprague-Dawley rats exhibited SWDs spontaneously during periods of behavioral arrest, which continued for months. Males exhibited SWDs only after 3 months of age, consistent with previous reports (Buzsáki et al., 1990). Housing in atypical lighting during early life appeared to facilitate the incidence of SWDs. Spike-wave discharges were often accompanied by behaviors similar to stage 1-2 limbic seizures. Therefore, additional analyses were made to address the similarity. We observed that the frequency of SWDs was similar to that of hippocampal theta rhythm during exploration for a given animal, typically 7-8 Hz. Therefore, activity in the frequency of theta rhythm that occurs during frozen behavior may not reflect seizures necessarily. Hippocampal recordings exhibited high frequency oscillations (>250 Hz) during SWDs, suggesting that neuronal activity in the hippocampus occurs during SWDs, i.e., it is not a passive structure. The data also suggest that high frequency oscillations, if rhythmic, may reflect SWDs. We also confirmed that SWDs were present in a common animal model of TLE, the pilocarpine model, using female Sprague-Dawley rats. Therefore, damage and associated changes to thalamic, hippocampal, and cortical neurons do not prevent SWDs, at least in this animal model. The results suggest that it is possible that SWDs occur in rodent models of TLE and that investigators mistakenly assume that they are stage 1-2 limbic seizures. We discuss the implications of the results and ways to avoid the potential problems associated with SWDs in animal models of TLE.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography/statistics & numerical data ; Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis ; Epilepsy, Absence/genetics ; Epilepsy, Absence/physiopathology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Male ; Muscarinic Agonists/administration & dosage ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/physiology ; Pilocarpine/administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Thalamus/pathology ; Thalamus/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Muscarinic Agonists ; Pilocarpine (01MI4Q9DI3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2010587-3
ISSN	1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
ISSN (online)	1525-5069
ISSN	1525-5050
DOI	10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.004
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Zs.A 5289: Show issues

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Article: Bisphenol A prevents the synaptogenic response to testosterone in the brain of adult male rats.

Leranth, Csaba / Szigeti-Buck, Klara / Maclusky, Neil J / Hajszan, Tibor

Endocrinology

2007 Volume 149, Issue 3, Page(s) 988–994

Abstract: Exposure measurement data from several developed countries indicate that human beings are widely exposed to low levels of the synthetic xenoestrogen, bisphenol A. We reported previously that bisphenol A, even at doses below the reference safe daily limit ...

Abstract	Exposure measurement data from several developed countries indicate that human beings are widely exposed to low levels of the synthetic xenoestrogen, bisphenol A. We reported previously that bisphenol A, even at doses below the reference safe daily limit for human exposure, recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, impairs the synaptogenic response to 17beta-estradiol in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats. Recent experiments revealed that bisphenol A also interferes with androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional activities. Thus, to investigate whether bisphenol A impairs synaptogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus of adult male rats, castrated and sham-operated animals were treated with different combinations of bisphenol A (300 microg/kg), testosterone propionate (1.5 mg/kg), and sesame oil vehicle. The brains were processed for electron microscopic stereology, and the number of asymmetric spine synapses in the mPFC and CA1 hippocampal area was estimated. In both regions analyzed, bisphenol A reduced the number of spine synapses in sham-operated, gonadally intact animals, which was accompanied by a compensatory increase in astroglia process density. In addition, bisphenol A prevented both the prefrontal and hippocampal synaptogenic response to testosterone supplementation in castrated males. These results demonstrate that bisphenol A interferes with the synaptogenic response to testosterone in the mPFC and hippocampus of adult male rats. Because the hippocampal synaptogenic action of androgens seems to be independent of androgen and estrogen receptors in males, the potential mechanisms that underlie these negative effects of bisphenol A remain the subject of further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Androgens/pharmacology ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Astrocytes/ultrastructure ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Cognition/drug effects ; Cognition/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/toxicity ; Hypothalamus/cytology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Phenols/toxicity ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology ; Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Testosterone Propionate/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; Phenols ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; bisphenol A (MLT3645I99) ; Testosterone Propionate (WI93Z9138A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2007-1053
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Article: Rapid enhancement of visual and place memory by estrogens in rats.

Luine, Victoria N / Jacome, Luis F / Maclusky, Neil J

Endocrinology

2003 Volume 144, Issue 7, Page(s) 2836–2844

Abstract: Estrogenic effects on visual (object recognition) and place (object placement) memory were investigated. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats received acute sc injections 30 min before a sample trial (viewing objects), and 4 h later a recognition/retention trial ... ...

Abstract	Estrogenic effects on visual (object recognition) and place (object placement) memory were investigated. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats received acute sc injections 30 min before a sample trial (viewing objects), and 4 h later a recognition/retention trial was performed. During recognition/retention trials, discrimination between sample (old) and new objects (visual memory) or between objects in sample (old) and new locations (place memory) was tested. Subjects given 17alpha- or 17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol (DES) 30 min before sample trials discriminated between objects or locations during recognition/retention trials whereas vehicle-treated, OVX rats did not. Estrogens were given a postsample trial to investigate whether enhancements were due to effects on memory processes or psychological/performance parameters. Hormones were given immediately after or 2 h after sample trials (delayed injections), and recognition/retention were tested 4 h after the sample trial. Both object and place discriminations were enhanced when estrogens were given immediately after sample trials, but not when injections were delayed. These results provide evidence that estrogen rapidly enhances visual and place memory. Moreover, posttraining injections suggest effects on mnemonic processes, consolidation, or encoding, not on performance parameters. Place memory enhancements required higher estrogen doses, both pre- and postsample trial. The rapid time course, stereospecificity of responses (alpha- and beta-estradiol are effective), and efficacy of various estrogens suggest interactions at other than classic estrogen alpha- or beta-receptors in mediating the effects. Thus, these results provide the first demonstration of rapid memory enhancements by estrogen and implicate nongenomic mechanisms, possibly an extranuclear receptor(s), in mediating the response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/drug effects ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Female ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Recognition (Psychology)/drug effects ; Retention (Psychology)/drug effects ; Space Perception/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Diethylstilbestrol (731DCA35BT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2003-0004
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Article ; Online: Effects of multiparity on recognition memory, monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Macbeth, Abbe H / Scharfman, Helen E / Maclusky, Neil J / Gautreaux, Claris / Luine, Victoria N

Hormones and behavior

2007 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–17

Abstract: Recognition memory and anxiety were examined in nulliparous (NP: 0 litters) and multiparous (MP: 5-6 litters) middle-aged female rats (12 months old) to assess possible enduring effects of multiparity at least 3 months after the last litter was weaned. ... ...

Abstract	Recognition memory and anxiety were examined in nulliparous (NP: 0 litters) and multiparous (MP: 5-6 litters) middle-aged female rats (12 months old) to assess possible enduring effects of multiparity at least 3 months after the last litter was weaned. MP females performed significantly better than NP females on the non-spatial memory task, object recognition, and the spatial memory task, object placement. Anxiety as measured on the elevated plus maze did not differ between groups. Monoaminergic activity and levels were measured in prefrontal cortex, CA1 hippocampus, CA3 hippocampus, and olfactory bulb (OB). NP and MP females differed in monoamine concentrations in the OB only, with MP females having significantly greater concentrations of dopamine and metabolite DOPAC, norepinephrine and metabolite MHPG, and the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA, as compared to NP females. These results indicate a long-term change in OB neurochemistry as a result of multiparity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also measured in hippocampus (CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus) and septum. MP females had higher BDNF levels in both CA1 and septum; as these regions are implicated in memory performance, elevated BDNF may underlie the observed memory task differences. Thus, MP females (experiencing multiple bouts of pregnancy, birth, and pup rearing during the first year of life) displayed enhanced memory task performance but equal anxiety responses, as compared to NP females. These results are consistent with previous studies showing long-term changes in behavioral function in MP, as compared to NP, rats and suggest that alterations in monoamines and a neurotrophin, BDNF, may contribute to the observed behavioral changes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biogenic Monoamines/metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Maze Learning/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/physiology ; Parity/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Septum of Brain/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biogenic Monoamines ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	214409-8
ISSN	1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
ISSN (online)	1095-6867
ISSN	0018-506X
DOI	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.08.011
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Zs.A 693: Show issues

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Article: Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of nutraceuticals from Sasha's Blend in a cartilage explant model of inflammation.

Pearson, Wendy / Orth, Michael W / Karrow, Niel A / Maclusky, Neil J / Lindinger, Michael I

Molecular nutrition & food research

2007 Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) 1020–1030

Abstract: New Zealand green lipped mussel (NZGLM), abalone (AB), and shark cartilage (SC) are extensively used for treatment of and/or as preventatives for arthritis, despite a relative paucity of scientific evidence for efficacy. This research integrated a ... ...

Abstract	New Zealand green lipped mussel (NZGLM), abalone (AB), and shark cartilage (SC) are extensively used for treatment of and/or as preventatives for arthritis, despite a relative paucity of scientific evidence for efficacy. This research integrated a simulated digestion protocol with ultrafiltration and cartilage explants to generate new information on the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties of NZGLM, SC, and AB. Each nutraceutical was artificially digested using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and the crude digest was ultrafiltered (50 kDa). Each filtrate was applied individually to cartilage explants before the explants were stimulated with IL-1 to induce an acute inflammatory response. Media were collected daily for 48 h and analyzed for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and nitric oxide (NO), and cartilage tissue was differentially stained to determine the relative proportion of live and dead cells. SC and NZGLM significantly inhibited IL-1-induced PGE(2) synthesis and IL-1-induced GAG release, and AB was an effective inhibitor of IL-1-induced NO production. The three test nutraceuticals affect at least three major pathways involved in the catabolic cycle of arthritis and may prove important treatments and/or preventatives for the pain and degradation associated with this condition. The methodology and results describe a useful model for evaluating dietary nutraceuticals in vitro.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Arthritis/therapy ; Bivalvia/chemistry ; Cartilage/chemistry ; Cartilage/drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Dinoprostone/analysis ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Gastric Juice/metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans/analysis ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Inflammation/etiology ; Inflammation/therapy ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Sharks ; Swine ; Tissue Culture Techniques
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Interleukin-1 ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2161265-1
ISSN	1613-4125
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.200700026
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Article: Aged rats: sex differences and responses to chronic stress.

Bowman, Rachel E / Maclusky, Neil J / Diaz, Samantha E / Zrull, Mark C / Luine, Victoria N

Brain research

2006 Volume 1126, Issue 1, Page(s) 156–166

Abstract: Cognitive, as well as physiological, sex differences exist in young adult rats under both basal conditions and following chronic stress; however, few studies have examined whether sex differences remain in aged subjects and whether responses to stress ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive, as well as physiological, sex differences exist in young adult rats under both basal conditions and following chronic stress; however, few studies have examined whether sex differences remain in aged subjects and whether responses to stress are altered. We compared aged male and female Fischer 344 rats (21.5 months at testing) without stress and when given 21 days of restraint for 6 h/day on locomotion, anxiety-related behaviors, object recognition (non-spatial memory), object placement (spatial memory), body weight and serum steroid hormone levels. Control (unstressed) females had lower levels of estradiol and testosterone and higher corticosterone than males, and stress had no lasting effect on hormone concentrations. Females weighed less than males and showed less weight loss with stress. Locomotion measures on an open field were similar in the sexes and unaffected by stress. Anxiety-related behavior measures on the field showed that males were generally more anxious and that stress increased male, but decreased, female anxiety-related behaviors. In memory testing, exploration of objects was not different between the sexes, with or without stress, while stress increased exploration in both sexes during object recognition trials. Both males and females, regardless of treatment, discriminated between old and new objects at short, but not long, inter-trial delays. The typical advantage of young males for spatial memory performance was not observed in aged subjects on the object placement tasks. Stress-dependent enhancements in females and impairments in males for object placement are reported for young rats, but in aged rats, neither sex was altered by stress. Current data suggest that aging is associated with changes in the pattern of sex differences present in young adult rats in some behaviors and in the behavioral responses to stress.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Anxiety Disorders/etiology ; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism ; Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Body Weight/physiology ; Chronic Disease/psychology ; Cortisone/blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Memory Disorders/metabolism ; Memory Disorders/physiopathology ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Recognition (Psychology)/physiology ; Restraint, Physical ; Sex Characteristics ; Space Perception/physiology ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
Chemical Substances	Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Cortisone (V27W9254FZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-12-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1200-2
ISSN	1872-6240 ; 0006-8993
ISSN (online)	1872-6240
ISSN	0006-8993
DOI	10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.047
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Zs.A 161: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A rat model of epilepsy in women: a tool to study physiological interactions between endocrine systems and seizures.

Scharfman, Helen E / Malthankar-Phatak, Gauri H / Friedman, Daniel / Pearce, Patrice / McCloskey, Daniel P / Harden, Cynthia L / Maclusky, Neil J

Endocrinology

2009 Volume 150, Issue 9, Page(s) 4437–4442

Abstract: Epilepsy in women is influenced by endocrine status and antiepileptic drugs, but without an animal model, the effects of endocrine variables and antiepileptic drugs cannot be easily dissociated from the influence of epilepsy itself. Animal models have ... ...

Abstract	Epilepsy in women is influenced by endocrine status and antiepileptic drugs, but without an animal model, the effects of endocrine variables and antiepileptic drugs cannot be easily dissociated from the influence of epilepsy itself. Animal models have had limited utility because experimentally induced seizures typically result in reproductive failure. This study was conducted to develop an improved animal model. The muscarinic convulsant pilocarpine was used to elicit status epilepticus (SE) in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene was administered 30 min before pilocarpine. An anticonvulsant barbiturate, pentobarbital, was injected 5-10 min after the onset of SE and at least once thereafter to minimize acute convulsions. Mortality, morbidity, estrous cyclicity, and the ultimate success of the procedure (i.e. induction of recurrent, spontaneous seizures) were monitored. The combination of raloxifene and pentobarbital led to significantly improved estrous cyclicity compared with previous methods. Animals treated with raloxifene and pentobarbital became epileptic, as defined by the recurrence of spontaneous convulsions in the weeks after SE. The results of this study provide an improved animal model to examine the interactions between seizures and ovarian hormone secretion. The results also suggest that treatment of SE with raloxifene may benefit women with SE.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Estrous Cycle/drug effects ; Female ; Pentobarbital/therapeutic use ; Pilocarpine ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced ; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants ; Pilocarpine (01MI4Q9DI3) ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride (4F86W47BR6) ; Pentobarbital (I4744080IR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2009-0135
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