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  1. Article ; Online: State of the art in non-invasive imaging of cutaneous melanoma.

    Smith, Louise / Macneil, Sheila

    Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)

    2011  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 257–269

    Abstract: Background: This review focuses on looking at recent developments in the non-invasive imaging of skin, in particular at how such imaging may be used at present or in the future to detect cutaneous melanoma.: Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed ... ...

    Abstract Background: This review focuses on looking at recent developments in the non-invasive imaging of skin, in particular at how such imaging may be used at present or in the future to detect cutaneous melanoma.
    Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for papers using imaging techniques to evaluate cutaneous melanoma, including melanoma metastasis.
    Results: Nine different techniques were found: dermoscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (including multiphoton microscopy), optical coherence tomography, high frequency ultrasound, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and Fourier, Raman, and photoacoustic spectroscopies. This review contrasts the effectiveness of these techniques when seeking to image melanomas in skin.
    Conclusions: Despite the variety of techniques available for detecting melanoma, there remains a critical need for a high-resolution technique to answer the question of whether tumours have invaded through the basement membrane.
    MeSH term(s) Dermoscopy/trends ; Diagnostic Imaging/trends ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Melanoma/diagnosis ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1229160-2
    ISSN 1600-0846 ; 0909-752X ; 1397-1344
    ISSN (online) 1600-0846
    ISSN 0909-752X ; 1397-1344
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00503.x
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    Zs.A 4278: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: An Improved

    Mangir, Naside / Raza, Ahtasham / Haycock, John W / Chapple, Christopher / Macneil, Sheila

    In vivo (Athens, Greece)

    2018  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 461–472

    Abstract: Background/aim: Decreasing the vascularity of a tumour has proven to be an effective strategy to suppress tumour growth and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage cancers, however there is still demand ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: Decreasing the vascularity of a tumour has proven to be an effective strategy to suppress tumour growth and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage cancers, however there is still demand for further improvement. This necessitates new experimental models that will allow researchers to reliably study aspects of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an in vivo technique in which the highly vascular and accessible chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo is used to study tumour-induced changes in the macro and microvessels.
    Materials and methods: Two cancer cell lines (human melanoma (C8161) and human prostate cancer (PC3)) were selected as model cells. Human dermal fibroblasts were used as a control. One million cells were labelled with green fluorescent protein and implanted on the CAM of the chick embryo at embryonic development day (EDD) 7 and angiogenesis was evaluated at EDDs 10, 12 and 14. A fluorescently-tagged lectin (lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)) was injected intravenously into the chick embryo to label endothelial cells. The LCA is known to label the luminal surface of endothelial cells, or dextrans, in the CAM vasculature. Macrovessels were imaged by a hand-held digital microscope and images were processed for quantification. Microvessels were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Tumour invasion was assessed by histological and optical sectioning.
    Results: Tumour cells (C8161 and PC3) produced quantifiable increases in the total area covered by blood vessels, compared to fibroblasts when assessed by digital microscopy. Tumour invasion could be demonstrated by both histological and optical sectioning. The most significant changes in tumour vasculature observed were in the microvascular structures adjacent to the tumour cells, which showed an increase in the endothelial cell coverage. Additionally, tumour intravasation and tumour thrombus formation could be detected in the areas adjacent to tumour cells. The fragility of tumour blood vessels could be demonstrated when tumour cells seeded on a synthetic scaffold were grown on CAM.
    Conclusion: We report on a modification to a well-studied CAM in vivo assay, which can be effectively used to study tumour induced changes in macro and microvasculature.
    MeSH term(s) Allantois/blood supply ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Microvessels/pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Tissue Scaffolds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-24
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 807031-3
    ISSN 1791-7549 ; 0258-851X
    ISSN (online) 1791-7549
    ISSN 0258-851X
    DOI 10.21873/invivo.11262
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  3. Article: Developing improved tissue-engineered buccal mucosa grafts for urethral reconstruction.

    Simsek, Abdulmuttalip / Bullock, Anthony J / Roman, Sabi / Chapple, Chirstoper R / Macneil, Sheila

    Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada

    2018  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) E234–E242

    Abstract: Introduction: We aimed to compare alternative synthetic scaffolds suitable for future implantation and to examine the use of an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase (beta-amino-propionitrile [β-APN]) to reduce contraction in these implants.: Methods: Three ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: We aimed to compare alternative synthetic scaffolds suitable for future implantation and to examine the use of an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase (beta-amino-propionitrile [β-APN]) to reduce contraction in these implants.
    Methods: Three synthetic scaffolds were compared to natural dermis as substrates for the production of tissue-engineered skin. For natural dermis, Euroskin was used to provide a cell-free cadaveric dermis. Synthetic scaffolds consisted of microfibrous poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and a micro-/nanofibrous trilayer of PLA-PHBV-PLA. The latter were all electrospun and then all four scaffolds (three synthetic, one natural) were placed in six well plates. A culture well was formed on the scaffold using a 1 cm diameter stainless steel ring and 1.5×10
    Results: The mean fibre diameters and pore sizes of PLA and PHBV scaffolds were 2.4±0.77, 0.85±0.21 μm (p<0.001), and 10.8±2.3, 4.3±1.1 μm (p<0.001), respectively. Oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes were tightly adhered and grew well on both surfaces of trilayer. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus (YM) of PLA samples were significantly lower than Euroskin (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively); only the UTS of the trilayer samples was slightly significantly lower (p<0.05). Metabolic activity was significantly increased for cells on all scaffolds, without significant differences between them from Day 0 to Day 28. There were no adverse effects of β-APN on cell viability. With respect to contraction, cells on trilayer and PHBV monolayers did not undergo any significant contraction; however, cells on PLA monolayer and Euroskin contracted 25.3% and 56.4%, respectively, over 28 days. The addition of 200 μg/ml β-APN significantly reduced contraction of Euroskin compared with the control (p<0.01); however, β-APN did not affect PLA contraction during this culture period (p>0.05).
    Conclusions: This study shows that a trilayer micro-nano-3D porous synthetic scaffold is suitable for oral keratinocyte and fibroblast growth with good cell viability and minimal contraction. This material also has good mechanical properties and histological analyses showed its ability to mimic normal human oral mucosal morphology. Furthermore, synthetic trilayer scaffolds have advantages over biological scaffolds - there is no risk of disease transmission or immunological rejection and they appear resistant to contraction. We suggest they present a good alternative to allodermis for future use in urethral reconstruction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-06
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2431403-1
    ISSN 1911-6470
    ISSN 1911-6470
    DOI 10.5489/cuaj.4826
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  4. Article ; Online: Cultivation of limbal epithelial cells on electrospun poly (lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds for delivery to the cornea.

    Deshpande, Pallavi / Ramachandran, Charanya / Sangwan, Virender S / Macneil, Sheila

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2013  Volume 1014, Page(s) 179–185

    Abstract: In delivering tissues to the body, both natural and synthetic materials have been used. Currently, a natural membrane, the human amniotic membrane (AM), is used to deliver limbal epithelial cells (LEC) to the cornea. AM presents inherent problems with ... ...

    Abstract In delivering tissues to the body, both natural and synthetic materials have been used. Currently, a natural membrane, the human amniotic membrane (AM), is used to deliver limbal epithelial cells (LEC) to the cornea. AM presents inherent problems with structural variation and requires extensive serological screening before use. Therefore alternatives are required to improve the predictability in clinical outcomes and economic costs associated with the use of this biological substrate. In this chapter, we describe the development of an alternative, structurally simple, synthetic biodegradable electrospun scaffold based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA: materials used in dissolvable sutures) to replace AM.
    MeSH term(s) 3T3 Cells ; Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Coculture Techniques ; Corneal Diseases/therapy ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/transplantation ; Feeder Cells ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/chemistry ; Limbus Corneae/cytology ; Mice ; Polyglycolic Acid/chemistry ; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer (1SIA8062RS) ; Polyglycolic Acid (26009-03-0) ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-432-6_12
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  5. Article ; Online: A comparison of imaging methodologies for 3D tissue engineering.

    Smith, Louise E / Smallwood, Rod / Macneil, Sheila

    Microscopy research and technique

    2010  Volume 73, Issue 12, Page(s) 1123–1133

    Abstract: Imaging of cells in two dimensions is routinely performed within cell biology and tissue engineering laboratories. When biology moves into three dimensions imaging becomes more challenging, especially when multiple cell types are used. This review ... ...

    Abstract Imaging of cells in two dimensions is routinely performed within cell biology and tissue engineering laboratories. When biology moves into three dimensions imaging becomes more challenging, especially when multiple cell types are used. This review compares imaging techniques used regularly in our laboratory in the culture of cells in both two and three dimensions. The techniques reviewed include phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. We compare these techniques to the current "gold standard" for imaging three-dimensional tissue engineered constructs, histology.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy/methods ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1099714-3
    ISSN 1097-0029 ; 1059-910X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0029
    ISSN 1059-910X
    DOI 10.1002/jemt.20859
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    Zs.A 2251: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  6. Article ; Online: Are biomechanical properties predictive of the success of prostheses used in stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse? A systematic review.

    Mangera, Altaf / Bullock, Anthony J / Chapple, Christopher R / Macneil, Sheila

    Neurourology and urodynamics

    2012  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–21

    Abstract: Aims: Progressive weakness in pelvic floor tissues is extremely common and leads to the distressing problems of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). There has been extensive work on a vast array of materials spanning ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Progressive weakness in pelvic floor tissues is extremely common and leads to the distressing problems of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). There has been extensive work on a vast array of materials spanning synthetics, autografts, allografts, and xenografts. Uniaxial testing of materials has been used to predict their success and rates of erosion. We aimed to compare the uniaxial properties of prostheses to native paravaginal tissue and correlate these to their success and erosion rates.
    Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify the biomechanical properties of paravaginal tissue and of prostheses used in the treatment of SUI and POP. We examined to what extent these findings correlated to their reported success and erosion rates.
    Results: Biomechanical properties have been determined for prostheses used in the treatment of POP and SUI both pre- and post-implantation in animal models. Implantation generally led to a decrease in ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus. We were unable to find any simple correlation between the uniaxial mechanical properties of materials and their success or erosion rates.
    Conclusions: Mechanical properties of prostheses, as measured by uniaxial testing, only appears to form part of the picture. We suggest implant integration and host responses to materials, as well as the biomechanical properties of the materials need to be considered to design materials to achieve lasting clinical benefit.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/therapy ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostheses and Implants ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604904-7
    ISSN 1520-6777 ; 0733-2467
    ISSN (online) 1520-6777
    ISSN 0733-2467
    DOI 10.1002/nau.21156
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  7. Article ; Online: Tissue engineering airway mucosa: a systematic review.

    Hamilton, Nicholas / Bullock, Anthony J / Macneil, Sheila / Janes, Sam M / Birchall, Martin

    The Laryngoscope

    2013  Volume 124, Issue 4, Page(s) 961–968

    Abstract: Objectives/hypothesis: Effective treatments for hollow organ stenosis, scarring, or agenesis are suboptimal or lacking. Tissue-engineered implants may provide a solution, but those performed to date are limited by poor mucosalization after ... ...

    Abstract Objectives/hypothesis: Effective treatments for hollow organ stenosis, scarring, or agenesis are suboptimal or lacking. Tissue-engineered implants may provide a solution, but those performed to date are limited by poor mucosalization after transplantation. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature on tissue-engineered airway mucosa. Our objectives were to assess the success of this technology and its potential application to airway regenerative medicine and to determine the direction of future research to maximize its therapeutic and commercial potential.
    Data sources and review methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed searching Medline (January 1996) and Embase (January 1980) using search terms "tissue engineering" or "tissue" and "engineering" or "tissue engineered" and "mucous membrane" or "mucous" and "membrane" or "mucosa." Original studies utilizing tissue engineering to regenerate airway mucosa within the trachea or the main bronchi in animal models or human studies were included.
    Results: A total of 719 papers matched the search criteria, with 17 fulfilling the entry criteria. Of these 17, four investigated mucosal engineering in humans, with the remaining 13 studies investigating mucosal engineering in animal models. The review demonstrated how an intact mucosal layer protects against infection and suggests a role for fibroblasts in facilitating epithelial regeneration in vitro. A range of scaffold materials were used, but no single material was clearly superior to the others.
    Conclusion: The review highlights gaps in the literature and recommends key directions for future research such as epithelial tracking and the role of the extracellular environment.
    MeSH term(s) Airway Obstruction/surgery ; Guided Tissue Regeneration/methods ; Humans ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology ; Tissue Engineering/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80180-x
    ISSN 1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
    ISSN (online) 1531-4995
    ISSN 0023-852X
    DOI 10.1002/lary.24469
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    Ul II Zs.82: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Application of Tissue Engineering to Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence.

    Chapple, Christopher R / Osman, Nadir I / Mangera, Altaf / Hillary, Christopher / Roman, Sabiniano / Bullock, Anthony / Macneil, Sheila

    Lower urinary tract symptoms

    2015  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–70

    Abstract: Synthetic or biological materials can be used for the surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or stress urinary incontinence (SUI). While non-degradable synthetic mesh has a low failure rate, it is prone to complications such as infection and ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic or biological materials can be used for the surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or stress urinary incontinence (SUI). While non-degradable synthetic mesh has a low failure rate, it is prone to complications such as infection and erosion, particularly in the urological/gynecological setting when subject to chronic influences of gravity and intermittent, repetitive strain. Biological materials have lower complication rates, although allografts and xenografts have a high risk of failure and the theoretical risk of infection. Autografts are used successfully for the treatment of SUI and are not associated with erosion; however, can lead to morbidity at the donor site. Tissue engineering has thus become the focus of interest in recent years as researchers seek an ideal tissue remodeling material for urogynecological repair. Herein, we review the directions of current and future research in this exciting field. Electrospun poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) and porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) are two promising scaffold material candidates. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) appear to be a suitable cell type for scaffold seeding, and cells grown on scaffolds when subjected to repetitive biaxial strain show more appropriate biomechanical properties for clinical implantation. After implantation, an appropriate level of acute inflammation is important to precipitate moderate fibrosis and encourage tissue strength. New research directions include the use of bioactive materials containing compounds that may help facilitate integration of the new tissue. More research with longer follow-up is needed to ascertain the most successful and safe methods and materials for pelvic organ repair and SUI treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Guided Tissue Regeneration/methods ; Humans ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2519111-1
    ISSN 1757-5672 ; 1757-5664
    ISSN (online) 1757-5672
    ISSN 1757-5664
    DOI 10.1111/luts.12098
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    Zs.A 6822: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: In situ image analysis of interactions between normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional fibrin gels.

    Sun, Tao / Haycock, John / Macneil, Sheila

    Biomaterials

    2006  Volume 27, Issue 18, Page(s) 3459–3465

    Abstract: The non-invasive investigation of different cells to interact and become spatially organised in a three-dimensional (3D) environment or scaffold is an important challenge in tissue engineering and tissue physiology. The aim of the present study was to ... ...

    Abstract The non-invasive investigation of different cells to interact and become spatially organised in a three-dimensional (3D) environment or scaffold is an important challenge in tissue engineering and tissue physiology. The aim of the present study was to develop 3D cell culture systems using fibrin gels, which would allow for the single and co-culture of different cell types with in situ image analysis. Two chambers were constructed for mono-culture and co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. During cell culture, in situ imaging and morphological characterisation of cells was assessed using brightfield light and/or fluorescence microscopy, and later confirmed by staining of fixed cells using immunofluorescence microscopy. The results showed that it was possible to investigate fibroblast and keratinocyte interactions in a fibrin scaffold for at least 12 days. Using this model system it was found that when a co-culture of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were plated on top of the fibrin gels, fibroblasts were seen to migrate into the gels within 2-3 days in contrast to keratinocytes, which did not enter. However, keratinocytes were found to retard fibroblast migration into gels when compared to fibroblasts cultured on their own, illustrating the dependency of intracellular communication on cell position for reconstructive approaches.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Communication ; Coculture Techniques/methods ; Fibrin/chemistry ; Fibroblasts/chemistry ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Gels/chemistry ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/chemistry ; Keratinocytes/cytology ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods
    Chemical Substances Gels ; Fibrin (9001-31-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-02-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603079-8
    ISSN 0142-9612
    ISSN 0142-9612
    DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.058
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  10. Article ; Online: Transforming ocular surface stem cell research into successful clinical practice.

    Sangwan, Virender S / Jain, Rajat / Basu, Sayan / Bagadi, Anupam B / Sureka, Shraddha / Mariappan, Indumathi / Macneil, Sheila

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2014  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 29–40

    Abstract: It has only been a quarter of a century since the discovery of adult stem cells at the human corneo-scleral limbus. These limbal stem cells are responsible for generating a constant and unending supply of corneal epithelial cells throughout life, thus ... ...

    Abstract It has only been a quarter of a century since the discovery of adult stem cells at the human corneo-scleral limbus. These limbal stem cells are responsible for generating a constant and unending supply of corneal epithelial cells throughout life, thus maintaining a stable and uniformly refractive corneal surface. Establishing this hitherto unknown association between ocular surface disease and limbal dysfunction helped usher in therapeutic approaches that successfully addressed blinding conditions such as ocular burns, which were previously considered incurable. Subsequent advances in ocular surface biology through basic science research have translated into innovations that have made the surgical technique of limbal stem cell transplantation simpler and more predictable. This review recapitulates the basic biology of the limbus and the rationale and principles of limbal stem cell transplantation in ocular surface disease. An evidence-based algorithm is presented, which is tailored to clinical considerations such as laterality of affliction, severity of limbal damage and concurrent need for other procedures. Additionally, novel findings in the form of factors influencing the survival and function of limbal stem cells after transplantation and the possibility of substituting limbal cells with epithelial stem cells of other lineages is also discussed. Finally this review focuses on the future directions in which both basic science and clinical research in this field is headed.
    MeSH term(s) Corneal Diseases/surgery ; Corneal Transplantation/methods ; Humans ; Stem Cell Research ; Stem Cell Transplantation/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-31
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/0301-4738.126173
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