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  1. Article: The aspergillic acid biosynthetic gene cluster predicts neoaspergillic acid production in Aspergillus section Circumdati

    Lebar, M.D / Mack, B.M / Carter-Wientjes, C.H / Gilbert, M.K

    World mycotoxin journal. 2019 July 1, v. 12, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: The fungus Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic crop pathogen that produces aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and hepatotoxic secondary metabolites that are highly regulated in most countries. A. flavus also produces many other secondary ... ...

    Abstract The fungus Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic crop pathogen that produces aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and hepatotoxic secondary metabolites that are highly regulated in most countries. A. flavus also produces many other secondary metabolites and harbours more than 50 putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that have yet to be characterised. Bioactive secondary metabolites that augment the ability of the fungus to infect crops are of particular interest. Biosynthetic gene cluster 11 in A. flavus has been recently shown to encode for the biosynthesis of aspergillic acid, a toxic hydroxamic acid-containing pyrazinone compound that can bind iron, resulting in a red-orange pigment known as ferriaspergillin. A decrease in A. flavus pathogenicity and aflatoxin contamination was observed when aspergillic acid biosynthesis was blocked during maize seed infection. In this study, we probe the available genomes of Aspergillus species for biosynthetic gene cluster 11 homologs. We find that all species possessing gene cluster 11 produce aspergillic acid or a closely related isomer. We demonstrate that the Aspergillus section Flavi species harbouring biosynthetic gene cluster 11 produce a mixture of aspergillic acid, hydroxyaspergillic acid, and aspergillic acid analogs differing only in the amino acid precursors. Interestingly, many Aspergillus section Circumdati species, known mainly for their production of the problematic mycotoxin ochratoxin A, also harbour gene cluster 11 homologs, but do not produce aspergillic acid. Instead, these species produce neoaspergillic acid and its hydroxylated analog neohydroxyaspergillic acid, indicating that cluster 11 is responsible for neoaspergillic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus section Circumdati.
    Keywords Aspergillus flavus ; Zea mays ; aflatoxins ; amino acids ; biosynthesis ; carcinogenicity ; corn ; crops ; fungi ; hepatotoxicity ; hydroxylation ; iron ; isomers ; multigene family ; ochratoxin A ; pathogenicity ; pathogens ; secondary metabolites
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0701
    Size p. 213-222.
    Publishing place Wageningen Academic Publishers
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2470049-6
    ISSN 1875-0796 ; 1875-0710
    ISSN (online) 1875-0796
    ISSN 1875-0710
    DOI 10.3920/WMJ2018.2397
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: The aspergillic acid biosynthetic gene cluster predicts neoaspergillic acid production in Aspergillus section Circumdati

    Lebar, M. D. / Mack, B. M. / Carter-Wientjes, C. H. / Gilbert, M. K.

    World mycotoxin journal

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 273

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2470049-6
    ISSN 1875-0710
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article: A hypothesis to explain how LaeA specifically regulates certain secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters

    Ehrlich, K.C / Mack, B.M / Cary, J.W / Bhatnagar, D / Kale, S.P

    World mycotoxin journal. 2011 Feb., v. 4 no. 1

    2011  

    Abstract: Biosynthesis of mycotoxins involves transcriptional co-regulation of sets of clustered genes. We hypothesise that specific control of transcription of genes in these clusters by LaeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolite production and development ... ...

    Abstract Biosynthesis of mycotoxins involves transcriptional co-regulation of sets of clustered genes. We hypothesise that specific control of transcription of genes in these clusters by LaeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolite production and development in many filamentous fungi, results from its interaction with a Cys6Zn2 DNA-binding protein unique to the gene cluster.
    Keywords gene expression regulation ; secondary metabolites ; mycotoxins ; multigene family ; fungi ; DNA-binding proteins ; aflatoxins ; Aspergillus flavus
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-02
    Size p. 53-58.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2470049-6
    ISSN 1875-0710
    ISSN 1875-0710
    DOI 10.3920/WMJ2010.1230
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Book ; Online: Search for $B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ decays and measurement of the branching fraction ratio ${\cal B}(B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+)$

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    2023  

    Abstract: The first search for nonresonant $B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ decays is reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence ... ...

    Abstract The first search for nonresonant $B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ decays is reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence for an excess of signal events over background is observed and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction ratio ${\cal B}(B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+) < 2.1\times 10^{-4}$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Additionally, an updated measurement of the ratio of the $B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+$ and $B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+$ branching fractions is reported. The ratio ${\cal B}(B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+)$ is measured to be $0.254\pm 0.018 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.005$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of the leptonic $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ decays. This measurement is the most precise to date and is consistent with previous LHCb results.

    Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2023-037.html (LHCb public pages)
    Keywords High Energy Physics - Experiment
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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