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  1. Article ; Online: Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

    Pernicová, Eva / Macounová, Petra / Krsek, Martin / Maďar, Rastislav

    European neurology

    2023  Volume 86, Issue 4, Page(s) 263–276

    Abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents one of the most challenging issues that have recently influenced everyday life in countries all over the world. Understanding the risk of this disease is of high importance in patients with multiple ... ...

    Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents one of the most challenging issues that have recently influenced everyday life in countries all over the world. Understanding the risk of this disease is of high importance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as they represent a vulnerable population through their treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Infective episodes may trigger relapses and lead to deterioration of the health condition.
    Summary: Vaccination is an important preventive measure against infectious diseases. In MS patients, concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of vaccines in patients on various immunomodulatory drugs and about their possible adverse effects including impairment of neurological functions. The objectives of this article were to summarize the current knowledge on immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines and their safety in MS patients and to provide practical guidance based on the data available to date.
    Key messages: Although MS is not associated with a higher risk of COVID-19, this infection can trigger relapses or pseudo-relapses. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are recommended for all MS patients who are not in the active phase of the disease, despite the fact that there is still a lack of long-term reliable data on the effectiveness and safety of vaccines against COVID-19. Some DMTs can reduce vaccine humoral responses, but might still provide some protection and adequate T-cell response. To optimize the effectiveness of vaccination, the ideal timing of vaccine application and DMTs dosing regimen is crucial.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209426-5
    ISSN 1421-9913 ; 0014-3022
    ISSN (online) 1421-9913
    ISSN 0014-3022
    DOI 10.1159/000529982
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: HCAR1-Mediated L-Lactate Signaling Suppresses Microglial Phagocytosis.

    Nicola, Raneen / Madar, Ravit / Okun, Eitan

    Neuromolecular medicine

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 399–404

    Abstract: Microglia, the primary brain-resident immune cells, protect the brain from various harmful pathogens, insulting and maintaining its homeostasis by phagocytosing extracellular particles. How microglia are metabolically regulated by their microenvironment ... ...

    Abstract Microglia, the primary brain-resident immune cells, protect the brain from various harmful pathogens, insulting and maintaining its homeostasis by phagocytosing extracellular particles. How microglia are metabolically regulated by their microenvironment remains largely elusive. Here, we investigated how extracellular lactate, which is abundant in the brain and dynamically changes in pathological states, affects microglial phagocytotic ability. We show that L-lactate reduces microglia phagocytic capacity in a Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 but not Monocarboxylate transporter 1-dependent manner. Our findings point to a potential role for extracellular lactate in suppressing the phagocytic activity of microglial cells in homeostasis and inflammatory conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Microglia ; Lactic Acid ; Phagocytosis ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2077809-0
    ISSN 1559-1174 ; 1535-1084
    ISSN (online) 1559-1174
    ISSN 1535-1084
    DOI 10.1007/s12017-022-08710-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care: User-Centered Design Approach.

    Madar, Ronni / Ugon, Adrien / Ivanković, Damir / Tsopra, Rosy

    Journal of medical Internet research

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) e25741

    Abstract: Background: Antibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale ... ...

    Abstract Background: Antibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale dissemination of CPGs, GPs continue to prescribe antibiotics that are not recommended as first-line treatments. This nonadherence to recommendations may be due to GPs misunderstanding the CPGs. A web interface displaying antibiotic prescription recommendations and their justifications could help to improve the comprehensibility and readability of CPGs, thereby increasing the adoption of recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment.
    Objective: This study aims to design and evaluate a web interface for antibiotic prescription displaying both the recommended antibiotics and their justifications in the form of antibiotic properties.
    Methods: A web interface was designed according to the same principles as e-commerce interfaces and was assessed by 117 GPs. These GPs were asked to answer 17 questions relating to the usefulness, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility and readability of the interface, and their satisfaction with it. Responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from "absolutely disagree" to "absolutely agree"). At the end of the evaluation, the GPs were allowed to provide optional, additional free comments.
    Results: The antibiotic prescription web interface consists of three main sections: a clinical summary section, a filter section, and a recommended antibiotics section. The majority of GPs appreciated the clinical summary (90/117, 76.9%) and filter (98/117, 83.8%) sections, whereas 48.7% (57/117) of them reported difficulty reading some of the icons in the recommended antibiotics section. Overall, 82.9% (97/117) of GPs found the display of drug properties useful, and 65.8% (77/117) reported that the web interface improved their understanding of CPG recommendations.
    Conclusions: The web interface displaying antibiotic recommendations and their properties can help doctors understand the rationale underlying CPG recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment, but further improvements are required before its implementation into a clinical decision support system.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Prescriptions ; Primary Health Care ; User-Centered Design
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2028830-X
    ISSN 1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
    ISSN (online) 1438-8871
    ISSN 1439-4456
    DOI 10.2196/25741
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Perception of health risk and compliance with preventive measures related to COVID-19 in the Czech population: preliminary results of a rapid questionnaire survey.

    Dalecká, Andrea / Šlachtová, Hana / Tomášková, Hana / Maďar, Rastislav

    International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–176

    Abstract: Objectives: In the Czech Republic, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) has been decelerated by quickly adopting strict and strongly limiting government measures. In this study, the authors present the preliminary results (April 1-5, 2020) ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In the Czech Republic, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) has been decelerated by quickly adopting strict and strongly limiting government measures. In this study, the authors present the preliminary results (April 1-5, 2020) of a public risk perception study of COVID‑19.
    Material and methods: The online questionnaire survey was announced in the national TV and radio stations with the nationwide coverage. Respondents were recruited through the website of the University of Ostrava during the first 5 days of the survey (N = 7966). The data covered risk perception with a focus on physical and psychological aspects, the current socio-economic situation and adaptation to the lockdown. The authors used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as well as ordered logistic regression, with a significance level of 5% using STATA version 15.
    Results: From the total sample of the respondents aged 40 years on average (a range of 15-87 years), the present study shows that women (p < 0.001) and elderly people (p < 0.001) perceived the health risk related to COVID‑19 as significantly worse than others. Older people (>60 years) perceived their mental health as significantly better than younger participants (p < 0.001). Most of the respondents assessed the adopted measures as adequate (71%) and believed in their effectiveness (69.7%).
    Conclusions: This study contributes to understanding the risk perception as a public response to the COVID‑19 pandemic. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(2):165-76.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Czech Republic/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Perception/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1199049-1
    ISSN 1896-494X ; 0867-8383 ; 1232-1087
    ISSN (online) 1896-494X
    ISSN 0867-8383 ; 1232-1087
    DOI 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01747
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The Role of Acute Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in the Czech Republic.

    Guřan, Zdeněk / Pastucha, Dalibor / Sněhotová, Zuzana / Honzíková, Lucie / Maďar, Rastislav / Tomášková, Hana

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 5

    Abstract: In this retrospective study, we used data from the hospital information system (HIS) to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on rehabilitation care at the University Hospital of Ostrava (UHO). From March 2020 to December 2021, 5173 COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract In this retrospective study, we used data from the hospital information system (HIS) to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on rehabilitation care at the University Hospital of Ostrava (UHO). From March 2020 to December 2021, 5173 COVID-19 cases were hospitalized at UHO. Cases within individual groups and categories are shown in a flowchart. The average patient age was 64.9 ± 16.9 years. The mean BMI value was 30.6 ± 6.8 in the rehabilitated group, which was significantly higher compared to that among the non-rehabilitated cases 29.1 ± 6.9 (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life13051212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A modified Barnes maze for an accurate assessment of spatial learning in mice.

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Okun, Eitan

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2020  Volume 334, Page(s) 108579

    Abstract: Background: The Morris water maze (MWM) and the Barnes maze (BM) are among the most widely-used paradigms for assessing spatial learning in rodents, with specific advantages and disadvantages for each apparatus. Compared with the intense water-related ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Morris water maze (MWM) and the Barnes maze (BM) are among the most widely-used paradigms for assessing spatial learning in rodents, with specific advantages and disadvantages for each apparatus. Compared with the intense water-related stress exerted during the MWM, the BM exhibits a milder light-induced stress, while suffering from biasing animals towards non-spatial strategies such as serial search, a heuristic non-spatial search strategy. To overcome this problem, we have developed a modified Barnes maze (MBM) apparatus that recapitulates natural environments more accurately without inducing undesirable exploration strategy bias.
    New method: Apparatus. A circular 122 cm-wide table with 40 randomly placed holes. One target hole is leading to an escape chamber. Task. Three target locations were examined, varying in their distance from the center. C57BL6/j male mice were given three trials per day to find the target. Following acquisition, a probe test was performed by removing the escape chamber.
    Results: Spatial-encoding-depended reduction in latency to reach the target was observed, along with improvement in path efficiency with test progress. Mice tested with peripheral and distal targets outperformed mice tested with a central target. A robust exploration pattern was identified in the probe test.
    Comparison with existing method: The MBM mimics natural environment to a higher degree of accuracy than the BM, without eliciting bias towards non-spatial searching strategies.
    Conclusions: Spatial learning in the MBM is a target-location sensitive process, providing flexibility in task difficulty. Along with overcoming biases towards non-spatial strategies, the MBM represents an improvement over the well-validated BM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Induction of an effective anti-Amyloid-β humoral response in aged mice.

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Hirsh, Tamir / Biragyn, Arya / Okun, Eitan

    Vaccine

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 34, Page(s) 4817–4829

    Abstract: Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the ... ...

    Abstract Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the response is T cell dependent. The result is a more severe morbidity following infections, more prolonged and frequent hospitalization, and a higher mortality rate than in the general population. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop vaccination strategies that overcome immunosenescence, especially for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report a new vaccination strategy harnessing memory-based immunity, which is less affected by aging. We found that aged C57BL/6 and 5xFAD mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in anti-Amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody (Ab) production. We aimed to reverse this process by inducing memory response at a young age. To this end, young mice were primed with the vaccine carrier Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). At an advanced age, these mice were immunized with an Aβ
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Peptide Fragments
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Risk of chronic diseases limiting longevity and healthy aging by lifestyle and socio-economic factors during the life-course - a narrative review.

    Skýbová, Dagmar / Šlachtová, Hana / Tomášková, Hana / Dalecká, Andrea / Maďar, Rastislav

    Medycyna pracy

    2021  Volume 72, Issue 5, Page(s) 535–548

    Abstract: The review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature focusing on the most serious risk factors of non-communicable diseases and collects current knowledge on their distribution, determinants, clusters, psychological and socio-economic ... ...

    Abstract The review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature focusing on the most serious risk factors of non-communicable diseases and collects current knowledge on their distribution, determinants, clusters, psychological and socio-economic consequences. Especially, the life-course approach is stressed, early life consequences of the later onset of chronic diseases, the risk behavior and its social, socio-economic and psychosocial determination is reviewed. Potential of preventing these harmful consequences has a lifelong approach. The aim is to demonstrate the opportunity for future health system transformation in terms of public health prevention regarding the non-communicable diseases. It is concluded that personalized lifestyle medicine should address a patient's health by empowering them with the information they need to regain control of their health. Preventive methods should be tailored for each patient, considering such patient's specific genes, environment, lifestyle, early life factors and social patterns of risk factors to avoid burden of health in later age. Intervention and preventive measures should target not only to individual factors but should reflect wider social, psychosocial and socio-economic consequences. It is also crucial from the point of view of public health to consider data on exposome, which are not included in epidemiological studies as well as its impact on health in the context of non-communicable diseases. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):535-48.
    MeSH term(s) Chronic Disease ; Economic Factors ; Healthy Aging ; Humans ; Life Style ; Longevity ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-19
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 128739-4
    ISSN 2353-1339 ; 0465-5893
    ISSN (online) 2353-1339
    ISSN 0465-5893
    DOI 10.13075/mp.5893.01139
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care

    Madar, Ronni / Ugon, Adrien / Ivanković, Damir / Tsopra, Rosy

    Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 23, Iss 6, p e

    User-Centered Design Approach

    2021  Volume 25741

    Abstract: BackgroundAntibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundAntibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale dissemination of CPGs, GPs continue to prescribe antibiotics that are not recommended as first-line treatments. This nonadherence to recommendations may be due to GPs misunderstanding the CPGs. A web interface displaying antibiotic prescription recommendations and their justifications could help to improve the comprehensibility and readability of CPGs, thereby increasing the adoption of recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment. ObjectiveThis study aims to design and evaluate a web interface for antibiotic prescription displaying both the recommended antibiotics and their justifications in the form of antibiotic properties. MethodsA web interface was designed according to the same principles as e-commerce interfaces and was assessed by 117 GPs. These GPs were asked to answer 17 questions relating to the usefulness, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility and readability of the interface, and their satisfaction with it. Responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from “absolutely disagree” to “absolutely agree”). At the end of the evaluation, the GPs were allowed to provide optional, additional free comments. ResultsThe antibiotic prescription web interface consists of three main sections: a clinical summary section, a filter section, and a recommended antibiotics section. The majority of GPs appreciated the clinical summary (90/117, 76.9%) and filter (98/117, 83.8%) sections, whereas 48.7% (57/117) of them reported difficulty reading some of the icons in the recommended antibiotics section. Overall, 82.9% (97/117) of GPs found the display of drug properties useful, and 65.8% (77/117) reported that the web interface improved their understanding of CPG recommendations. ConclusionsThe web interface displaying antibiotic recommendations and their ...
    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 005
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JMIR Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Education of Adolescents in the Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic.

    Macounová, Petra / Tomášková, Hana / Šnajdrová, Anna / Stanovská, Markéta / Polochová, Martina / Tomášek, Ivan / Maďar, Rastislav

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 11

    Abstract: The number of HIV-positive people in the Czech Republic has trebled over the last decade. An educational programme aimed at the prevention of HIV and STDs in adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age is underway in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the ... ...

    Abstract The number of HIV-positive people in the Czech Republic has trebled over the last decade. An educational programme aimed at the prevention of HIV and STDs in adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age is underway in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. All schools in the region have been offered the chance to participate in the programme (on a voluntary basis). The programme consists of an educational lecture and a game with interactive elements; the students perform various tasks in groups. An anonymous paired questionnaire (input/output) was used to assess the efficacy of the programme. In order to evaluate the programme efficacy, descriptive statistics, non-parametric Wilcoxon paired test at the level of significance of 5%, and a model of logistic regression for a dichotomous variable were used. A total of 1210 students took part in the programme. The students' knowledge improved, on average, by 15.5%. The highest efficacy was observed in the age group of 13-14-year-olds, where the improvement reached 17.9%. The educational programme was effective in raising awareness about STDs. Due to the observed increase in knowledge especially among the youngest participants (13-14 years old), we recommend aiming further interventions at the youngest age groups.
    MeSH term(s) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adolescent ; Czech Republic ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Schools ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1660-4601
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph18116148
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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