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Article ; Online: Neonatal end-of-life decisions and ethical perspectives

Madjid Soltani Gerdfaramarzi / Shabnam Bazmi

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Vol

2020 Volume 13

Abstract: End-of-life decisions are usually required when a neonate is at high risk of disability or death, and such decisions involve many legal and ethical challenges. This article reviewed the processes of ethical decision-making for severely ill or terminal ... ...

Abstract	End-of-life decisions are usually required when a neonate is at high risk of disability or death, and such decisions involve many legal and ethical challenges. This article reviewed the processes of ethical decision-making for severely ill or terminal neonates, considering controversial issues including the followings: (i) identifying primary decision makers, (ii) the role of law and guidelines, and (iii) changes in treatment controversy, law and regulations over twenty years in several European countries such as Switzerland, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Spain. This review study conducted on accessible articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Based on two studies in 2016 and 1996, neonatologists reported that withholding intensive care, withdrawing mechanical ventilation or life-saving drugs, and involvement of parents in decision-makings have become more acceptable as time passes, indicative of trend change. Trend of physicians on how end the life of neonates, at risk of death, varies in different countries, and cultural factors, parents’ involvement in decisions and gestational age are factors considered in end-of-life decision-making. Future investigations continuously need to identify upcoming ethical aspects of proper decision-making.
Keywords	Ethics ; Neonatal intensive care ; End-of-life ; Decision-making ; Law ; History of medicine. Medical expeditions ; R131-687 ; Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ; R723-726
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Computational modeling of thermal combination therapies by magneto-ultrasonic heating to enhance drug delivery to solid tumors

Mohammad Souri / Madjid Soltani / Farshad Moradi Kashkooli

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract For the first time, inspired by magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) technology, i.e., medication therapy and thermal ablation in one session, in a preclinical setting based on a developed mathematical ... ...

Abstract	Abstract For the first time, inspired by magnetic resonance imaging-guidance high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) technology, i.e., medication therapy and thermal ablation in one session, in a preclinical setting based on a developed mathematical model, the performance of doxorubicin (Dox) and its encapsulation have been investigated in this study. Five different treatment methods, that combine medication therapy with mild hyperthermia by MRI contrast ( $$\gamma -{Fe}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ γ - Fe 2 O 3 ) and thermal ablation via HIFU, are investigated in detail. A comparison between classical chemotherapy and thermochemistry shows that temperature can improve the therapeutic outcome by stimulating biological properties. On the other hand, the intravascular release of ThermoDox increases the concentration of free drug by 2.6 times compared to classical chemotherapy. The transport of drug in interstitium relies mainly on the diffusion mechanism to be able to penetrate deeper and reach the cancer cells in the inner regions of the tumor. Due to the low drug penetration into the tumor center, thermal ablation has been used for necrosis of the central areas before thermochemotherapy and ThermoDox therapy. Perfusion of the region around the necrotic zone is found to be damaged, while cells in the region are alive and not affected by medication therapy; so, there is a risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, it is recommended that ablation be performed after the medication therapy. Our model describes a comprehensive assessment of MR-HIFU technology, taking into account many effective details, which can be a reliable guide towards the optimal use of drug delivery systems.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nanomedicine

Mohammad Reza Mehrabi / Madjid Soltani / Mohsen Chiani / Kaamran Raahemifar / Ali Farhangi

Nanomaterials, Vol 13, Iss 483, p

New Frontiers in Fighting Microbial Infections

2023 Volume 483

Abstract: Microbes have dominated life on Earth for the past two billion years, despite facing a variety of obstacles. In the 20th century, antibiotics and immunizations brought about these changes. Since then, microorganisms have acquired resistance, and various ... ...

Abstract	Microbes have dominated life on Earth for the past two billion years, despite facing a variety of obstacles. In the 20th century, antibiotics and immunizations brought about these changes. Since then, microorganisms have acquired resistance, and various infectious diseases have been able to avoid being treated with traditionally developed vaccines. Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity have surpassed antibiotic discovery in terms of importance over the course of the past few decades. These shifts have resulted in tremendous economic and health repercussions across the board for all socioeconomic levels; thus, we require ground-breaking innovations to effectively manage microbial infections and to provide long-term solutions. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors have been radically altered as a result of nanomedicine, and this trend is now spreading to the antibacterial research community. Here, we examine the role that nanomedicine plays in the prevention of microbial infections, including topics such as diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, pharmaceutical administration, and immunizations, as well as the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
Keywords	microbial infection ; nanomedicine ; vaccine ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ethical challenges of cord blood banks: a scoping review.

Gerdfaramarzi, Madjid Soltani / Bazmi, Shabnam / Kiani, Mehrzad / Afshar, Leila / Fadavi, Mohsen / Enjoo, Seyed Ali

Journal of medicine and life

2022 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 735–741

Abstract: Cord blood is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells used to treat many diseases of blood origin. Thus, storage banks were created to store and provide umbilical cord cells. With the development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and ... ...

Abstract	Cord blood is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells used to treat many diseases of blood origin. Thus, storage banks were created to store and provide umbilical cord cells. With the development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and techniques in medicine, ethical issues have also become more widespread and complex. After the creation of the cord blood banks, efforts were made to address the ethical issues associated with such banks. The present study attempts to identify the ethical challenges in these banks in the published studies. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Embase, Proquest, and Google Scholar were searched from January 1996 to January 2021. Then, the ethical challenges of the cord blood bank were extracted from the results section using thematic content analysis. 22 studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ethical challenges raised in the studies included private or public ownership of the bank, fair access to banking services, informed and voluntary consent, failure to provide sufficient information to individuals about the process, confidentiality of user's information, conflict of interest of bank founders (who are commonly doctors). The findings of this study indicated that there are serious ethical concerns regarding umbilical cord blood banks. Responding clearly to these ethical challenges calls for the attention of policymakers and medical ethics professionals; this will require a clear statement of the various aspects of these banks for society.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Banks ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Ownership
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-19
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2559353-5
ISSN	1844-3117 ; 1844-3117 ; 1844-3109
ISSN (online)	1844-3117
ISSN	1844-3117 ; 1844-3109
DOI	10.25122/jml-2021-0162
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Numerical Methods in Studies of Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Madjid Soltani / Kaamran Raahemifar / Arman Nokhosteen / Farshad Moradi Kashkooli / Elham L. Zoudani

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 1650, p

2021 Volume 1650

Abstract: Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a type of material with specific features of polymers and of liquid crystals. They exhibit interesting behaviors, i.e., they are able to change their physical properties when met with external stimuli, including heat, ...

Abstract	Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a type of material with specific features of polymers and of liquid crystals. They exhibit interesting behaviors, i.e., they are able to change their physical properties when met with external stimuli, including heat, light, electric, and magnetic fields. This behavior makes LCEs a suitable candidate for a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, artificial muscles, optical devices, microscopy and imaging systems, biosensor devices, and optimization of solar energy collectors. Due to the wide range of applicability, numerical models are needed not only to further our understanding of the underlining mechanics governing LCE behavior, but also to enable the predictive modeling of their behavior under different circumstances for different applications. Given that several mainstream methods are used for LCE modeling, viz. finite element method, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics, and the growing interest and reliance on computer modeling for predicting the opto-mechanical behavior of complex structures in real world applications, there is a need to gain a better understanding regarding their strengths and weaknesses so that the best method can be utilized for the specific application at hand. Therefore, this investigation aims to not only to present a multitude of examples on numerical studies conducted on LCEs, but also attempts at offering a concise categorization of different methods based on the desired application to act as a guide for current and future research in this field.
Keywords	liquid crystal elastomer ; numerical methods ; finite element method ; Monte Carlo method ; molecular dynamics method ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Theranostic digital twins for personalized radiopharmaceutical therapies

Arman Rahmim / Julia Brosch-Lenz / Ali Fele-Paranj / Fereshteh Yousefirizi / Madjid Soltani / Carlos Uribe / Babak Saboury

Frontiers in Oncology, Vol

Reimagining theranostics via computational nuclear oncology

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: This work emphasizes that patient data, including images, are not operable (clinically), but that digital twins are. Based on the former, the latter can be created. Subsequently, virtual clinical operations can be performed towards selection of optimal ... ...

Abstract	This work emphasizes that patient data, including images, are not operable (clinically), but that digital twins are. Based on the former, the latter can be created. Subsequently, virtual clinical operations can be performed towards selection of optimal therapies. Digital twins are beginning to emerge in the field of medicine. We suggest that theranostic digital twins (TDTs) are amongst the most natural and feasible flavors of digitals twins. We elaborate on the importance of TDTs in a future where ‘one-size-fits-all’ therapeutic schemes, as prevalent nowadays, are transcended in radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs). Personalized RPTs will be deployed, including optimized intervention parameters. Examples include optimization of injected radioactivities, sites of injection, injection intervals and profiles, and combination therapies. Multi-modal multi-scale images, combined with other data and aided by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, will be utilized towards routine digital twinning of our patients, and will enable improved deliveries of RPTs and overall healthcare.
Keywords	digitals twins ; theranostics ; personalized medicine ; radiopharmaceutical therapies ; molecular imaging ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Author Correction

Rezvan Dadras / Alireza Jabbari / Narges Kamaei Asl / Madjid Soltani / Farnaz Rafiee / Mozhgan Parsaee / Shadi Golchin / Hamidreza Pouraliakbar / Parham Sadeghipour / Mona Alimohammadi

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

In-silico investigations of haemodynamic parameters for a blunt thoracic aortic injury case

2023 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In-silico investigations of haemodynamic parameters for a blunt thoracic aortic injury case

Rezvan Dadras / Alireza Jabbari / Narges Kamaei Asl / Madjid Soltani / Farnaz Rafiee / Mozhgan Parsaee / Shadi Golchin / Hamidreza Pouraliakbar / Parham Sadeghipour / Mona Alimohammadi

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Accounting for 1.5% of thoracic trauma, blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate that nowadays is treated mostly via thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Personalised computational models based on ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Accounting for 1.5% of thoracic trauma, blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate that nowadays is treated mostly via thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Personalised computational models based on fluid–solid interaction (FSI) principals not only support clinical researchers in studying virtual therapy response, but also are capable of predicting eventual outcomes. The present work studies the variation of key haemodynamic parameters in a clinical case of BTAI after successful TEVAR, using a two-way FSI model. The three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific geometries of the patient were coupled with three-element Windkessel model for both prior and post intervention cases, forcing a correct prediction of blood flow over each section. Results showed significant improvement in velocity and pressure distribution after stenting. High oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES) regions require careful examination in future follow-ups, since thrombus formation was confirmed in some previously clinically reported cases of BTAI treated with TEVAR. The strength of swirling flows along aorta was also damped after stent deployment. Highlighting the importance of haemodynamic parameters in case-specific therapies. In future studies, compromising motion of aortic wall due to excessive cost of FSI simulations can be considered and should be based on the objectives of studies to achieve a more clinical-friendly patient-specific CFD model
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correction

Hossein Bazmara / Madjid Soltani / Mostafa Sefidgar / Majid Bazargan / Mojtaba Mousavi Naeenian / Arman Rahmim

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e

The Vital Role of Blood Flow-Induced Proliferation and Migration in Capillary Network Formation in a Multiscale Model of Angiogenesis.

2017 Volume 0175601

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128878.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128878.].
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on asymmetric dimethylarginine and disability in multiple sclerosis patients

Mohammad Khalili / Madjid Soltani / Shirin Amiri Moghadam / Parvin Dehghan / Amirreza Azimi / Omid Abbaszadeh

Electronic Physician, Vol 9, Iss 7, Pp 4899-

A randomized clinical trial

2017 Volume 4905

Abstract: Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the onset and progression of MS. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) formation is dependent on oxidative ...

Abstract	Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the onset and progression of MS. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) formation is dependent on oxidative stress status. Objective: We examined whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as a potent antioxidant could improve the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and decrease plasma level of ADMA in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial conducted at Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from September 2009 to July 2011, 24 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were divided into a treatment group receiving ALA (1200mg/day) for 12 weeks and a control group receiving placebo. Then patients’ EDSS and Plasma levels of ADMA were measured at baseline and 12 weeks later. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 16 using the K-S test, Chi square, Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. Results: The plasma levels of ADMA in the intervention group were decreased significantly (p=0.04). Also, no patient had increased EDSS score in the supplement group, where 2 out of 12 patients in the placebo group experienced so. Comparing the serum level of ADMA between the two groups failed to show any significant change in the supplement group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering that ADMA is produced by oxidative stress in MS patients and leads to increase of inflammation, ALA may have the potential of beneficial effects in them, in part, by decreasing the plasma level of ADMA and stopping progression. Trial registration: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: No. IRCT138812222602N2. Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article
Keywords	Lipoic acid ; Multiple sclerosis ; Inflammation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Electronic Physician
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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