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Article ; Online: Factors to take into account when interpreting 25-hydroxy-vitamin D serum levels.

Delanghe, Joris R / Speeckaert, Marijn M / Maenhout, Thomas

2024 , Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Background: Assessing vitamin D status, typically evaluated using serum or plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, is complex because of various influencing factors.: Methods: Seasonality significantly affects intra-individual ... ...

Abstract	Background: Assessing vitamin D status, typically evaluated using serum or plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, is complex because of various influencing factors. Methods: Seasonality significantly affects intra-individual variability in 25(OH)D levels. This variation can be addressed by employing cosinor functions that are tailored to the geographical location of the patient to correct for seasonal effects. In addition to seasonality, genetic factors, such as DBP polymorphism and body composition, particularly adiposity, play crucial roles. Dialysis patients with DBP 2-2 phenotype exhibit higher vitamin D requirements. Genotyping/phenotyping of DBP allows for better tailored vitamin D supplementation. The lipid-soluble nature of vitamin D also interacts with plasma components such as serum triglycerides, which can influence vitamin D measurements. Adiposity, which is negatively correlated with vitamin D concentration, necessitates body mass-based mathematical adjustments for accurate vitamin D assessment in subjects with extreme BMI values. Conclusions: Accordingly, vitamin D replacement therapy must be personalized, taking into account factors such as body size and seasonal variations, to effectively reach the target serum 25(OH)D concentrations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390201-8
ISSN	2295-3337 ; 0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
ISSN (online)	2295-3337
ISSN	0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
DOI	10.1080/17843286.2024.2327218
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Article ; Online: HOMA-IR and HOMA2-IR estimation based on glycated hemoglobin as an alternative for fasting glucose.

Delanghe, Joris R / Verlinde, Evelyn / Speeckaert, Marijn M / Maenhout, Thomas

Acta clinica Belgica

2022 Volume 78, Issue 4, Page(s) 308–312

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health problem. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a key laboratory index in the assessment of insulin resistance. The calculation of HOMA-IR and its updated version ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health problem. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a key laboratory index in the assessment of insulin resistance. The calculation of HOMA-IR and its updated version HOMA2-IR are partly based on plasma glucose determinations, which are prone to important pre-analytical errors. As glycated hemoglobin (Hb) fractions strongly correlate with fasting glucose levels and are more stable analytes, we explored the possibilities of using glycated Hb fractions for calculating HOMA-IR. Methods: Labile Hb and HbA Results: Labile Hb could be measured with between-run CVs of 2.2-2.3%. Labile Hb correlated with both glycemia (r = 0.80) and HbA Conclusions: HbA1c and eAG are practical alternatives for glucose for estimating HOMA-IR. The use of glycated Hb enables home sampling for HOMA-IR and HOMA2-IR calculation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Glucose ; Insulin Resistance ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Insulin
Chemical Substances	Glycated Hemoglobin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390201-8
ISSN	2295-3337 ; 0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
ISSN (online)	2295-3337
ISSN	0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
DOI	10.1080/17843286.2022.2160889
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Article: Exercise Induced Myoglobinuria is Determined by Haptoglobin Polymorphism.

Maenhout, Thomas M / Vermassen, Tijl / Dalewyn, Lode / Buyzere, Marc L De / Delanghe, Joris R

Clinical laboratory

2021 Volume 67, Issue 5

Abstract: Background: In professional soccer players (n = 27), confounders of quantitative myoglobinuria following physical training were assessed in order to improve interpretation of post-exercise myoglobinuria.: Methods: Urine samples were collected in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: In professional soccer players (n = 27), confounders of quantitative myoglobinuria following physical training were assessed in order to improve interpretation of post-exercise myoglobinuria. Methods: Urine samples were collected in the morning before training sessions, 48 to 72 hours following a game. Urine myoglobin was assayed using immunoturbidimetry. Blood was drawn 48 hours following training session. Creatinine was assayed using a Jaffe method. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was assayed according to the IFCC reference method. Serum myoglobin was assayed using the same assay as the one used for urine. Hp polymorphism was assessed on hemoglobin supplemented serum. Serum Hp concentration was assayed nephelometrically. Training intensity was assessed using a wearable GPS tracking system. Physical load monitoring included the covered total distance, the distance at different speed zones, and the number of sprints/accelerations/decelerations/jumps. Multiple regression analysis was used to detect the determinants of post-exercise myoglobinuria. Results: Myoglobinuria negatively correlated with serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentration. Athletes presented with Hp values, which were lower than the Hp phenotype reference ranges, which can be explained by depletion of circulating Hp stores. Myoglobinuria was most pronounced in players carrying a Hp 2-2 phenotype, which is associated with the lowest Hp reference range. Myoglobin clearance was inversely correlated with Hp 2-2 concentration. Correlation between myoglobinuria and biomarkers of muscle damage was weak. Neither age nor glomerular filtration rate were found to be confounders of myoglobinuria. When comparing myoglobinuria with training intensity, the number of sprints, average acceleration speed, and maximal speed were determining factors for predicting exercise-induced myoglobinuria. Conclusions: In athletes, plasma myoglobin binding capacity is depleted. Moderate myoglobinuria not only should be regarded as a muscle damage marker, but also should be interpreted as an indicator for Hp depletion. Apart from its significance as a biomarker for muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria in athletes should be a warning that the heme binding capacity of plasma Hp is depleted, indicating an exhausted defense against Fenton chemistry induced free radicals. Fenton chemistry is associated with free radical formation, which is to be avoided because of the causative relationship with inflammatory processes and tissue damage.
MeSH term(s)	Creatinine ; Exercise ; Haptoglobins/genetics ; Humans ; Myoglobin/genetics ; Myoglobinuria/diagnosis ; Myoglobinuria/genetics ; Rhabdomyolysis
Chemical Substances	Haptoglobins ; Myoglobin ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1307629-2
ISSN	1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
ISSN	1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
DOI	10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200855
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Ud II Zs.170: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Laying the foundation for enhancing safety of desmopressin in older people: Validation of capillary blood sodium levels.

Verbakel, Irina / Maenhout, Thomas / Petrovic, Mirko / Weiss, Jeffrey / Van Laecke, Erik / Delanghe, Joris / Everaert, Karel

Neurourology and urodynamics

2022 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 303–308

Abstract: Purpose: We aim to make desmopressin a safe treatment option for (older) patients at risk for hyponatremia, by introducing a new way of sodium monitoring. The goal is to reduce the risk of hyponatremia, enhance patient safety and ultimately introduce ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: We aim to make desmopressin a safe treatment option for (older) patients at risk for hyponatremia, by introducing a new way of sodium monitoring. The goal is to reduce the risk of hyponatremia, enhance patient safety and ultimately introduce self-monitoring of sodium levels. The first step in the aforementioned is to validate capillary sodium. Materials and methods: 100 randomly selected patients admitted to the urology department received a single finger prick to collect capillary blood (250 µl) in a lithium-heparin tube. Each patient acted as its own control for the capillary and venous blood sample. Venous and capillary plasma sodium were analyzed by indirect ion-selective electrode measurement. The primary outcome was the agreement between capillary and venous sodium measurements, measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: One hundred paired blood samples were obtained of which four were excluded. There was no significant statistical difference observed between venous and capillary sodium (-0.23 mmol/L, p = 0.374). The ICC for single measures between capillary and venous sodium was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.88). Inter-method differences analyzed by a Bland-Altman plot and a Passing-Bablock regression did not reveal a statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: We demonstrated that venous and capillary sodium levels are interchangeable, taken into account the inter- and intravariability between analyses. We provided the first step towards a simple and safe solution for frequent sodium monitoring through a minimal invasive capillary blood collection. The results are of direct clinical relevance to safely use desmopressin in (older) patients at risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hyponatremia/chemically induced ; Hyponatremia/drug therapy ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/adverse effects ; Sodium ; Capillaries ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (ENR1LLB0FP) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604904-7
ISSN	1520-6777 ; 0733-2467
ISSN (online)	1520-6777
ISSN	0733-2467
DOI	10.1002/nau.25084
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Article ; Online: Immature granulocyte count in peripheral blood by the Sysmex haematology XN series compared to microscopic differentiation.

Maenhout, Thomas M / Marcelis, Ludo

Journal of clinical pathology

2014 Volume 67, Issue 7, Page(s) 648–650

MeSH term(s)	Equipment Design ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count/instrumentation ; Leukocyte Count/methods ; Microscopy ; Predictive Value of Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Letter
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202223
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Article ; Online: Impact of the routine implementation of automated indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody analysis: 1 year of experience.

Mulliez, Sylvie M N / Maenhout, Thomas M / Bonroy, Carolien

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

2016 Volume 54, Issue 7, Page(s) e183–6

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/blood ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Automation ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/standards ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Health Plan Implementation ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Antinuclear
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1418007-8
ISSN	1437-4331 ; 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
ISSN (online)	1437-4331
ISSN	1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
DOI	10.1515/cclm-2015-0900
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Article ; Online: Non-oxidative ethanol metabolites as a measure of alcohol intake.

Maenhout, Thomas M / De Buyzere, Marc L / Delanghe, Joris R

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

2013 Volume 415, Page(s) 322–329

Abstract: Recent alcohol intake can be monitored by the measurement of indirect biomarkers. Elevated levels of liver enzymes (i.e. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST)) in blood are commonly used ... ...

Abstract	Recent alcohol intake can be monitored by the measurement of indirect biomarkers. Elevated levels of liver enzymes (i.e. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST)) in blood are commonly used in clinical practice as an indicator of alcohol-induced liver damage. With the exception of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the specificity of indirect markers is only moderate because many cases of elevated levels are unrelated to alcohol consumption. Because of their intermediate half-life and tendency to accumulate in hair, non-oxidative ethanol metabolites can be used as markers with an intermediate timeframe between ethanol measurements and GGT and CDT with regard to recent alcohol consumption occurring between hours to 1 week. Additionally, these biomarkers offer a high ethanol-specificity in combination with approximately a two-fold higher sensitivity in comparison with indirect alcohol markers. In case of forensic use of direct ethanol metabolites, caution has to be taken in interpretation and pre-analytical pitfalls should be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Alanine Transaminase/metabolism ; Alcohol Drinking/blood ; Alcohol Drinking/urine ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Ethanol/blood ; Ethanol/urine ; Glucuronates/analysis ; Glucuronates/metabolism ; Glycerophospholipids/analysis ; Glycerophospholipids/metabolism ; Hair/chemistry ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sulfuric Acid Esters/analysis ; Sulfuric Acid Esters/metabolism ; Transferrin/analogs & derivatives ; Transferrin/metabolism ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Glucuronates ; Glycerophospholipids ; Sulfuric Acid Esters ; Transferrin ; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin ; phosphatidylethanol ; ethyl glucuronide (17685-04-0) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) ; Aspartate Aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) ; diethyl sulfate (K0FO4VFA7I)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80228-1
ISSN	1873-3492 ; 0009-8981
ISSN (online)	1873-3492
ISSN	0009-8981
DOI	10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.014
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Article ; Online: Minimal Coexpression of CD34+/CD56+ in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Is Associated With Relapse.

Maenhout, Thomas M / Moreau, Elisabeth / Van Haute, Inge / Desmet, Stefanie / Deeren, Dries

American journal of clinical pathology

2015 Volume 144, Issue 2, Page(s) 347–351

Abstract: Objectives: Surface CD56 expression on leukemic cells in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is considered an indicator of poorer outcome even in patients receiving conventional treatment.: Methods: In the present case, at initial diagnosis, the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Surface CD56 expression on leukemic cells in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is considered an indicator of poorer outcome even in patients receiving conventional treatment. Methods: In the present case, at initial diagnosis, the hallmark phenotype of APML was found (strong CD33 and cytoplasmic MPO expression, absence of HLA-DR expression). Results: Both CD34 and CD56 antigen expression was considered negative. The patient relapsed 3 years after reaching complete remission, and the hallmark surface antigen combination for APML was again found. In contrast, the leukemic cells now clearly coexpressed CD34 and CD56. Retrospective analysis revealed the presence of small CD34+ and CD56+ populations at initial diagnosis (<20%). Conclusions: This case report suggests that the presence of a clone with minimal coexpression of CD34/CD56 in APML at initial diagnosis should not be neglected since it may be associated with earlier relapse.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Antigens, CD34 ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (126547-89-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2944-0
ISSN	1943-7722 ; 0002-9173
ISSN (online)	1943-7722
ISSN	0002-9173
DOI	10.1309/AJCPBS3W1RJDGPZU
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Article ; Online: Automated indirect immunofluorescence microscopy enables the implementation of a quantitative internal quality control system for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) analysis.

Maenhout, Thomas M / Bonroy, Carolien / Verfaillie, Charlotte / Stove, Veronique / Devreese, Katrien

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

2014 Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 989–998

Abstract: Background: Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (ANA-IIF) remains mandatory in the serological work-up of connective tissue diseases. Recently, automated approaches were introduced that may improve harmonization. Here, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (ANA-IIF) remains mandatory in the serological work-up of connective tissue diseases. Recently, automated approaches were introduced that may improve harmonization. Here, we investigated whether the introduction of automated ANA-IIF and more specifically the use of its quantitative measure, could improve ANA-IIF internal quality control (IQC) management. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed results of two cohorts of routine samples and parallel IQC data collected from January 2010 to February 2013 and from February to mid October 2013. For the first cohort, data were collected using conventional microscopy. The second cohort was analyzed by an automated ANA-IIF microscope (Zenit G sight, A. Menarini). Retrospectively, we evaluated the applicability of the probability index (PI) of control material measurements and patient results for IQC management based on Westgard multirules. This approach was also compared with monthly monitoring of the %ANA-IIF positive samples. Results: In our historical data set, we showed that monitoring of %ANA positives identified systematic errors that were not detected by monitoring control material results. Data resulting from automated microscopy showed that PI measurements on control material remained stable within the observed period and that Westgard multirules can be used for IQC follow-up. Parallel monitoring of the daily median patient PI and the monthly %ANA positives, showed that the daily median was a sensitive and fast tool for detecting systematic errors. Conclusions: The introduction of the automated ANA-IIF microscope could enable objective IQC procedures and should be considered an important step forward in ANA-IIF harmonization.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis ; Automation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Quality Control
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Antinuclear
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1418007-8
ISSN	1437-4331 ; 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
ISSN (online)	1437-4331
ISSN	1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
DOI	10.1515/cclm-2013-0912
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Article ; Online: Usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting recidivism of drunk-driving among previously convicted drunk-driving offenders: results from the recidivism of alcohol-impaired driving (ROAD) study.

Maenhout, Thomas M / Poll, Anneleen / Vermassen, Tijl / De Buyzere, Marc L / Delanghe, Joris R

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2014 Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–78

Abstract: Aim: In several European countries, drivers under the influence (DUI), suspected of chronic alcohol abuse are referred for medical and psychological examination. This study (the ROAD study, or Recidivism Of Alcohol-impaired Driving) investigated the ... ...

Abstract	Aim: In several European countries, drivers under the influence (DUI), suspected of chronic alcohol abuse are referred for medical and psychological examination. This study (the ROAD study, or Recidivism Of Alcohol-impaired Driving) investigated the usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting drunk-driving recidivism in previously convicted drunk-driving offenders. Design, setting, participants and measurements: The ROAD study is a prospective study (2009-13) that was performed on 517 randomly selected drivers in Belgium. They were convicted for drunk-driving for which their licence was confiscated. The initial post-arrest blood samples were collected and analysed for percentage carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), transaminsase activities [alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST)], gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT) and red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The observation time for each driver was 3 years and dynamic. Findings: A logistic regression analysis revealed that ln(%CDT) (P < 0.001), ln(γGT) (P < 0.01) and ln(ALT) (P < 0.05) were the best biochemical predictors of recidivism of drunk-driving. The ROAD index (which includes ln(%CDT), ln(γGT), -ln(ALT) and the sex of the driver) was calculated and had a significantly higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.71) than the individual biomarkers for drunk-driving recidivism. Drivers with a high risk of recidivating (ROAD index ≥ 25%; third tertile) could be distinguished from drivers with an intermediate risk (16% ≤ ROAD index < 25%; second tertile; P < 0.001) and a low recidivism risk (ROAD index < 16%; first tertile; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Of all routinely used indirect alcohol markers, percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is the major predictor of recidivism of drunk-driving. The association with gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine amino transferase and the sex of the driver could have additional value for identifying drunk-drivers at intermediate risk of recidivism. Non-specific indirect alcohol markers, such as alanine amino transferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate amino transferase and red cell mean corpuscular volume have minimal added value to % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for distinguishing drunk drivers with a low or high risk of recidivism.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism ; Alcohol Drinking/blood ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/metabolism ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism ; Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence ; Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data ; Belgium ; Biomarkers/blood ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Criminals/statistics & numerical data ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Humans ; Licensure ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Transferrin/metabolism ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Transferrin ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) ; Aspartate Aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.12372
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