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  1. Article ; Online: Brain microglia serve as a persistent HIV reservoir despite durable antiretroviral therapy

    Yuyang Tang / Antoine Chaillon / Sara Gianella / Lilly M. Wong / Dajiang Li / Theresa L. Simermeyer / Magali Porrachia / Caroline Ignacio / Brendon Woodworth / Daniel Zhong / Jiayi Du / Eduardo de la Parra Polina / Jennifer Kirchherr / Brigitte Allard / Matthew L. Clohosey / Matt Moeser / Amy L. Sondgeroth / Gregory D. Whitehill / Vidisha Singh /
    Amir Dashti / Davey M. Smith / Joseph J. Eron / Katherine J. Bar / Ann Chahroudi / Sarah B. Joseph / Nancie M. Archin / David M. Margolis / Guochun Jiang

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain ...

    Abstract Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain myeloid cells (BrMCs) from nonhuman primates and rapid autopsy of people with HIV (PWH) on ART and sought evidence of persistent viral infection. BrMCs predominantly displayed microglial markers, in which up to 99.9% of the BrMCs were TMEM119+ MG. Total and integrated SIV or HIV DNA was detectable in the MG, with low levels of cell-associated viral RNA. Provirus in MG was highly sensitive to epigenetic inhibition. Outgrowth virus from parietal cortex MG in an individual with HIV productively infected both MG and PBMCs. This inducible, replication-competent virus and virus from basal ganglia proviral DNA were closely related but highly divergent from variants in peripheral compartments. Phenotyping studies characterized brain-derived virus as macrophage tropic based on the ability of the virus to infect cells expressing low levels of CD4. The lack of genetic diversity in virus from the brain suggests that this macrophage-tropic lineage quickly colonized brain regions. These data demonstrate that MG harbor replication-competent HIV and serve as a persistent reservoir in the brain.
    Keywords AIDS/HIV ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Macrofaunal recolonization of copper-contaminated sediments in San Diego Bay

    Neira, Carlos / Chris Stransky / Guillermo Mendoza / Lisa A. Levin / Magali Porrachia

    Marine pollution bulletin. 2015 Dec. 30, v. 101, no. 2

    2015  

    Abstract: Effects of Cu-loading on macrofaunal recolonization were examined in Shelter Island Yacht Basin (San Diego Bay, California). Sediments with high and low Cu levels were defaunated and Cu-spiked, translocated, and then placed back into the environment. ... ...

    Abstract Effects of Cu-loading on macrofaunal recolonization were examined in Shelter Island Yacht Basin (San Diego Bay, California). Sediments with high and low Cu levels were defaunated and Cu-spiked, translocated, and then placed back into the environment. These demonstrated that the alteration observed in benthic communities associated with Cu contamination occurs during initial recolonization. After a 3-month exposure to sediments with varying Cu levels, two primary colonizing communities were identified: (1) a “mouth assemblage” resembling adjacent background fauna associated with low-Cu levels that was more diverse and predominantly dominated by surface- and subsurface-deposit feeders, burrowers, and tube builders, and (2) a “head assemblage” resembling adjacent background fauna associated with high-Cu concentrations, with few dominant species and an increasing importance of carnivores and mobile epifauna. Cu loading can cause reduced biodiversity and lower structural complexity that may last several months if high concentrations persist, with a direct effect on community functioning.
    Keywords basins ; benthic organisms ; biodiversity ; carnivores ; copper ; fauna ; mouth ; sediments ; water pollution ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-1230
    Size p. 794-804.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001296-2
    ISSN 1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
    ISSN (online) 1879-3363
    ISSN 0025-326X
    DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.023
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Temporal Changes in Seawater Carbonate Chemistry and Carbon Export from a Southern California Estuary

    Paulsen, May-Linn / Andreas J. Andersson / Lihini Aluwihare / Tyler Cyronak / Sydney D’Angelo / Charlie Davidson / Hany Elwany / Sarah N. Giddings / Heather N. Page / Magali Porrachia / Stephen Schroeter

    Estuaries and coasts. 2018 June, v. 41, no. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: Estuaries are important subcomponents of the coastal ocean, but knowledge about the temporal and spatial variability of their carbonate chemistry, as well as their contribution to coastal and global carbon fluxes, are limited. In the present study, we ... ...

    Abstract Estuaries are important subcomponents of the coastal ocean, but knowledge about the temporal and spatial variability of their carbonate chemistry, as well as their contribution to coastal and global carbon fluxes, are limited. In the present study, we measured the temporal and spatial variability of biogeochemical parameters in a saltmarsh estuary in Southern California, the San Dieguito Lagoon (SDL). We also estimated the flux of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total organic carbon (TOC) to the adjacent coastal ocean over diel and seasonal timescales. The combined net flux of DIC and TOC (FDIC ₊ TOC) to the ocean during outgoing tides ranged from − 1.8±0.5 × 10³ to 9.5±0.7 × 10³ mol C h⁻¹ during baseline conditions. Based on these fluxes, a rough estimate of the net annual export of DIC and TOC totaled 10±4 × 10⁶ mol C year⁻¹. Following a major rain event (36 mm rain in 3 days), FDIC ₊ TOC increased and reached values as high as 29.0 ± 0.7 × 10³ mol C h⁻¹. Assuming a hypothetical scenario of three similar storm events in a year, our annual net flux estimate more than doubled to 25 ± 4 × 10⁶ mol C year⁻¹. These findings highlight the importance of assessing coastal carbon fluxes on different timescales and incorporating event scale variations in these assessments. Furthermore, for most of the observations elevated levels of total alkalinity (TA) and pH were observed at the estuary mouth relative to the coastal ocean. This suggests that SDL partly buffers against acidification of adjacent coastal surface waters, although the spatial extent of this buffering is likely small.
    Keywords acidification ; alkalinity ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; estuaries ; organic carbon ; pH ; rain ; salt marshes ; seawater ; storms ; surface water ; temporal variation ; tides ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-06
    Size p. 1050-1068.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2229170-2
    ISSN 1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
    ISSN (online) 1559-2731
    ISSN 1559-2723
    DOI 10.1007/s12237-017-0345-8
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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