Article ; Online: Immunological evaluation of young unvaccinated patients with Turner syndrome after COVID-19.
2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 207–215
Abstract: Objectives: The X-chromosome contains the largest number of immune-related genes, which play a major role in COVID-19 symptomatology and susceptibility. Here, we had a unique opportunity to investigate, for the first time, COVID-19 outcomes in six ... ...
| Abstract | Objectives: The X-chromosome contains the largest number of immune-related genes, which play a major role in COVID-19 symptomatology and susceptibility. Here, we had a unique opportunity to investigate, for the first time, COVID-19 outcomes in six unvaccinated young Brazilian patients with Turner syndrome (TS; 45, X0), including one case of critical illness in a child aged 10 years, to evaluate their immune response according to their genetic profile. Methods: A serological analysis of humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, phenotypic characterization of antiviral responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimuli, and the production of cytotoxic cytokines of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were performed in blood samples collected from the patients with TS during the convalescence period. Whole exome sequencing was also performed. Results: Our volunteers with TS showed a delayed or insufficient humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (particularly immunoglobulin G) and a decrease in interferon-γ production by cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes after stimulation with toll-like receptors 7/8 agonists. In contrast, we observed a higher cytotoxic activity in the volunteers with TS than the volunteers without TS after phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin stimulation, particularly granzyme B and perforin by CD8+ and natural killer cells. Interestingly, two volunteers with TS carry rare genetic variants in genes that regulate type I and III interferon immunity. Conclusion: Following previous reports in the literature for other conditions, our data showed that patients with TS may have an impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, other medical conditions associated with TS could make them more vulnerable to COVID-19. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Child ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Turner Syndrome/complications ; Turner Syndrome/genetics ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Antibodies, Viral |
| Chemical Substances | Antibodies, Viral |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2023-02-08 |
| Publishing country | Canada |
| Document type | Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 1331197-9 |
| ISSN | 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712 |
| ISSN (online) | 1878-3511 |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.042 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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