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Article ; Online: Fungus fuels mucosal wounds in Crohn's disease.

Magnaye, Kevin M / Lynch, Susan V

2021 Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 856–858

Abstract: Intestinal microbiome perturbation characterizes Crohn's disease (CD), though specific contributors to pathophysiology remain elusive. In a recent issue of Science, Jain et al. show that Debaryomyces hansenii impairs intestinal healing in mice via ... ...

Abstract	Intestinal microbiome perturbation characterizes Crohn's disease (CD), though specific contributors to pathophysiology remain elusive. In a recent issue of Science, Jain et al. show that Debaryomyces hansenii impairs intestinal healing in mice via effects on type I interferon signaling and chemokine CCL5 expression in macrophages and that it is also prevalent in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chemokine CCL5/immunology ; Crohn Disease/immunology ; Crohn Disease/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Mycoses/immunology ; Mycoses/microbiology ; Saccharomycetales/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Wound Healing/immunology
Chemical Substances	Chemokine CCL5 ; Interferon Type I
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1217235-2
ISSN	1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
ISSN (online)	1097-4180
ISSN	1074-7613
DOI	10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.013
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Zs.A 4227: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 69: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Sex-specific differences in peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptional response to LPS are enriched for HLA region and X chromosome genes.

Stein, Michelle M / Conery, Mitch / Magnaye, Kevin M / Clay, Selene M / Billstrand, Christine / Nicolae, Raluca / Naughton, Katherine / Ober, Carole / Thompson, Emma E

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 1107

Abstract: Sex-specific differences in prevalence are well documented for many common, complex diseases, especially for immune-mediated diseases, yet the precise mechanisms through which factors associated with biological sex exert their effects throughout life are ...

Abstract	Sex-specific differences in prevalence are well documented for many common, complex diseases, especially for immune-mediated diseases, yet the precise mechanisms through which factors associated with biological sex exert their effects throughout life are not well understood. We interrogated sex-specific transcriptional responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) to innate immune stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 46 male and 66 female members of the Hutterite community, who practice a communal lifestyle. We identified 1217 autosomal and 54 X-linked genes with sex-specific responses to LPS, as well as 71 autosomal and one X-linked sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Despite a similar proportion of the 15 HLA genes responding to LPS compared to all expressed autosomal genes, there was a significant over-representation of genes with sex by treatment interactions among HLA genes. We also observed an enrichment of sex-specific differentially expressed genes in response to LPS for X-linked genes compared to autosomal genes, suggesting that HLA and X-linked genes may disproportionately contribute to sex disparities in risk for immune-mediated diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, MHC Class I ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Genes, X-Linked ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Leukocytes/immunology ; Leukocytes/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-80145-z
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Article ; Online: A-to-I editing of miR-200b-3p in airway cells is associated with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Magnaye, Kevin M / Naughton, Katherine A / Huffman, Janel / Hogarth, D Kyle / Naureckas, Edward T / White, Steven R / Ober, Carole

The European respiratory journal

2021 Volume 58, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterised by persistent airway inflammation. Altered microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) has been reported in asthma, yet adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)- ...

Abstract	Background: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterised by persistent airway inflammation. Altered microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) has been reported in asthma, yet adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-mediated miRNA editing in asthma remains unexplored. Methods: We first identified adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) edited sites in miRNAs in BECs from 142 adult asthma cases and controls. A-to-I edited sites were tested for associations with asthma severity and clinical measures of asthma. Paired RNA sequencing data were used to perform pathway enrichments and test for associations with bioinformatically predicted target genes of the unedited and edited miRNAs. Results: Of 19 A-to-I edited sites detected in these miRNAs, one site at position 5 of miR-200b-3p was edited less frequently in cases compared with controls (p Conclusions: Reduced A-to-I editing of position 5 of miR-200b-3p in lower airway cells from moderate-to-severe asthmatic subjects may lead to overexpression of
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Asthma/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; MIRN200 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/13993003.03862-2020
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Zs.A 2322: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 292: Show issues

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Article ; Online: DNA methylation signatures in airway cells from adult children of asthmatic mothers reflect subtypes of severe asthma.

Magnaye, Kevin M / Clay, Selene M / Nicodemus-Johnson, Jessie / Naughton, Katherine A / Huffman, Janel / Altman, Matthew C / Jackson, Daniel J / Gern, James E / Hogarth, Douglas K / Naureckas, Edward T / White, Steven R / Ober, Carole

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 24, Page(s) e2116467119

Abstract: Maternal asthma (MA) is among the most consistent risk factors for asthma in children. Possible mechanisms for this observation are epigenetic modifications in utero that have lasting effects on developmental programs in children of mothers with asthma. ... ...

Abstract	Maternal asthma (MA) is among the most consistent risk factors for asthma in children. Possible mechanisms for this observation are epigenetic modifications in utero that have lasting effects on developmental programs in children of mothers with asthma. To test this hypothesis, we performed differential DNA methylation analyses of 398,186 individual CpG sites in primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from 42 nonasthma controls and 88 asthma cases, including 56 without MA (NMA) and 32 with MA. We used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of 69 and 554 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) that were specific to NMA and MA cases, respectively, compared with controls. WGCNA grouped 66 NMA-DMCs and 203 MA-DMCs into two and five comethylation modules, respectively. The eigenvector of one MA-associated module (turquoise) was uniquely correlated with 85 genes expressed in BECs and enriched for 36 pathways, 16 of which discriminated between NMA and MA using machine learning. Genes in all 16 pathways were decreased in MA compared with NMA cases (P = 7.1 × 10−3), a finding that replicated in nasal epithelial cells from an independent cohort (P = 0.02). Functional interpretation of these pathways suggested impaired T cell signaling and responses to viral and bacterial pathogens. The MA-associated turquoise module eigenvector was additionally correlated with clinical features of severe asthma and reflective of type 2 (T2)-low asthma (i.e., low total serum immunoglobulin E, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and eosinophilia). Overall, these data suggest that MA alters diverse epigenetically mediated pathways that lead to distinct subtypes of severe asthma in adults, including hard-to-treat T2-low asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adult Children ; Asthma/genetics ; Asthma/metabolism ; Child ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mothers ; Patient Acuity ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2116467119
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Article ; Online: Parent of origin gene expression in a founder population identifies two new candidate imprinted genes at known imprinted regions.

Mozaffari, Sahar V / Stein, Michelle M / Magnaye, Kevin M / Nicolae, Dan L / Ober, Carole

PloS one

2018 Volume 13, Issue 9, Page(s) e0203906

Abstract: Genomic imprinting is the phenomena that leads to silencing of one copy of a gene inherited from a specific parent. Mutations in imprinted regions have been involved in diseases showing parent of origin effects. Identifying genes with evidence of parent ... ...

Abstract	Genomic imprinting is the phenomena that leads to silencing of one copy of a gene inherited from a specific parent. Mutations in imprinted regions have been involved in diseases showing parent of origin effects. Identifying genes with evidence of parent of origin expression patterns in family studies allows the detection of more subtle imprinting. Here, we use allele specific expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 306 Hutterites related in a single pedigree to provide formal evidence for parent of origin effects. We take advantage of phased genotype data to assign parent of origin to RNA-seq reads in individuals with gene expression data. Our approach identified known imprinted genes, two putative novel imprinted genes, PXDC1 and PWAR6, and 14 genes with asymmetrical parent of origin gene expression. We used gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) to validate our findings, and then confirmed imprinting control regions (ICRs) using DNA methylation levels in the PBLs.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line ; DNA Methylation ; Ethnicity/genetics ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomic Imprinting ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Male ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0203906
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Article ; Online: Estimates of continental ancestry vary widely among individuals with the same mtDNA haplogroup.

Emery, Leslie S / Magnaye, Kevin M / Bigham, Abigail W / Akey, Joshua M / Bamshad, Michael J

American journal of human genetics

2015 Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–193

Abstract: The association between a geographical region and an mtDNA haplogroup(s) has provided the basis for using mtDNA haplogroups to infer an individual's place of origin and genetic ancestry. Although it is well known that ancestry inferences using mtDNA ... ...

Abstract	The association between a geographical region and an mtDNA haplogroup(s) has provided the basis for using mtDNA haplogroups to infer an individual's place of origin and genetic ancestry. Although it is well known that ancestry inferences using mtDNA haplogroups and those using genome-wide markers are frequently discrepant, little empirical information exists on the magnitude and scope of such discrepancies between multiple mtDNA haplogroups and worldwide populations. We compared genetic-ancestry inferences made by mtDNA-haplogroup membership to those made by autosomal SNPs in ∼940 samples of the Human Genome Diversity Panel and recently admixed populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Continental-ancestry proportions often varied widely among individuals sharing the same mtDNA haplogroup. For only half of mtDNA haplogroups did the highest average continental-ancestry proportion match the highest continental-ancestry proportion of a majority of individuals with that haplogroup. Prediction of an individual's mtDNA haplogroup from his or her continental-ancestry proportions was often incorrect. Collectively, these results indicate that for most individuals in the worldwide populations sampled, mtDNA-haplogroup membership provides limited information about either continental ancestry or continental region of origin.
MeSH term(s)	Continental Population Groups/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	219384-x
ISSN	1537-6605 ; 0002-9297
ISSN (online)	1537-6605
ISSN	0002-9297
DOI	10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.015
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Article ; Online: Asthma-associated genetic variants induce IL33 differential expression through an enhancer-blocking regulatory region.

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 6115

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated the IL33 locus in asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a 5 kb region within the GWAS-defined segment that acts as an enhancer-blocking element in vivo and in vitro. ...

Abstract	Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated the IL33 locus in asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a 5 kb region within the GWAS-defined segment that acts as an enhancer-blocking element in vivo and in vitro. Chromatin conformation capture showed that this 5 kb region loops to the IL33 promoter, potentially regulating its expression. We show that the asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1888909, located within the 5 kb region, is associated with IL33 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells and IL-33 protein expression in human plasma, potentially through differential binding of OCT-1 (POU2F1) to the asthma-risk allele. Our data demonstrate that asthma-associated variants at the IL33 locus mediate allele-specific regulatory activity and IL33 expression, providing a mechanism through which a regulatory SNP contributes to genetic risk of asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Animals ; Asthma/genetics ; Asthma/metabolism ; Chromatin/genetics ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Interleukin-33/genetics ; Interleukin-33/metabolism ; Male ; Mice, Transgenic ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1/genetics ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Chromatin ; Interleukin-33 ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-26347-z
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Article ; Online: A decade of research on the 17q12-21 asthma locus: Piecing together the puzzle.

Stein, Michelle M / Thompson, Emma E / Schoettler, Nathan / Helling, Britney A / Magnaye, Kevin M / Stanhope, Catherine / Igartua, Catherine / Morin, Andréanne / Washington, Charles / Nicolae, Dan / Bønnelykke, Klaus / Ober, Carole

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2018 Volume 142, Issue 3, Page(s) 749–764.e3

Abstract: Chromosome 17q12-21 remains the most highly replicated and significant asthma locus. Genotypes in the core region defined by the first genome-wide association study correlate with expression of 2 genes, ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB), ... ...

Abstract	Chromosome 17q12-21 remains the most highly replicated and significant asthma locus. Genotypes in the core region defined by the first genome-wide association study correlate with expression of 2 genes, ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB), making these prime candidate asthma genes, although recent studies have implicated gasdermin A (GSDMA) distal to and post-GPI attachment to proteins 3 (PGAP3) proximal to the core region as independent loci. We review 10 years of studies on the 17q12-21 locus and suggest that genotype-specific risks for asthma at the proximal and distal loci are not specific to early-onset asthma and mediated by PGAP3, ORMDL3, and/or GSDMA expression. We propose that the weak and inconsistent associations of 17q single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma in African Americans is due to the high frequency of some 17q alleles, the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium on African-derived chromosomes, and possibly different early-life asthma endotypes in these children. Finally, the inconsistent association between asthma and gene expression levels in blood or lung cells from older children and adults suggests that genotype effects may mediate asthma risk or protection during critical developmental windows and/or in response to relevant exposures in early life. Thus studies of young children and ethnically diverse populations are required to fully understand the relationship between genotype and asthma phenotype and the gene regulatory architecture at this locus.
MeSH term(s)	Asthma/ethnology ; Asthma/genetics ; Chromatin ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci
Chemical Substances	Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.974
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Article ; Online: African-specific alleles modify risk for asthma at the 17q12-q21 locus in African Americans.

Washington, Charles / Dapas, Matthew / Biddanda, Arjun / Magnaye, Kevin M / Aneas, Ivy / Helling, Britney A / Szczesny, Brooke / Boorgula, Meher Preethi / Taub, Margaret A / Kenny, Eimear / Mathias, Rasika A / Barnes, Kathleen C / Khurana Hershey, Gurjit K / Kercsmar, Carolyn M / Gereige, Jessica D / Makhija, Melanie / Gruchalla, Rebecca S / Gill, Michelle A / Liu, Andrew H /

Rastogi, Deepa / Busse, William / Gergen, Peter J / Visness, Cynthia M / Gold, Diane R / Hartert, Tina / Johnson, Christine C / Lemanske, Robert F / Martinez, Fernando D / Miller, Rachel L / Ownby, Dennis / Seroogy, Christine M / Wright, Anne L / Zoratti, Edward M / Bacharier, Leonard B / Kattan, Meyer / O'Connor, George T / Wood, Robert A / Nobrega, Marcelo A / Altman, Matthew C / Jackson, Daniel J / Gern, James E / McKennan, Christopher G / Ober, Carole

Genome medicine

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 112

Abstract: Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, occurring at higher frequencies and with more severe disease in children with African ancestry.: Methods: We tested for association with haplotypes at the most replicated and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, occurring at higher frequencies and with more severe disease in children with African ancestry. Methods: We tested for association with haplotypes at the most replicated and significant childhood-onset asthma locus at 17q12-q21 and asthma in European American and African American children. Following this, we used whole-genome sequencing data from 1060 African American and 100 European American individuals to identify novel variants on a high-risk African American-specific haplotype. We characterized these variants in silico using gene expression and ATAC-seq data from airway epithelial cells, functional annotations from ENCODE, and promoter capture (pc)Hi-C maps in airway epithelial cells. Candidate causal variants were then assessed for correlation with asthma-associated phenotypes in African American children and adults. Results: Our studies revealed nine novel African-specific common variants, enriched on a high-risk asthma haplotype, which regulated the expression of GSDMA in airway epithelial cells and were associated with features of severe asthma. Using ENCODE annotations, ATAC-seq, and pcHi-C, we narrowed the associations to two candidate causal variants that are associated with features of T2 low severe asthma. Conclusions: Previously unknown genetic variation at the 17q12-21 childhood-onset asthma locus contributes to asthma severity in individuals with African ancestries. We suggest that many other population-specific variants that have not been discovered in GWAS contribute to the genetic risk for asthma and other common diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Black or African American/genetics ; Alleles ; Asthma/genetics ; Asthma/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
Chemical Substances	GSDMA protein, human ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2484394-5
ISSN	1756-994X ; 1756-994X
ISSN (online)	1756-994X
ISSN	1756-994X
DOI	10.1186/s13073-022-01114-x
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Article: Multiple mutant T alleles cause haploinsufficiency of Brachyury and short tails in Manx cats

Buckingham, Kati J / McMillin, Margaret J / Brassil, Margaret M / Shively, Kathryn M / Magnaye, Kevin M / Cortes, Alejandro / Weinmann, Amy S / Lyons, Leslie A / Bamshad, Michael J

Mammalian genome. 2013 Oct., v. 24, no. 9-10

2013

Abstract: Most mammals possess a tail, humans and the Great Apes being notable exceptions. One approach to understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary forces influencing development of a tail is to identify the genetic factors that influence extreme tail length ... ...

Abstract	Most mammals possess a tail, humans and the Great Apes being notable exceptions. One approach to understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary forces influencing development of a tail is to identify the genetic factors that influence extreme tail length variation within a species. In mice, the Tailless locus has proven to be complex, with evidence of multiple different genes and mutations with pleiotropic effects on tail length, fertility, embryogenesis, male transmission ratio, and meiotic recombination. Five cat breeds have abnormal tail length phenotypes: the American Bobtail, the Manx, the Pixie-Bob, the Kurilian Bobtail, and the Japanese Bobtail. We sequenced the T gene in several independent lineages of Manx cats from both the US and the Isle of Man and identified three 1-bp deletions and one duplication/deletion, each predicted to cause a frameshift that leads to premature termination and truncation of the carboxy terminal end of the Brachyury protein. Ninety-five percent of Manx cats with short-tail phenotypes were heterozygous for T mutations, mutant alleles appeared to be largely lineage-specific, and a maximum LOD score of 6.21 with T was obtained at a recombination fraction (Θ) of 0.00. One mutant T allele was shared with American Bobtails and Pixie-Bobs; both breeds developed more recently in the US. The ability of mutant Brachyury protein to activate transcription of a downstream target was substantially lower than wild-type protein. Collectively, these results suggest that haploinsufficiency of Brachyury is one mechanism underlying variable tail length in domesticated cats.
Keywords	alleles ; cat breeds ; cats ; embryogenesis ; heterozygosity ; loci ; mice ; mutants ; mutation ; phenotype ; tail ; Isle of Man ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-10
Size	p. 400-408.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1058547-3
ISSN	1432-1777 ; 0938-8990
ISSN (online)	1432-1777
ISSN	0938-8990
DOI	10.1007/s00335-013-9471-1
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