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  1. Article: Fully Disposable Manufacturing Concepts for Clinical and Commercial Manufacturing and Ballroom Concepts.

    Boedeker, Berthold / Goldstein, Adam / Mahajan, Ekta

    Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology

    2018  Volume 165, Page(s) 179–210

    Abstract: The availability and use of pre-sterilized disposables has greatly changed the methods used in biopharmaceuticals development and production, particularly from mammalian cell culture. Nowadays, almost all process steps from cell expansion, fermentation, ... ...

    Abstract The availability and use of pre-sterilized disposables has greatly changed the methods used in biopharmaceuticals development and production, particularly from mammalian cell culture. Nowadays, almost all process steps from cell expansion, fermentation, cell removal, and purification to formulation and storage of drug substances can be carried out in disposables, although there are still limitations with single-use technologies, particularly in the areas of pretesting and quality control of disposables, bag and connections standardization and qualification, extractables and leachables (E/L) validation, and dependency on individual vendors. The current status of single-use technologies is summarized for all process unit operations using a standard mAb process as an example. In addition, current pros and cons of using disposables are addressed in a comparative way, including quality control and E/L validation.The continuing progress in developing single-use technologies has an important impact on manufacturing facilities, resulting in much faster, less expensive and simpler plant design, start-up, and operation, because cell culture process steps are no longer performed in hard-piped unit operations. This leads to simpler operations in a lab-like environment. Overall it enriches the current landscape of available facilities from standard hard-piped to hard-piped/disposables hybrid to completely single-use-based production plants using the current segregation and containment concept. At the top, disposables in combination with completely and functionally closed systems facilitate a new, revolutionary design of ballroom facilities without or with much less segregation, which enables us to perform good manufacturing practice manufacturing of different products simultaneously in unclassified but controlled areas.Finally, single-use processing in lab-like shell facilities is a big enabler of transferring and establishing production in emergent countries, and this is described in more detail in 7. Graphical Abstract.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biotechnology/trends ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Disposable Equipment ; Quality Control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0724-6145
    ISSN 0724-6145
    DOI 10.1007/10_2017_19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clearance of extractables and leachables from single-use technologies via ultrafiltration/diafiltration operations.

    Magarian, Nicholas / Lee, Kate / Nagpal, Kunal / Skidmore, Ken / Mahajan, Ekta

    Biotechnology progress

    2016  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 718–724

    Abstract: Quantifying the clearance of extractables and leachables (E/L) throughout ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UFDF) operations allows for greater flexibility in the implementation of single-use technologies in steps upstream of the UFDF process. A proof-of- ... ...

    Abstract Quantifying the clearance of extractables and leachables (E/L) throughout ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UFDF) operations allows for greater flexibility in the implementation of single-use technologies in steps upstream of the UFDF process. A proof-of-concept study was completed in which the clearance of 7 E/L from single-use technologies (trimethylsilanol, hexanoic acid, butyrolactone, t-butyl alcohol, caprolactam, acetonitrile, and benzyl alcohol) in four representative proteins were measured and monitored during the UFDF process using quantitative NMR. This study demonstrated that the defined E/L spiked into a variety of protein solutions can be cleared to <1 ppm by 9 diavolumes from a maximum initial load concentration of 1,000 ppm. However, in some cases a rebound effect was observed in the recovered pool to >1 ppm, which is explained in detail. The overall clearance trend observed for both buffer control and protein-containing solutions resembled the ideal clearance trend where no apparent interactions were observed between E/L with the protein, UFDF system, or with other defined E/L which may be present in the system. Additionally, the UFDF system is capable of clearing these potential E/L from single-use technologies below 1 ppm irrespective of initial concentrations in the load (1,000 or 100 ppm), independently from the type of protein. In general, mass recoveries were within ±15% of each spiked compound in protein solutions and their respective buffer controls, suggesting spiked E/L do not interact strongly with protein. By demonstrating the product independent clearance trends of the spiked E/L across UFDF, these results will contribute to the simplification of the E/L toxicology assessment and allow modular manufacturing approach for single-use technologies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:718-724, 2016.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 165657-0
    ISSN 1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
    ISSN (online) 1520-6033
    ISSN 8756-7938
    DOI 10.1002/btpr.2277
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Strategy for selecting disposable bags for cell culture media applications based on a root-cause investigation.

    Wood, Joseph / Mahajan, Ekta / Shiratori, Masaru

    Biotechnology progress

    2013  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1535–1549

    Abstract: The use of disposable bags for cell culture media storage has grown significantly in the past decade. Some of the key advantages of using disposable bags relative to non-disposable containers include increased product throughput, decreased cleaning ... ...

    Abstract The use of disposable bags for cell culture media storage has grown significantly in the past decade. Some of the key advantages of using disposable bags relative to non-disposable containers include increased product throughput, decreased cleaning validation costs, reduced risk of cross contamination and lower facility costs. As the scope of use of disposable bags for cell culture applications increases, problematic bags and scenarios should be identified and addressed to continue improving disposables technologies and meet the biotech industry's needs. In this article, we examine a cell culture application wherein media stored in disposable bags is warmed at 37°C before use for cell culture operations. A problematic bag film was identified through a prospective and retrospective cell culture investigation. The investigation provided information on the scope and variation of the issue with respect to different Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, cell culture media, and application-specific parameters. It also led to the development of application-specific test methods and enabled a strategy for disposable bag film testing. The strategy was implemented for qualifying an alternative bag film for use in our processes. In this test strategy, multiple lots of 13 bag film types, encompassing eight vendors were evaluated using a three round, cell culture-based test strategy. The test strategy resulted in the determination of four viable bag film options based on the technical data. The results of this evaluation were used to conclude that a volatile or air-quenched compound, likely generated by gamma irradiation of the problematic bag film, negatively impacted cell culture performance.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CHO Cells/cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cricetulus ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Culture Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 165657-0
    ISSN 1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
    ISSN (online) 1520-6033
    ISSN 8756-7938
    DOI 10.1002/btpr.1802
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Improving affinity chromatography resin efficiency using semi-continuous chromatography.

    Mahajan, Ekta / George, Anupa / Wolk, Bradley

    Journal of chromatography. A

    2012  Volume 1227, Page(s) 154–162

    Abstract: Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in ... ...

    Abstract Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in cycles until all of the HCCF is processed. Protein A resin costs are significant, comprising a substantial portion of the raw material costs in MAb manufacturing. Cost can be reduced by operating the process continuously using multiple smaller columns to a higher binding capacity in lieu of one industrial scale column. In this study, a series of experiments were performed using three 1-ml Hi-Trap™ MabSelect SuRe™ columns on a modified ÄKTA™ system operated according to the three Column Periodic Counter Current Chromatography (3C PCC) principle. The columns were loaded individually at different times until the 70% breakthrough point was achieved. The HCCF with unbound protein from the column was then loaded onto the next column to capture the MAb, preventing any protein loss. At any given point, all three columns were in operation, either loading or washing, enabling a reduction in processing time. The product yield and quality were evaluated and compared with a batch process to determine the effect of using the three column continuous process. The continuous operation shows the potential to reduce both resin volume and buffer consumption by ∼40%, however the system hardware and the process is more complex than the batch process. Alternative methods using a single standard affinity column, such as recycling load effluent back to the tank or increasing residence time, were also evaluated to improve Protein A resin efficiency. These alternative methods showed similar cost benefits but required longer processing time.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification ; CHO Cells ; Chromatography, Affinity/instrumentation ; Chromatography, Affinity/methods ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Equipment Reuse ; Laboratory Chemicals/chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic/chemistry ; Staphylococcal Protein A/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Laboratory Chemicals ; Resins, Synthetic ; Staphylococcal Protein A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1171488-8
    ISSN 1873-3778 ; 0021-9673
    ISSN (online) 1873-3778
    ISSN 0021-9673
    DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Improving affinity chromatography resin efficiency using semi-continuous chromatography

    Mahajan, Ekta / George, Anupa / Wolk, Bradley

    Journal of chromatography. 2012 Mar. 2, v. 1227

    2012  

    Abstract: Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in ... ...

    Abstract Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in cycles until all of the HCCF is processed. Protein A resin costs are significant, comprising a substantial portion of the raw material costs in MAb manufacturing. Cost can be reduced by operating the process continuously using multiple smaller columns to a higher binding capacity in lieu of one industrial scale column. In this study, a series of experiments were performed using three 1-ml Hi-Trap™ MabSelect SuRe™ columns on a modified ÄKTA™ system operated according to the three Column Periodic Counter Current Chromatography (3C PCC) principle. The columns were loaded individually at different times until the 70% breakthrough point was achieved. The HCCF with unbound protein from the column was then loaded onto the next column to capture the MAb, preventing any protein loss. At any given point, all three columns were in operation, either loading or washing, enabling a reduction in processing time. The product yield and quality were evaluated and compared with a batch process to determine the effect of using the three column continuous process. The continuous operation shows the potential to reduce both resin volume and buffer consumption by ∼40%, however the system hardware and the process is more complex than the batch process. Alternative methods using a single standard affinity column, such as recycling load effluent back to the tank or increasing residence time, were also evaluated to improve Protein A resin efficiency. These alternative methods showed similar cost benefits but required longer processing time.
    Keywords affinity chromatography ; binding capacity ; cell culture ; countercurrent chromatography ; monoclonal antibodies ; raw materials ; washing
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-0302
    Size p. 154-162.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 218139-3
    ISSN 0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
    ISSN 0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
    DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.106
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Use of disposable reactors to generate inoculum cultures for E. coli production fermentations.

    Mahajan, Ekta / Matthews, Timothy / Hamilton, Ryan / Laird, Michael W

    Biotechnology progress

    2010  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 1200–1203

    Abstract: Disposable technology is being used more each year in the biotechnology industry. Disposable bioreactors allow one to avoid expenses associated with cleaning, assembly and operations, as well as equipment validation. The WAVE bioreactor is well ... ...

    Abstract Disposable technology is being used more each year in the biotechnology industry. Disposable bioreactors allow one to avoid expenses associated with cleaning, assembly and operations, as well as equipment validation. The WAVE bioreactor is well established for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) production, however, it has not yet been thoroughly tested for E. coli production because of the high oxygen demand and temperature maintenance requirements of that platform. The objective of this study is to establish a robust process to generate inoculum for E. coli production fermentations in a WAVE bioreactor. We opted not to evaluate the WAVE system for production cultures because of the high cell densities required in our current E. coli production processes. Instead, the WAVE bioreactor 20/50 system was evaluated at laboratory scale (10-L) to generate inoculum with target optical densities (OD(550)) of 15 within 7-9 h (pre-established target for stainless steel fermentors). The maximum settings for rock rate (40 rpm) and angle (10.5) were used to maximize mass transfer. The gas feed was also supplemented with additional oxygen to meet the high respiratory demand of the culture. The results showed that the growth profiles for the inoculum cultures were similar to those obtained from conventional stainless steel fermentors. These inoculum cultures were subsequently inoculated into 10-L working volume stainless steel fermentors to evaluate the inocula performance of two different production systems during recombinant protein production. The results of these production cultures using WAVE inocula showed that the growth and recombinant protein production was comparable to the control data set. Furthermore, an economic analysis showed that the WAVE system would require less capital investment for installation and operating expenses would be less than traditional stainless steel systems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bioreactors/microbiology ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Fermentation/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 165657-0
    ISSN 1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
    ISSN (online) 1520-6033
    ISSN 8756-7938
    DOI 10.1002/btpr.414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Multiproduct Resin Reuse for Clinical and Commercial Manufacturing-Methodology and Acceptance Criteria.

    Sharnez, Rizwan / Doares, Steve / Manning, Shane / Mehta, Krunal / Mahajan, Ekta / To, Angela / Daniels, William / Glynn, Judy / Dhamane, Sagar / Wen, Xiaona / Wang, Yunjuan / Gour, Pankaj / Guenther, Constanze / Foley, Derek / Hayes, Ronan / Mott, Adam / Prabhu, Sunil / Tavalsky, Dawn / Hendershot, Michael /
    Haas, David / Hesslein, Ashley / Schuelke, Norbert / Tjandra, Hendri

    PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology

    2018  Volume 72, Issue 6, Page(s) 584–598

    Abstract: Chromatography resins used for purifying biopharmaceuticals are generally dedicated to a single product. In good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities that manufacture a limited amount of any particular product, this practice can result in the resin ... ...

    Abstract Chromatography resins used for purifying biopharmaceuticals are generally dedicated to a single product. In good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities that manufacture a limited amount of any particular product, this practice can result in the resin being used for a fraction of its useful life. A methodology for extending resin reuse to multiple products is described. With this methodology, resin and column performance, product carryover, and cleaning effectiveness are continually monitored to ensure that product quality is not affected by multiproduct resin reuse (MRR).
    MeSH term(s) Biological Products/standards ; Chromatography/methods ; Drug Industry/methods ; Equipment Reuse ; Recombinant Proteins/standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Biological Products ; Recombinant Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205009-x
    ISSN 1948-2124 ; 0277-3406 ; 1076-397X ; 0279-7976 ; 1079-7440
    ISSN (online) 1948-2124
    ISSN 0277-3406 ; 1076-397X ; 0279-7976 ; 1079-7440
    DOI 10.5731/pdajpst.2016.007245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Improving affinity chromatography resin efficiency using semi-continuous chromatography

    Mahajan, Ekta / George, Anupa / Wolk, Bradley

    Journal of chromatography

    Volume v. 1227

    Abstract: Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in ... ...

    Abstract Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for purification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). At the manufacturing scale, the HCCF is typically loaded on a single Protein A affinity chromatography column in cycles until all of the HCCF is processed. Protein A resin costs are significant, comprising a substantial portion of the raw material costs in MAb manufacturing. Cost can be reduced by operating the process continuously using multiple smaller columns to a higher binding capacity in lieu of one industrial scale column. In this study, a series of experiments were performed using three 1-ml Hi-Trap™ MabSelect SuRe™ columns on a modified ÄKTA™ system operated according to the three Column Periodic Counter Current Chromatography (3C PCC) principle. The columns were loaded individually at different times until the 70% breakthrough point was achieved. The HCCF with unbound protein from the column was then loaded onto the next column to capture the MAb, preventing any protein loss. At any given point, all three columns were in operation, either loading or washing, enabling a reduction in processing time. The product yield and quality were evaluated and compared with a batch process to determine the effect of using the three column continuous process. The continuous operation shows the potential to reduce both resin volume and buffer consumption by ∼40%, however the system hardware and the process is more complex than the batch process. Alternative methods using a single standard affinity column, such as recycling load effluent back to the tank or increasing residence time, were also evaluated to improve Protein A resin efficiency. These alternative methods showed similar cost benefits but required longer processing time.
    Keywords cell culture ; affinity chromatography ; countercurrent chromatography ; raw materials ; monoclonal antibodies ; washing ; binding capacity
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0021-9673
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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