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Article ; Online: Herbo-Mineral Medicine, Lithom Exhibits Anti-Nephrolithiasis Activity in Rat Model of Hyperoxaluria by Attenuating Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and Oxidative Stress.

Balkrishna, Acharya / Sinha, Sandeep / Manik, Moumita / Pandey, Anupam / Maity, Madhulina / Dev, Rishabh / Varshney, Anurag

Discovery medicine

2024 Volume 36, Issue 183, Page(s) 799–815

Abstract: Background: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) forms the most common type of kidney stones observed in clinics, elevated levels of urinary oxalate being the principal risk factor for such an etiology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) forms the most common type of kidney stones observed in clinics, elevated levels of urinary oxalate being the principal risk factor for such an etiology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-nephrolithiatic effect of herbo-mineral formulation, Lithom. Methods: The Results: The presence of Lithom during COM crystals synthesis significantly reduced the average crystal area, feret's diameter, and area-perimeter ratio, in a dose-dependent manner. SEM analysis revealed that COM crystals synthesized in the presence of 100 and 300 μg/mL of Lithom exhibited a veritable morphological transition from irregular polygons with sharp edges to smoothened smaller cuboid polygons. UHPLC analysis of Lithom revealed the presence of Trigonelline, Bergenin, Xanthosine, Adenosine, Bohoervinone B, Vanillic acid, and Ellagic acid as key phytoconstituents. In EG-induced SD rats, the Lithom-treated group showed a decrease in elevated urinary oxalate levels, oxidative stress, and renal inflammation. Von Kossa staining of kidney tissue also exhibited a marked reduction in crystal depositions in Lithom-treated groups. Conclusion: Taken together, Lithom could be a potential clinical-therapeutic alternative for management of nephrolithiasis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry ; Hyperoxaluria/chemically induced ; Hyperoxaluria/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Nephrolithiasis/chemically induced ; Nephrolithiasis/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/pathology ; Male ; Crystallization ; Ethylene Glycol/toxicity ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE) ; Ethylene Glycol (FC72KVT52F) ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2415544-5
ISSN	1944-7930 ; 1944-7930
ISSN (online)	1944-7930
ISSN	1944-7930
DOI	10.24976/Discov.Med.202436183.75
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Article ; Online: Renogrit attenuates Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in human renal spheroids and in Sprague-Dawley rats by regulating kidney injury biomarkers and creatinine/urea clearance.

Balkrishna, Acharya / Sharma, Sonam / Gohel, Vivek / Kumari, Ankita / Rawat, Malini / Maity, Madhulina / Sinha, Sandeep / Dev, Rishabh / Varshney, Anurag

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0293605

Abstract: Vancomycin, is widely used against methicillin-resistant bacterial infections. However, Vancomycin accumulation causes nephrotoxicity which leads to an impairment in the filtration mechanisms of kidney. Traditional herbal medicines hold potential for ... ...

Abstract	Vancomycin, is widely used against methicillin-resistant bacterial infections. However, Vancomycin accumulation causes nephrotoxicity which leads to an impairment in the filtration mechanisms of kidney. Traditional herbal medicines hold potential for treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Herein, we investigated protective properties of plant-based medicine Renogrit against Vancomycin-induced kidney injury. Phytometabolite analysis of Renogrit was performed by UHPLC. Spheroids formed from human proximal tubular cell (HK-2) were used for in vitro evaluation of Vancomycin-induced alterations in cell viability, P-gp functionality, NAG, KIM-1 levels, and mRNA expression of NGAL and MMP-7. The in vivo efficacy of Renogrit against Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity was further evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by measurement of BUN, serum creatinine, and their respective clearances. Moreover, eGFR, kidney-to-body weight ratio, GSH/GSSG ratio, KIM-1, NAG levels and mRNA expression of KIM-1 and osteopontin were also analyzed. Changes in histopathology of kidney and hematological parameters were also observed. Renogrit treatment led to an increase in cell viability, normalization of P-gp functionality, decrease in levels of NAG, KIM-1, and reduction in mRNA expression of NGAL and MMP-7. In Vancomycin-challenged SD rats, Renogrit treatment normalized altered kidney functions, histological, and hematological parameters. Our findings revealed that Renogrit holds a clinico-therapeutic potential for alleviating Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Humans ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vancomycin ; Creatinine ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7/metabolism ; Lipocalin-2/metabolism ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Urea/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 (EC 3.4.24.23) ; Lipocalin-2 ; Urea (8W8T17847W) ; RNA, Messenger ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293605
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Article ; Online: Divya-WeightGo combined with moderate aerobic exercise remediates adiposopathy, insulin resistance, serum biomarkers, and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Balkrishna, Acharya / Sharma, Sonam / Maity, Madhulina / Tomer, Meenu / Singh, Rani / Gohel, Vivek / Dev, Rishabh / Sinha, Sandeep / Varshney, Anurag

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

2023 Volume 163, Page(s) 114785

Abstract: Obesity has become an unprecedented epidemic worldwide owing to a prolonged imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available therapies primarily suppress energy intake but often fail to produce sustained fat loss, necessitating a more ... ...

Abstract	Obesity has become an unprecedented epidemic worldwide owing to a prolonged imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available therapies primarily suppress energy intake but often fail to produce sustained fat loss, necessitating a more efficacious strategy to combat obesity. In this study, a polyherbal formulation, Divya-WeightGo (DWG) has been investigated for its anti-obesity activity using in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed the presence of phytocompounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, ellagic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, withaferin A and hydroxycitric acid, proven to aid in weight loss. The exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to DWG at cytosafe concentrations inhibited lipid and triglyceride accumulation and downregulated the expression of several adipogenic and lipogenic markers like PPARy, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, SREBP-1c, FASN and DGAT1. DWG reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB activity in THP-1 cells. The in-vivo anti-obesity activity of DWG, both alone and in combination with moderate aerobic exercise, was assessed in a high fat diet-induced obese mouse model. DWG mitigated the obesity associated increased body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, glucose intolerance, diminished insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, altered liver function profile, lipid accumulation and adiposopathy in obese mice, alone as well as in combination intervention, with better efficacy in the combination approach. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that DWG could be a promising therapeutic avenue to treat obesity through attenuation of lipid and fat accumulation in liver and adipose tissues and could be utilized as an adjunct with lifestyle interventions to combat obesity and associated complications.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Mice, Obese ; Insulin Resistance ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Obesity/metabolism ; Liver ; Triglycerides ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; 3T3-L1 Cells
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; Triglycerides ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392415-4
ISSN	1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
ISSN (online)	1950-6007
ISSN	0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
DOI	10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114785
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Article: Sero-diagnosis of paratuberculosis in Gaddi sheep of Himachal Pradesh

Maity, Madhulina / Thakur, Monika / Gupta, V.K.

Indian journal of veterinary pathology. 2018 Sept. 1, v. 42, no. 3

2018

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of paratuberculosis inmigratory Gaddi sheep of Himachal Pradesh using indigenous ELISA kit. Thirty nine serum samples obtained from slaughtered sheep from the local slaughter places at ... ...

Abstract	The present study was designed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of paratuberculosis inmigratory Gaddi sheep of Himachal Pradesh using indigenous ELISA kit. Thirty nine serum samples obtained from slaughtered sheep from the local slaughter places at Palampur during September 2013 to March 2014 were tested against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Out of 39 sera screened, 20 (51.28%) were found to be positive. Moreover, ELISA detected the highest percent (63%) positive cases from the age group above 2 years in comparison to sero-positive younger animals. Whereas, agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay was not able to detect any positive case. Also, acid-fast staining (Ziehl-Neelsen) in cytosmears could detect only 7 (18%) and none in tissue sections. The ELISA positive cases revealed histological lesions ranging from Grade-II to IV. It was concluded that paratuberculosis was prevalent in Gaddi sheep population of Himachal and the indigenous ELISA was specific and sensitive as compared to AGID or acid-fast staining in detecting positive cases.
Keywords	Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; agar ; animal pathology ; blood serum ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; gels ; histology ; paratuberculosis ; serodiagnosis ; seroprevalence ; sheep ; slaughter ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0901
Size	p. 202-204.
Publishing place	Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists
Document type	Article
ISSN	0973-970X
DOI	10.5958/0973-970X.2018.00048.2
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Article: Effect of inhibition of Toll-like receptor 3 signaling on pathogenesis of rabies virus in mouse model

Sardana, Sumit / Singh, Karam Pal / Saminathan, Mani / Vineetha, Sobharani / Panda, Shibani / Dinesh, Murali / Maity, Madhulina / Varshney, Rajat / Sulabh, Sourabh / Sahoo, Monalisa / Dutt, Triveni

Acta tropica. 2022 Oct., v. 234

2022

Abstract: Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease with inevitably fatal outcome. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) could sense dsRNA viral infections, and implicated in pathogenesis of rabies and Negri bodies (NBs) formation. Present study was undertaken to elucidate the ... ...

Abstract	Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease with inevitably fatal outcome. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) could sense dsRNA viral infections, and implicated in pathogenesis of rabies and Negri bodies (NBs) formation. Present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of TLR3 in pathogenesis, NBs formation, and therapeutic potential of blocking TLR3/dsRNA interaction in rabies infection. Young Swiss albino mice were infected with 100 LD₅₀ of street rabies virus (SRABV) intracerebrally (i/c) on day 0 and treated with 30 μg of CU CPT 4a (selective TLR3 inhibitor) i/c on 0, 3 and 5 days post-infection (DPI). Three mice each were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 DPI to study sequential pathological consequences through histopathology, Seller's staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and viral and cytokine genes quantification by real-time PCR. CU CPT 4a inhibited TLR3 expression resulted in delayed development and decreased intensity of clinical signs and pathological lesions, low viral load, significantly reduced NBs formation, and increased survival time in SRABV-infected mice. These parameters suggested that TLR3 did influence the SRABV replication and NBs formation. Inhibition of TLR3 led to decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons indicated an anti-inflammatory effect of CU CPT 4a during SRABV infection. Further, TLR3-inhibited group revealed normal CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cells ratio with less TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells indicated that immune cell kinetics are not affected during TLR3-inhibition. SRABV-infected and mock-treated mice were developed severe clinical signs and histopathological lesions, more NBs formation, high viral load, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in brain, which were correlated with higher expression levels of TLR3. In conclusion, these data suggested that TLR3/dsRNA signaling pathway could play critical role in pathogenesis of SRABV infection in vivo and opens up new avenues of therapeutics.
Keywords	Rabies lyssavirus ; Toll-like receptor 3 ; albino ; anti-inflammatory activity ; apoptosis ; brain ; cytokines ; flow cytometry ; fluorescent antibody technique ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; mice ; pathogenesis ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; rabies ; therapeutics ; viral load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106589
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Article: Pathology of naturally occurring paratuberculosis in Gaddi goats of Himachal Pradesh

Thakur, Monika / Maity, Madhulina / Gupta, Vipan Kumar

Indian journal of veterinary pathology. 2017 Mar., v. 41, no. 1

2017

Abstract: In present study, pathological changes due to paratuberculosis, also known as Johne's disease, were described in apparently healthy Gaddi goats in Himachal Pradesh. Tissue including terminal ileum, ileo-caecal junction and associated lymph nodes were ... ...

Abstract	In present study, pathological changes due to paratuberculosis, also known as Johne's disease, were described in apparently healthy Gaddi goats in Himachal Pradesh. Tissue including terminal ileum, ileo-caecal junction and associated lymph nodes were collected from 68 goats slaughtered for table purpose, and screened for lesions of paratuberculosis by performing Ziehl-Neelsen's (ZN) staining and gross/histopathological examination. Eighteen out of 68 goats showed gross lesions of paratuberculosis. Microscopic examination of affected tissues revealed lesions in 39 goats. The microscopic lesions were classified into four grades i.e., grade I (least severe) to IV (most severe) on the basis of infiltration of mononuclear cells consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelioid cells. Out of 39 goats, 9 (23.07%), 17 (43.58%), 9 (23.07%) and 4 (10.25%) showed lesions of grade I, II, III and IV, respectively. In addition, ZN staining of smears and/or tissue sections revealed acid fast bacilli (AFB) in 5 out of 17 grade II, 8 out of 9 grade III animals and all the 4 grade IV cases whereas, none of the grade I case was positive on ZN staining. Results of the study indicated that diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis could be done on the basis of gross, microscopic lesions in the intestine and associated lymph nodes and demonstration of AFB in the affected tissues and smears using ZN staining. The present study puts on record the first report of paratuberculosis among Gaddi goats in HP.
Keywords	animal pathology ; goats ; histopathology ; ileum ; lymph ; macrophages ; microscopy ; paratuberculosis ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 25-30.
Publishing place	Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists
Document type	Article
ISSN	0973-970X
DOI	10.5958/0973-970X.2017.00004.9
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Article ; Online: Effect of inhibition of Toll-like receptor 3 signaling on pathogenesis of rabies virus in mouse model.

Sardana, Sumit / Singh, Karam Pal / Saminathan, Mani / Vineetha, Sobharani / Panda, Shibani / Dinesh, Murali / Maity, Madhulina / Varshney, Rajat / Sulabh, Sourabh / Sahoo, Monalisa / Dutt, Triveni

Acta tropica

2022 Volume 234, Page(s) 106589

Abstract	Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease with inevitably fatal outcome. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) could sense dsRNA viral infections, and implicated in pathogenesis of rabies and Negri bodies (NBs) formation. Present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of TLR3 in pathogenesis, NBs formation, and therapeutic potential of blocking TLR3/dsRNA interaction in rabies infection. Young Swiss albino mice were infected with 100 LD
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rabies ; Rabies virus/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; TLR3 protein, mouse ; Toll-Like Receptor 3
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106589
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Article ; Online: Pathological and immunological characterization of bluetongue virus serotype 1 infection in type I interferons blocked immunocompetent adult mice.

Saminathan, Mani / Singh, Karam Pal / Maity, Madhulina / Vineetha, Sobharani / Manjunathareddy, Gundallhalli Bayyappa / Dhama, Kuldeep / Malik, Yashpal Singh / Ramakrishnan, Muthannan Andavar / Misri, Jyoti / Gupta, Vivek Kumar

Journal of advanced research

2021 Volume 31, Page(s) 137–153

Abstract: Introduction: Wild-type adult mice with intact interferon (IFN) system were neither susceptible to bluetongue virus (BTV) infection nor showed signs of morbidity/mortality. Establishment of immunologically competent wild-type adult mouse model with type ...

Abstract	Introduction: Wild-type adult mice with intact interferon (IFN) system were neither susceptible to bluetongue virus (BTV) infection nor showed signs of morbidity/mortality. Establishment of immunologically competent wild-type adult mouse model with type I IFNs blockade is necessary to assess the pathogenesis, immune responses and testing of BTV vaccines. Objectives: Present study aimed to establish and characterize BTV serotype 1 infection in immunocompetent adult mice with type I IFNs blockade at the time of infection by studying immune responses and sequential pathology. Methods: Adult mice were administered with anti-mouse IFN-α/β receptor subunit-1 (IFNAR1) blocking antibody (Clone: MAR1-5A3) 24 h before and after BTV serotype 1 infection, and sacrificed at various time points. Sequential pathology, BTV localization by immunohistochemistry and quantification by qRT-PCR, immune cell kinetics and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cytokines estimation by c-ELISA and qRT-PCR were studied. Results: IFNAR blocked-infected mice developed clinical signs and typical lesions of BT; whereas, isotype-infected control mice did not develop any disease. The IFNAR blocked-infected mice showed enlarged, edematous, and congested lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen, and vascular (congestion and hemorrhage) and pneumonic lesions in lungs. Histopathologically, marked lymphoid depletion with "starry-sky pattern" due to lymphocytes apoptosis was noticed in the LNs and spleen. BTV antigen was detected and quantified in lymphoid organs, lungs, and other organs at various time points. Initial leukopenia (increased CD4 Conclusion: Present study is first to characterize BTV serotype 1 infection in immunocompetent adult mouse with type I IFNs blockade. The findings will be useful for studying pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of BTV vaccines.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Blocking/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Bluetongue/immunology ; Bluetongue/pathology ; Bluetongue virus/genetics ; Bluetongue virus/immunology ; Female ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Leukocytes/immunology ; Leukocytosis/immunology ; Leukopenia/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Mice ; Models, Immunological ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology ; Serogroup ; Sheep ; Spleen/pathology ; Spleen/virology ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Blocking ; Interferon Type I ; Viral Vaccines ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta (156986-95-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-20
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541849-X
ISSN	2090-1224 ; 2090-1224
ISSN (online)	2090-1224
ISSN	2090-1224
DOI	10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.007
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Article: Pathological changes in native sheep experimentally infected with bluetongue virus 10

Vineetha, S. / Singh, K.P. / Maity, Madhulina / Sharma, G.K. / Saminathan, M. / Sonalika, M. / Sahoo, Diptimayee / Singh, Rohit / Gupta, V.K.

Indian journal of veterinary pathology. 2019 Mar. 1, v. 43, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of bluetongue (BT) in sheep thrives throughout tropical, subtropical and temper-ate regions of the world wherever competent vector population exist for dissemination of the virus. BT has a severe impact on the ... ...

Abstract	Bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of bluetongue (BT) in sheep thrives throughout tropical, subtropical and temper-ate regions of the world wherever competent vector population exist for dissemination of the virus. BT has a severe impact on the livestock economy of a country or region. The present study was designed to study the pathology of Indian isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) in experimentally infected native sheep. Six indigenous native sheep were intradermally infected with clarified virus suspension having 106.0 TCID50/ml and four animals were kept as negative control. One animal from each group was sacrificed at 04,07, 11 and 16 DPI and representative organs were collected. Very mild clinical signs were observed in BTV-10 infected animals. Grossly, lymph nodes were foundenlarged, oedematous and hemorrhagic, lungs also oedematous and congested. Microscopically, lymph nodes, spleen, heart, lungs and brain showed mild to moderate lesions in vascular endothelium. Viral antigens could be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils. BTV antibodies were detected at 5 DPI and the antigens were detected consistently in tongue, thymus, muscle, heart and pulmonary artery at all sacrificed points. The experimental inoculation of BTV-10developedonly subclinical infection in native sheep. How to cite this article: S., Vineetha, Singh, K.P., Maity, M., Sharma, G.K., Saminathan, M., M., Sonalika, Sahoo, D., Singh, R. and Gupta, V.K. Pathological changes in native sheep experimentally infected with bluetongue virus 10 (2019). Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 43(1): 01–06.
Keywords	Bluetongue virus ; animal pathology ; bluetongue ; brain ; endothelium ; etiological agents ; heart ; immunohistochemistry ; lymph ; muscles ; pulmonary artery ; serotypes ; sheep ; spleen ; tongue ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0301
Size	p. 1-6.
Publishing place	Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists
Document type	Article
ISSN	0973-970X
DOI	10.5958/0973-970X.2019.00002.6
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Article: An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan, Mani / Singh, Karam Pal / Khorajiya, Jaynudin Hajibhai / Dinesh, Murali / Vineetha, Sobharani / Maity, Madhulina / Rahman, AT Faslu / Misri, Jyoti / Malik, Yashpal Singh / Gupta, Vivek Kumar / Singh, Raj Kumar / Dhama, Kuldeep

Veterinary quarterly. 2020 Jan. 1, v. 40, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes ... ...

Abstract	Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.
Keywords	Antilocapra americana ; Bluetongue virus ; Camelidae ; Culicoides ; Odocoileus virginianus ; Ovis canadensis ; World Organization for Animal Health ; agar ; antelopes ; bluetongue ; cattle ; cell culture ; disease control ; economic impact ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; gels ; international trade ; live vaccines ; monitoring ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; seroprevalence ; serotypes ; sheep ; socioeconomics ; transplacental transmission ; vaccination ; viruses ; Europe ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0101
Size	p. 258-321.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	754161-2
ISSN	1875-5941 ; 0165-2176
ISSN (online)	1875-5941
ISSN	0165-2176
DOI	10.1080/01652176.2020.1831708
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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