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Article ; Online: Poison control centers in developing countries and Asia's need for toxicology education.

Makalinao, Irma R / Awang, Rahmat

2005 Volume 207, Issue 2 Suppl, Page(s) 716–721

Abstract: Poison control centers (PCCs) in developing countries have been set up in response to the challenge of decreasing mortality and morbidity from poisoning. The services range from poison information to actual clinical treatment mostly of acute cases. ... ...

Abstract	Poison control centers (PCCs) in developing countries have been set up in response to the challenge of decreasing mortality and morbidity from poisoning. The services range from poison information to actual clinical treatment mostly of acute cases. Lately, PCCs have expanded from their traditional role to one that actively engages in community health studies, toxicovigilance along with treatment of chronic poisoning. Recognizing that types of poisoning and specific needs may vary from country to country, toxicology education that addresses these unique regional issues has become more necessary. Toxicology education, both formal and informal, exists in various stages of development in Asia. Clearly, there are gaps that need to be addressed especially in areas where there are no poison centers or where strengthening is necessary. Collaboration between PCCs in developing countries can help augment available resources including human, analytical and technical expertise. The critical mass of trained toxicologists will fill in the demand for clinical and regulatory specialists and educators as well. This paper highlights the experiences and resources available to the Philippine and Malaysian poison centers and the strengths generated by networking and collaboration. The role of Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT) as the Science NGO representative to the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) forum standing committee in promoting chemical safety at the regional level will be discussed. The "Clearinghouse on the Sound Management of Chemicals", a platform for engaging multi-stakeholder and interdisciplinary partnerships, will be described as a possible model for capacity building to advance chemical safety through education and training not only in developing countries in Asia but globally as well.
MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Developing Countries ; Organizations ; Poison Control Centers ; Toxicology/education
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	204477-8
ISSN	1096-0333 ; 0041-008X
ISSN (online)	1096-0333
ISSN	0041-008X
DOI	10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.033
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Article ; Online: Southeast Asia Strategic Multilateral Dialogue on Biosecurity.

Cicero, Anita / Meyer, Diane / Shearer, Matthew P / AbuBakar, Sazaly / Bernard, Ken / Carus, W Seth / Chong, Chee Kheong / Fischer, Julie / Hynes, Noreen / Inglesby, Tom / Kwa, Chong Guan / Makalinao, Irma / Pangestu, Tikki / Sitompul, Ratna / Soebandrio, Amin / Sudarmono, Pratiwi / Tjen, Daniel / Wibulpolprasert, Suwit / Yunus, Zalini

Emerging infectious diseases

2019 Volume 25, Issue 5

Abstract: A strategic multilateral dialogue related to biosecurity risks in Southeast Asia, established in 2014, now includes participants from Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and the United States. This dialogue is conducted at the ... ...

Abstract	A strategic multilateral dialogue related to biosecurity risks in Southeast Asia, established in 2014, now includes participants from Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and the United States. This dialogue is conducted at the nonministerial level, enabling participants to engage without the constraints of operating in their official capacities. Participants reflect on mechanisms to detect, mitigate, and respond to biosecurity risks and highlight biosecurity issues for national leadership. Participants have also identified factors to improve regional and global biosecurity, including improved engagement and collaboration across relevant ministries and agencies, sustainable funding for biosecurity programs, enhanced information sharing for communicable diseases, and increased engagement in international biosecurity forums.
MeSH term(s)	Asia, Southeastern ; Containment of Biohazards/economics ; Global Health ; International Cooperation ; Security Measures/economics
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2505.181659
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Article: Evaluation of crude adult Ascaris suum intestinal tract homogenate in inducing protective IgG production against A. suum larvae in BALB/c mice

Girasol, Mark John / Grecia, Lordom Reno / Fabi, Jillean Camille / Fernandez, Andro Jibreel / Isabela Fernandez, Jerieka Nicole / Flores, Gabrielle / Flores, Rafael / Fontanilla, Enrique Luis / Fragante, Paolo Joaquin / Genuino, Virgilio Clemente / Go, Stacey Caryl / Gotico, Israel / Gregorio, Mary Eurielle / Griño, Manuel Angelo / Guevarra, Patricia Marie / Guinal, Safrollah / Guldam, Raissa / Infante, Gian Carlo / Jalandoni, John Paul /

Juyad, Ian Gabriel / Valencia, Cynthia / Makalinao, Irma / Tongol-Rivera, Pilarita / Manglicmot-Yabes, Ailyn

Experimental parasitology. 2021 Feb., v. 221

2021

Abstract: Globally, ascariasis ranks as the second leading intestinal helminth infection. However, progress in developing better control strategies, such as vaccines, remains slow-paced. This study aims to measure antibody production and parasite load in male BALB/ ...

Abstract	Globally, ascariasis ranks as the second leading intestinal helminth infection. However, progress in developing better control strategies, such as vaccines, remains slow-paced. This study aims to measure antibody production and parasite load in male BALB/c mice immunized with crude Ascaris suum intestinal tract homogenate.Thirty-two (32) mice were randomized into: (1) unvaccinated, uninfected (UU); (2) unvaccinated, infected (UI); (3) vaccinated, uninfected (VU); and (4) vaccinated, infected (VI) groups. A 100-μL vaccine containing 50 μg of homogenized A. suum intestines and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (1:1) were introduced intraperitoneally. Immunizations were done on days 0, 10, and 20. Oral gavage with 1000 embryonated eggs was done on day 30. Blood was obtained at day 40. To measure serum IgG levels, indirect ELISA was done. Microtiter plates were coated with 100 μg larval homogenate, and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG was used as secondary antibody. Parasite load was measured in lung and liver tissues.Tukey's HSD of signal to cut-off ratios of absorbance readings obtained in indirect ELISA procedure for the 1:200 serum dilution showed statistically significant difference between the UU and VI (p = 0.026) as well as between UI and VI (p = 0.003) groups. No statistically significant difference in parasite load was observed in the lungs (p = 0.074), liver (p = 0.130), and both lungs and liver (p = 0.101).Immunization elicited a significant larva-directed IgG production. However, there is no significant difference in parasite loads in either lung or liver tissues across all treatment groups as the larval counts obtained from the study were very low and may not be indicative of the actual parasite load in mice.
Keywords	Ascaris suum ; absorbance ; adults ; antibodies ; antibody formation ; ascariasis ; blood serum ; intestines ; larvae ; liver ; lungs ; males ; parasite load ; parasites ; parasitology ; vaccine adjuvants ; vaccines
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	391089-1
ISSN	1090-2449 ; 0014-4894
ISSN (online)	1090-2449
ISSN	0014-4894
DOI	10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108049
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Accelerating Action in Global Health Security: Global Biosecurity Dialogue as a Model for Advancing the Global Health Security Agenda.

Health security

2020 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 495–503

Abstract: Biosecurity and biosafety measures are designed to mitigate intentional and accidental biological risks that pose potentially catastrophic consequences to a country's health system, security, and political and economic stability. Unfortunately, ... ...

Abstract	Biosecurity and biosafety measures are designed to mitigate intentional and accidental biological risks that pose potentially catastrophic consequences to a country's health system, security, and political and economic stability. Unfortunately, biosecurity and biosafety are often under-prioritized nationally, regionally, and globally. Security leaders often deemphasize accidental and deliberate biological threats relative to other challenges to peace and security. Given emerging biological risks, including those associated with rapid technological advances and terrorist and state interest in weapons of mass destruction, biosecurity deserves stronger emphasis in health and security fora. The Global Biosecurity Dialogue (GBD) was initiated to align national and regional donor initiatives toward a common set of measurable targets. The GBD was launched by the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), with support from Global Affairs Canada's Weapons Threat Reduction Program and the Open Philanthropy Project, and in coordination with the government of The Netherlands as the 2018-19 Chair of the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) Action Package Prevent-3 (APP3) on Biosafety and Biosecurity. The GBD provides a multisectoral forum for sharing models, enabling new actions to achieve biosecurity-related targets, and promoting biosecurity as an integral component of health security. The GBD has contributed to new national and continent-wide actions, including the African Union and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention's new regional Initiative to Strengthen Biosafety and Biosecurity in Africa. Here we present the GBD as a model for catalyzing action within APP3. We describe how the benefits of this approach could expand to other GHSA Action Packages and international health security initiatives.
MeSH term(s)	Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Capacity Building/methods ; Capacity Building/organization & administration ; Containment of Biohazards/methods ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Global Health ; Health Policy ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Security Measures/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2823049-8
ISSN	2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
ISSN (online)	2326-5108
ISSN	2326-5094
DOI	10.1089/hs.2019.0121
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of crude adult Ascaris suum intestinal tract homogenate in inducing protective IgG production against A. suum larvae in BALB/c mice.

Juyad, Ian Gabriel / Valencia, Cynthia / Makalinao, Irma / Tongol-Rivera, Pilarita / Manglicmot-Yabes, Ailyn

Experimental parasitology

2020 Volume 221, Page(s) 108049

Abstract	Globally, ascariasis ranks as the second leading intestinal helminth infection. However, progress in developing better control strategies, such as vaccines, remains slow-paced. This study aims to measure antibody production and parasite load in male BALB/c mice immunized with crude Ascaris suum intestinal tract homogenate. Thirty-two (32) mice were randomized into: (1) unvaccinated, uninfected (UU); (2) unvaccinated, infected (UI); (3) vaccinated, uninfected (VU); and (4) vaccinated, infected (VI) groups. A 100-μL vaccine containing 50 μg of homogenized A. suum intestines and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (1:1) were introduced intraperitoneally. Immunizations were done on days 0, 10, and 20. Oral gavage with 1000 embryonated eggs was done on day 30. Blood was obtained at day 40. To measure serum IgG levels, indirect ELISA was done. Microtiter plates were coated with 100 μg larval homogenate, and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG was used as secondary antibody. Parasite load was measured in lung and liver tissues. Tukey's HSD of signal to cut-off ratios of absorbance readings obtained in indirect ELISA procedure for the 1:200 serum dilution showed statistically significant difference between the UU and VI (p = 0.026) as well as between UI and VI (p = 0.003) groups. No statistically significant difference in parasite load was observed in the lungs (p = 0.074), liver (p = 0.130), and both lungs and liver (p = 0.101). Immunization elicited a significant larva-directed IgG production. However, there is no significant difference in parasite loads in either lung or liver tissues across all treatment groups as the larval counts obtained from the study were very low and may not be indicative of the actual parasite load in mice.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Helminth/immunology ; Antigens, Helminth/biosynthesis ; Antigens, Helminth/immunology ; Ascaris suum/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Immunization/methods ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Intestines/parasitology ; Larva/immunology ; Liver/parasitology ; Lung/parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Parasite Load ; Random Allocation
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Helminth ; Antigens, Helminth ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391089-1
ISSN	1090-2449 ; 0014-4894
ISSN (online)	1090-2449
ISSN	0014-4894
DOI	10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108049
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Book: Occupational toxicology manual on the management of poisoning in geothermal operations

Castillo, Erle S / Cortes-Maramba, Nelia P / Suplido, Lurenda / Panganiban, Lynn Crisanta R / Makalinao, Irma R / Gapas, Joselito L

1998

Title variant	Management of poisoning in geothermal operations
Institution	Philippines. / Non-Communicable Disease Control Service. National Poison Control and Information Service (Philippines)
Author's details	editors, Erle S. Castillo, Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba, Maria Lurenda Suplido ; contributors, Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban, Irma R. Makalinao, Joselito L. Gapas
MeSH term(s)	Poisoning/prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Safety Management/methods ; Hot Springs ; Power Plants
Language	English
Size	v, 73 p. :, ill. ;, 23 cm.
Publisher	National Poison Control and Information Service, University of the Philippines, College of Medicine ; Non-Communicable Disease Control Service, Dept. of Health
Publishing place	Manila
Document type	Book
ISBN	9789718650066 ; 9718650067
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article: Meeting report: threats to human health and environmental sustainability in the pacific basin.

Arnold, Robert G / Carpenter, David O / Kirk, Donald / Koh, David / Armour, Margaret-Ann / Cebrian, Mariano / Cifuentes, Luis / Khwaja, Mahmood / Ling, Bo / Makalinao, Irma / Paz-Y-Miño, César / Peralta, Genandrialine / Prasad, Rajendra / Singh, Kirpal / Sly, Peter / Tohyama, Chiharu / Woodward, Alistair / Zheng, Baoshan / Maiden, Todd

Environmental health perspectives

2007 Volume 115, Issue 12, Page(s) 1770–1775

Abstract: The coastal zone of the Pacific Rim is home for about one-third of the world's population. Disproportionate growth of Far Eastern economies has produced a disproportionate share of related environmental difficulties. As the region searches for acceptable ...

Abstract	The coastal zone of the Pacific Rim is home for about one-third of the world's population. Disproportionate growth of Far Eastern economies has produced a disproportionate share of related environmental difficulties. As the region searches for acceptable compromises between growth and environmental quality, its influence on global environmental health is certain to increase. Consequences of global environmental change such as habitat alteration, storms, and sea level rise will be particularly acute among Pacific Rim nations. Adverse health effects from arsenic exposure in Pacific Rim nations have been used to justify drinking water standards in the United States and elsewhere. As global manufacturing in the Pacific Rim increases, the centroid of global air quality and waste management issues will shift further toward Far Eastern nations. The Eleventh International Conference of the Pacific Basin Consortium (PBC) was held in September 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The purpose of the conference was to bring together individuals to discuss regional challenges to sustainable growth. The historic emphasis of the conference on hazardous wastes in relation to human health makes the PBC an ideal forum for discussing technical aspects of sustainable economic growth in the Pacific region. That role is reflected in the 2005 PBC conference themes, which included management of arsenic in potable waters, air quality, climate change, pesticides, mercury, and electronics industry waste-each with emphasis on relationships to human health. Arsenic management exemplifies the manner in which the PBC can focus interdisciplinary discussion in a single technical area. The conference program provided talks on arsenic toxicology, treatment technologies, management of arsenic-bearing residuals from water treatment, and the probable societal costs and benefits of arsenic management.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arsenic/analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Health ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Neoplasms/mortality ; Pacific Ocean ; Vertebrates/metabolism ; Water Supply
Chemical Substances	Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Congress
ZDB-ID	195189-0
ISSN	1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
ISSN (online)	1552-9924
ISSN	0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
DOI	10.1289/ehp.9620
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Article: Environmental threats to children's health in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.

Suk, William A / Ruchirawat, Kuhnying Mathuros / Balakrishnan, Kalpana / Berger, Martha / Carpenter, David / Damstra, Terri / de Garbino, Jenny Pronczuk / Koh, David / Landrigan, Philip J / Makalinao, Irma / Sly, Peter D / Xu, Y / Zheng, B S

Environmental health perspectives

2003 Volume 111, Issue 10, Page(s) 1340–1347

Abstract: The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions contain half of the world's children and are among the most rapidly industrializing regions of the globe. Environmental threats to children's health are widespread and are multiplying as nations in the area ... ...

Abstract	The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions contain half of the world's children and are among the most rapidly industrializing regions of the globe. Environmental threats to children's health are widespread and are multiplying as nations in the area undergo industrial development and pass through the epidemiologic transition. These environmental hazards range from traditional threats such as bacterial contamination of drinking water and wood smoke in poorly ventilated dwellings to more recently introduced chemical threats such as asbestos construction materials; arsenic in groundwater; methyl isocyanate in Bhopal, India; untreated manufacturing wastes released to landfills; chlorinated hydrocarbon and organophosphorous pesticides; and atmospheric lead emissions from the combustion of leaded gasoline. To address these problems, pediatricians, environmental health scientists, and public health workers throughout Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific have begun to build local and national research and prevention programs in children's environmental health. Successes have been achieved as a result of these efforts: A cost-effective system for producing safe drinking water at the village level has been devised in India; many nations have launched aggressive antismoking campaigns; and Thailand, the Philippines, India, and Pakistan have all begun to reduce their use of lead in gasoline, with resultant declines in children's blood lead levels. The International Conference on Environmental Threats to the Health of Children, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in March 2002, brought together more than 300 representatives from 35 countries and organizations to increase awareness on environmental health hazards affecting children in these regions and throughout the world. The conference, a direct result of the Environmental Threats to the Health of Children meeting held in Manila in April 2000, provided participants with the latest scientific data on children's vulnerability to environmental hazards and models for future policy and public health discussions on ways to improve children's health. The Bangkok Statement, a pledge resulting from the conference proceedings, is an important first step in creating a global alliance committed to developing active and innovative national and international networks to promote and protect children's environmental health.
MeSH term(s)	Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Cost of Illness ; Demography ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Health/trends ; Geography ; Guidelines as Topic ; Health Promotion ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Industry ; Pacific Islands/epidemiology ; Urbanization
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	195189-0
ISSN	1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
ISSN (online)	1552-9924
ISSN	0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
DOI	10.1289/ehp.6059
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