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  1. Article ; Online: How Helping You Helps Me: A Longitudinal Analysis of Volunteering and Pathways to Quality of Life Among Older Adults in Singapore.

    Ang, Shannon / Malhotra, Rahul

    The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

    2024  Volume 79, Issue 5

    Abstract: Objectives: Volunteering is known to be associated with well-being among older adults. However, less is known about the psychosocial pathways (e.g., personal mastery, social support) through which this occurs, with past studies tending to rely on cross- ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Volunteering is known to be associated with well-being among older adults. However, less is known about the psychosocial pathways (e.g., personal mastery, social support) through which this occurs, with past studies tending to rely on cross-sectional data, which are susceptible to selection biases. This study, using longitudinal data, investigates how formal and informal volunteering may affect older adults' quality of life through personal mastery, perceived social support, and received social support.
    Methods: Data are from 2 waves of a nationally representative study of older adults aged 60 years and older in Singapore, conducted between 2016 and 2019 (N = 2,887). We estimate indirect effects using a 2-wave mediation model, relying on bootstrapped confidence intervals for significance testing.
    Results: We find indirect effects from volunteering to quality of life through perceived social support and personal mastery, but not through received social support. While any type (formal/informal) and frequency (regular/nonregular) of volunteering promotes quality of life through perceived social support, indirect effects through personal mastery are limited to regular volunteering in formal settings.
    Discussion: Results provide longitudinal evidence for perceived social support as a key pathway from volunteering to quality of life. Volunteering may be an effective way to improve quality of life by helping older adults feel more supported, even if it may not affect the actual help that they receive. Further, a structured and sustainable environment may be required for volunteering to promote personal mastery (and through it, quality of life) among older volunteers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Quality of Life ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Singapore ; Volunteers/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223664-0
    ISSN 1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
    ISSN (online) 1758-5368
    ISSN 1079-5014
    DOI 10.1093/geronb/gbae013
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  2. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "The filial piety paradox: Receiving social support from children can be negatively associated with quality of life" [Soc. Sci. Med. (2022) 303 114996].

    Ang, Shannon / Malhotra, Rahul

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2023  Volume 323, Page(s) 115835

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115835
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  3. Article ; Online: Informal Caregiver Social Network Types and Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience.

    Sung, Pildoo / Lim-Soh, Jeremy / Malhotra, Rahul

    Journal of aging & social policy

    2024  , Page(s) 1–16

    Abstract: Little is known about whether and why social networks protect mental health among informal caregivers. This study examined the association between informal caregiver social network types and depressive symptoms and the mediatory mechanism of ... ...

    Abstract Little is known about whether and why social networks protect mental health among informal caregivers. This study examined the association between informal caregiver social network types and depressive symptoms and the mediatory mechanism of psychological resilience. Latent class analysis, applied to cross-sectional data on 278 Singaporean caregivers, identified four social network types: restricted (42%), friend (16%), family (21%), and diverse (21%). Path analysis showed that the diverse social network type, compared to the restricted social network type, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms, and psychological resilience fully mediated this association. Interventions should help caregivers to maintain social networks with their family and friends.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1046396-3
    ISSN 1545-0821 ; 0895-9420
    ISSN (online) 1545-0821
    ISSN 0895-9420
    DOI 10.1080/08959420.2024.2319535
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  4. Article ; Online: The filial piety paradox: Receiving social support from children can be negatively associated with quality of life.

    Ang, Shannon / Malhotra, Rahul

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2022  Volume 303, Page(s) 114996

    Abstract: Rationale: Despite strong norms of filial obligation in Asian countries, little is known about whether child-provided support promotes older adults' well-being.: Objective: This study sought to examine whether and how the source (e.g., child/non- ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Despite strong norms of filial obligation in Asian countries, little is known about whether child-provided support promotes older adults' well-being.
    Objective: This study sought to examine whether and how the source (e.g., child/non-child providers) and the form (e.g., financial, instrumental) of received social support are associated with older adults' quality of life.
    Methods: Data are from two waves of a longitudinal survey of older adults in Singapore (N = 2887). Two-wave mediation analyses were conducted to determine associations of the source and form of received social support with quality of life, and the extent to which personal mastery mediated these associations.
    Results: We find that, although receiving financial assistance from more children promotes older men's quality of life, older women's quality of life is eroded when receiving housework help from more children. These relationships are partially mediated through increase (for men) or decline (for women) in personal mastery.
    Conclusions: The findings suggest that both the form and source of help provided to older adults matter. Receiving social support from children may not always benefit older adults - more attention is needed on how best to support older adults while giving them sufficient control to maintain a high quality of life.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Asia ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Social Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114996
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  5. Article ; Online: Reciprocal Relationship Between Lifelong Learning and Volunteering Among Older Adults.

    Sung, Pildoo / Chia, Arthur / Chan, Angelique / Malhotra, Rahul

    The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 902–912

    Abstract: Objectives: Lifelong learning and volunteering contribute to not only health and well-being, but also social inclusion and cohesion among older adults. However, less is known about whether lifelong learning and volunteering promote each other. This ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Lifelong learning and volunteering contribute to not only health and well-being, but also social inclusion and cohesion among older adults. However, less is known about whether lifelong learning and volunteering promote each other. This study examined the reciprocal relationship between older adults' lifelong learning and volunteering and whether the relationship varied by the purpose of lifelong learning.
    Methods: Cross-lagged panel models were applied to data on 2,608 older adults, aged 60 years and older, from 2 waves of a national longitudinal study from Singapore.
    Results: We found a bidirectional relationship between lifelong learning and volunteering. However, when job-related and nonjob-related lifelong learning were considered separately, only nonjob-related lifelong learning predicted volunteering. On the other hand, volunteering predicted both job-related and nonjob-related lifelong learning.
    Discussion: Lifelong learning leads to volunteering, and vice versa, creating a virtuous circle of productive social engagement in later life. Programs or initiatives engaging older adults in either productive activity should promote and provide opportunities for participation in the other activity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Social Participation ; Volunteers ; Singapore
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223664-0
    ISSN 1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
    ISSN (online) 1758-5368
    ISSN 1079-5014
    DOI 10.1093/geronb/gbad003
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  6. Article ; Online: Three distinct symptom profiles among older adults with severe dementia: A latent class analysis.

    Malhotra, Chetna / Chaudhry, Isha / Shafiq, Mahham / Malhotra, Rahul

    Palliative & supportive care

    2023  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Objectives: Older adults with severe dementia experience multiple symptoms at the end of life. This study aimed to delineate distinct symptom profiles of older adults with severe dementia and to assess their association with older adults' and caregiver ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Older adults with severe dementia experience multiple symptoms at the end of life. This study aimed to delineate distinct symptom profiles of older adults with severe dementia and to assess their association with older adults' and caregiver characteristics and 1-year mortality among older adults.
    Methods: We used baseline data from a cohort of 215 primary informal caregivers of older adults with severe dementia in Singapore. We identified 10 indicators representing physical, emotional, and functional symptoms, and responsive behaviors, and conducted latent class analysis. We assessed the association between delineated older adults' symptom profiles and their use of potentially burdensome health-care interventions in the past 4 months; older adults' 1-year mortality; and caregiver outcomes.
    Results: We delineated 3 profiles of older adults - primarily responsive behaviors (Class 1; 33%); physical and emotional symptoms with responsive behaviors (Class 2; 20%); and high functional deficits with loss of speech and eye contact (Class 3; 47%). Classes 2 and 3 older adults were more likely to have received a potentially burdensome intervention for symptoms in the past 4 months and have a greater hazard for 1-year mortality. Compared to Class 1, caregivers of Class 2 older adults were more likely to experience adverse caregiver outcomes, that is, higher distress, impact on schedule and health, anticipatory grief, and coping and lower satisfaction with care received (
    Significance of results: The 3 delineated profiles of older adults can be used to plan or optimize care plans to effectively manage symptoms of older adults and improve their caregivers' outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2454009-2
    ISSN 1478-9523 ; 1478-9515
    ISSN (online) 1478-9523
    ISSN 1478-9515
    DOI 10.1017/S1478951523000068
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  7. Article ; Online: Engagement in Physical Activity and Quality of Life Among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults.

    A'Azman, Shamirah / Sung, Pildoo / Malhotra, Rahul

    Journal of aging and health

    2023  , Page(s) 8982643231209086

    Abstract: Objectives: This study examined (1) the association of caregiver engagement in physical activity (PA) with their quality of life (QoL) and (2) the moderating effect of caregiver engagement in PA on the relationship between several caregiving stressors ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study examined (1) the association of caregiver engagement in physical activity (PA) with their quality of life (QoL) and (2) the moderating effect of caregiver engagement in PA on the relationship between several caregiving stressors and their QoL, among informal caregivers of older adults.
    Methods: Multivariable regression was applied to data from 278 adult caregivers, aged 23-90 years, in Singapore.
    Results: Engagement in PA by caregivers was positively associated with psychological, social relationships, and environment domains of their QoL. Caregiver engagement in PA also mitigated the negative association between care-recipient mood impairment and QoL of caregivers in the physical health and social relationships domains.
    Discussion: QoL of caregivers may be improved or protected by their regular engagement in PA, especially when their care-recipients have mood impairment. Policymakers and practitioners should encourage caregivers to engage in PA and provide them with the necessary support to do so.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1045392-1
    ISSN 1552-6887 ; 0898-2643
    ISSN (online) 1552-6887
    ISSN 0898-2643
    DOI 10.1177/08982643231209086
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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of a COVID-19-Related Lockdown on the Experience of Informal Caregiving in Singapore.

    Qin, Vicky Mengqi / Visaria, Abhijit / Malhotra, Rahul

    Gerontology

    2023  Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 102–114

    Abstract: Introduction: Lockdowns, while limiting COVID-19 transmission, can affect provision of care by informal caregivers and their caregiving experience. We assessed, among informal caregivers in Singapore, (a) the perceived impact of a 2-month (April to May ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Lockdowns, while limiting COVID-19 transmission, can affect provision of care by informal caregivers and their caregiving experience. We assessed, among informal caregivers in Singapore, (a) the perceived impact of a 2-month (April to May 2020) nationwide lockdown on their care provision, (b) correlates of different perceptions of the impact of the lockdown on care provision, and (c) association of different perceptions of the impact with negative and positive experiences of caregiving.
    Methods: In the August 2020 wave of the Singapore Life Panel (SLP; nationally representative, longitudinal monthly survey of Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 50-70 years at baseline), 1,094 participants identified as informal caregivers reported whether their care provision became easier, remained the same, or became harder during the lockdown, compared to before the lockdown. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association of caregiver, care recipient, and caregiving context characteristics with their perceptions. Linear regression models examined the association of their perceptions with negative and positive experience domains of the modified Caregiver Reaction Assessment.
    Results: Just over one-third (36.1%) of the informal caregivers reported that their care provision became harder during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown. However, nearly one-fifth (18.0%) said that it became easier, and the rest (45.9%) said that it remained the same. Care provision was more likely to be perceived as having become harder among caregivers who were male, of Chinese ethnicity, in worse health, whose care recipients had functional limitations, who did not have caregiving support from cohabiting family members before the lockdown, and who had caregiving support from non-cohabiting family members before the lockdown. The perception that care provision became easier was less likely among caregivers who were of higher age, were unemployed, were socially isolated, and whose care recipients had functional limitations. Caregivers who perceived that care provision became harder during the lockdown were worse-off in negative experiences of caregiving.
    Conclusion: A nationwide lockdown did not make care provision harder for all informal caregivers. However, informal caregivers for whom it did were more likely to have greater negative experiences of caregiving. The heterogeneity of the impact of lockdowns and the possibility of offering flexibility to non-cohabiting family members who support caregiving should be important considerations when planning for such disruptions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Singapore/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Family ; Longitudinal Studies ; Caregivers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193798-4
    ISSN 1423-0003 ; 0304-324X
    ISSN (online) 1423-0003
    ISSN 0304-324X
    DOI 10.1159/000534723
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  9. Article ; Online: Volunteering, religiosity, and quality of life in later life: evidence from Singapore.

    Jung, Jong Hyun / Ang, Shannon / Malhotra, Rahul

    Aging & mental health

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 10, Page(s) 2078–2087

    Abstract: Objectives: We examine the association of the frequency of formal and informal volunteering with quality of life (QoL) among older adults in Singapore. We also assess if private (private prayer) or public (religious service attendance) aspects of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: We examine the association of the frequency of formal and informal volunteering with quality of life (QoL) among older adults in Singapore. We also assess if private (private prayer) or public (religious service attendance) aspects of personal religiosity moderate this association. In examining the moderating role of religiosity, we adjudicate between two competing theoretical views-the value-congruence and resource-compensation perspectives.
    Methods: Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated using cross-sectional data from a national survey of older Singaporeans, aged 60 and above, in 2016.
    Results: The frequency of both informal and formal volunteering was associated with better QoL. While private prayer did not moderate this association, religious attendance did-the positive association was stronger among those attending religious services less frequently.
    Conclusion: Volunteering is beneficial for well-being in later life, especially so for older adults with less religious service attendance. These observations dovetail with the resource-compensation perspective, underscoring that the benefits of volunteering are amplified for older adults who are less integrated into their religious congregations. Hence, targeting those with lower levels of religious attendance might be useful in maximizing the benefits experienced by older volunteers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Quality of Life ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Singapore ; Religion ; Volunteers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1474804-6
    ISSN 1364-6915 ; 1360-7863
    ISSN (online) 1364-6915
    ISSN 1360-7863
    DOI 10.1080/13607863.2023.2169247
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  10. Article ; Online: Trajectories of negative and positive experiences of caregiving for older adults with severe dementia: application of group-based multi-trajectory modelling.

    Malhotra, Chetna / Chaudhry, Isha / Shah, Shimoni Urvish / Østbye, Truls / Malhotra, Rahul

    BMC geriatrics

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 172

    Abstract: Background: Family caregivers of older adults with severe dementia have negative and positive experiences over the course of caregiving. We aimed to delineate joint trajectories (patterns over time) for negative and positive experiences, identify risk ... ...

    Abstract Background: Family caregivers of older adults with severe dementia have negative and positive experiences over the course of caregiving. We aimed to delineate joint trajectories (patterns over time) for negative and positive experiences, identify risk factors associated with membership of joint trajectories, and ascertain the association between joint trajectories and caregivers' outcomes after the death of the older adult.
    Methods: Two hundred fifteen family caregivers of older adults with severe dementia in Singapore were surveyed every 4 months for 2 years, and 6 months after the death of the older adult. Using group-based multi trajectory modelling, we delineated joint trajectories for positive (Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument) and negative (sub-scales of modified Caregiver Reaction Assessment) experiences of caregiving.
    Results: We identified four joint trajectories - "very high positive, low negative" (23% of caregivers), "high positive, moderate negative" (28%), "very high positive, moderate negative" (28%), and "high positive, high negative" (21%). Caregivers of older adults with more behavioural symptoms, and who did not receive strong emotional support from family were more likely to have "high positive, moderate negative" or "very high positive, moderate negative" trajectory. Compared to caregivers with "very high positive, low negative" trajectory, caregivers with "very high positive, moderate negative" or "high positive, high negative" trajectories expressed greater grief and distress, with the latter also having lower spiritual well-being and quality of life at 6 months after the death of the older adult.
    Conclusion: The caregiving experiences for older adults with severe dementia vary between caregivers but remain stable over time. Modifiable risk factors identified for trajectories involving negative experiences of caregiving may be targeted in future interventions to improve the experience of caregiving and caregiver quality of life and distress after the death of the older adult.
    Trial registration: http://www.
    Clinicaltrials: gov (NCT03382223).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Quality of Life ; Dementia/psychology ; Caregivers/psychology ; Grief ; Counseling
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059865-8
    ISSN 1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
    ISSN (online) 1471-2318
    ISSN 1471-2318
    DOI 10.1186/s12877-024-04777-w
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