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Article: The global crisis of multidrug resistance: how to face healthcare associated infections without effective antibiotics?

Mammina, Caterina

2013 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 99–101

Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-25
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2652849-6
ISSN	2008-4447 ; 2008-3289
ISSN (online)	2008-4447
ISSN	2008-3289
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Article ; Online: Influenza like Illness among Medical Residents Anticipates Influenza Diffusion in General Population: Data from a National Survey among Italian Medical Residents.

Restivo, Vincenzo / Costantino, Claudio / Mammina, Caterina / Vitale, Francesco

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) e0168546

Abstract: The aim of this multicentre study was to assess incidence of influenza like illness (ILI) among Italian medical residents (MRs) during 2011-2012 influenza season, to detect variables associated with ILI and to compare estimated ILI incidence among MRs ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this multicentre study was to assess incidence of influenza like illness (ILI) among Italian medical residents (MRs) during 2011-2012 influenza season, to detect variables associated with ILI and to compare estimated ILI incidence among MRs and general population. A cross-sectional survey was carried out throughout an anonymous questionnaire administered to all MRs attending the post-graduate medical schools of 18 Italian Universities. At the same time an analysis of the ILI incidence in the Italian general population was conducted through the Italian Influenza Surveillance Network. Of a total of 2,506 MRs, 1,191 (47.5%) reported at least one ILI episode. A higher proportion of ILIs was reported by MRs of Central (25.0% with ILI vs 20.2% without ILI) and Southern Italy (40.2% with ILI vs. 36.4 without ILI) compared to Northern Italy (34.8% with ILI vs. 43.4% without ILI) (p<0.001). Italian MRs had a higher cumulative incidence of ILIs (546.7 episodes per 1,000 vs. 75.9 episodes per 1,000) and an earlier peak (January 2012 vs. February 2012), compared to general population due to higher number of contacts in hospital setting. MRs reported a high rate of ILI infection probably in association with their working activities. These data suggest the need to offer an earlier influenza vaccination to HCWs than general population with the aim to both prevent ILI and its transmission to patients.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease/epidemiology ; Iatrogenic Disease/prevention & control ; Incidence ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Internship and Residency ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0168546
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Article: Respiratory Tularemia:

Ranjbar, Reza / Behzadi, Payam / Mammina, Caterina

The open microbiology journal

2016 Volume 10, Page(s) 176–182

Abstract: Background: Francisella tularensis: Objective: The main goal of this original article was to design suitable long oligo microarray probes for detection and identification of : Method: For performing this research, the complete genomes of : ... ...

Abstract	Background: Francisella tularensis Objective: The main goal of this original article was to design suitable long oligo microarray probes for detection and identification of Method: For performing this research, the complete genomes of Results: In this Conclusion: Calibrated microarray probes reduce the biasis of DNA microarray technology as an advanced, rapid, accurate and cost-effective molecular diagnostic tool with high specificity and sensitivity. Professional microarray probe designing provides us with much more facility and flexibility regarding preparation of a microarray diagnostic chip.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-30
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2395971-X
ISSN	1874-2858
ISSN	1874-2858
DOI	10.2174/1874285801610010176
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Article ; Online: NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii ST85 now in Turkey, including one isolate from a Syrian refugee.

Heydari, Farzad / Mammina, Caterina / Koksal, Fatih

Journal of medical microbiology

2015 Volume 64, Issue 9, Page(s) 1027–1029

Abstract: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), an acquired class B carbapenemase, is a significant clinical threat owing to the extended hydrolysis of β-lactams including carbapenems. Here, to the best of our knowledge we describe for the first time in Turkey ... ...

Abstract	New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), an acquired class B carbapenemase, is a significant clinical threat owing to the extended hydrolysis of β-lactams including carbapenems. Here, to the best of our knowledge we describe for the first time in Turkey two NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered from intensive care unit patients. The presence of blaNDM-1 was detected by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. The clonal relationship was assessed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. Both isolates were positive for blaNDM-1 and were attributed with the sequence type 85. One isolate was from a Syrian refugee, whereas the second was from a patient who had never travelled outside Turkey. Our findings confirmed that the rapid spread of NDM-1-producing Gram-negative organisms could become a major challenge for the treatment and control of healthcare-associated infections in our geographical area. They suggest also that NDM-1-producing strains and/or their genetic determinants are probably being imported from Syria to neighbouring countries.
MeSH term(s)	Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects ; Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Refugees ; Syria/epidemiology ; Turkey/epidemiology ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; beta-lactamase NDM-1 (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218356-0
ISSN	1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
ISSN	0022-2615
DOI	10.1099/jmm.0.000132
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Article ; Online: MRSA infection in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Giuffrè, Mario / Bonura, Celestino / Cipolla, Domenico / Mammina, Caterina

Expert review of anti-infective therapy

2013 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) 499–509

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known as one of the most frequent etiological agents of healthcare-associated infections. The epidemiology of MRSA is evolving with emergence of community-associated MRSA, the clonal spread of ... ...

Abstract	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known as one of the most frequent etiological agents of healthcare-associated infections. The epidemiology of MRSA is evolving with emergence of community-associated MRSA, the clonal spread of some successful clones, their spillover into healthcare settings and acquisition of antibacterial drug resistances. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients are at an especially high risk of acquiring colonization and infection by MRSA. Epidemiology of MRSA in NICU can be very complex because outbreaks can overlap endemic circulation and make it difficult to trace transmission routes. Moreover, increasing prevalence of community-associated MRSA can jeopardize epidemiological investigation, screening and effectiveness of control policies. Surveillance, prevention and control strategies and clinical management have been widely studied and are still the subject of scientific debate. More data are needed to determine the most cost-effective approach to MRSA control in NICU in light of the local epidemiology.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Australia/epidemiology ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity ; Prevalence ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2181279-2
ISSN	1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
ISSN (online)	1744-8336
ISSN	1478-7210
DOI	10.1586/eri.13.28
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Article ; Online: Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase, AmpC-Producing, and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Retail Broiler Chicken Meat, Italy.

Ghodousi, Arash / Bonura, Celestino / Di Noto, Anna Maria / Mammina, Caterina

Foodborne pathogens and disease

2015 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 619–625

Abstract: Background: Globally, antimicrobial drug-resistant Escherichia coli is among the most common etiological agents of invasive disease in humans. In Europe, increasing proportions of infections due to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Globally, antimicrobial drug-resistant Escherichia coli is among the most common etiological agents of invasive disease in humans. In Europe, increasing proportions of infections due to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains are reported. E. coli from poultry are those more closely linked to human E. coli, but lack of reliable data makes it difficult to assess the attributable risk of different food sources. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile, phylogenetic background, and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from broiler chicken meat sold at retail in Palermo, Italy. Materials and methods: Isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was performed during April-December 2013 on a total of 163 chicken meat samples. Susceptibility to a panel of nine antimicrobial agents was determined. PCR assays were carried out to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, phylogenetic group, and ExPEC-associated traits. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR was done to detect E. coli sequence type (ST)131. Results: One hundred thirty-four isolates from 109 meat samples were MDR. B1 was the most prevalent phylogenetic group (47.8%), followed by groups D (25.4%), A (22.3%), and B2 (4.5%). ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases were detected by PCR in 132 (98.5%) and 15 (11.2%) isolates. PMQR determinants were detected in 122 (91%) isolates. Twenty-two MDR isolates met the molecular definition of ExPEC. SNP-PCR results confirmed that four B2 isolates were ST131. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequence-PCR analysis showed a large heterogeneity with 55 unique profiles and 31 clusters including 2-4 isolates. Conclusions: An alarmingly high prevalence of MDR E. coli from broiler chicken meat is evident in our geographic area. The ongoing use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock should be urgently restricted, particularly in the poultry sector.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cephalosporins/pharmacology ; Chickens/microbiology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Food Microbiology ; Genotyping Techniques ; Italy ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Poultry/microbiology ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Cephalosporins ; Virulence Factors ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; AmpC beta-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2148479-X
ISSN	1556-7125 ; 1535-3141
ISSN (online)	1556-7125
ISSN	1535-3141
DOI	10.1089/fpd.2015.1936
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Article: Extended-Spectrum Ã-Lactamase, AmpC-Producing, and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Retail Broiler Chicken Meat, Italy

Ghodousi, Arash / Bonura Celestino / Di Noto Anna Maria / Mammina Caterina

Foodborne pathogens & disease. 2015 July, v. 12, no. 7

2015

Abstract: Background: Globally, antimicrobial drugâresistant Escherichia coli is among the most common etiological agents of invasive disease in humans. In Europe, increasing proportions of infections due to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone- ...

Abstract	Background: Globally, antimicrobial drugâresistant Escherichia coli is among the most common etiological agents of invasive disease in humans. In Europe, increasing proportions of infections due to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains are reported. E. coli from poultry are those more closely linked to human E. coli, but lack of reliable data makes it difficult to assess the attributable risk of different food sources. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile, phylogenetic background, and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from broiler chicken meat sold at retail in Palermo, Italy.Materials and Methods: Isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was performed during AprilâDecember 2013 on a total of 163 chicken meat samples. Susceptibility to a panel of nine antimicrobial agents was determined. PCR assays were carried out to detect extended-spectrum Î²-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC Î²-lactamase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, phylogenetic group, and ExPEC-associated traits. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR was done to detect E. coli sequence type (ST)131.Results: One hundred thirty-four isolates from 109 meat samples were MDR. B1 was the most prevalent phylogenetic group (47.8%), followed by groups D (25.4%), A (22.3%), and B2 (4.5%). ESBLs and AmpC Î²-lactamases were detected by PCR in 132 (98.5%) and 15 (11.2%) isolates. PMQR determinants were detected in 122 (91%) isolates. Twenty-two MDR isolates met the molecular definition of ExPEC. SNP-PCR results confirmed that four B2 isolates were ST131. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequenceâPCR analysis showed a large heterogeneity with 55 unique profiles and 31 clusters including 2â4 isolates.Conclusions: An alarmingly high prevalence of MDR E. coli from broiler chicken meat is evident in our geographic area. The ongoing use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock should be urgently restricted, particularly in the poultry sector.
Keywords	antibiotic resistance ; beta-lactamase ; broiler chickens ; cephalosporins ; chicken meat ; drugs ; Escherichia coli ; etiological agents ; genes ; humans ; multiple drug resistance ; phylogeny ; polymerase chain reaction ; quinolones ; risk ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; virulence ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-07
Size	p. 619-625.
Publishing place	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2148479-X
ISSN	1556-7125 ; 1535-3141
ISSN (online)	1556-7125
ISSN	1535-3141
DOI	10.1089/fpd.2015.1936
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Extended-Spectrum Ã-Lactamase, AmpC-Producing, and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Retail Broiler Chicken Meat, Italy

Ghodousi, Arash / Bonura Celestino / Di Noto Anna Maria / Mammina Caterina

Foodborne pathogens & disease. 2015 July 01, v. 12, no. 7

2015

Abstract	Background: Globally, antimicrobial drugâresistant Escherichia coli is among the most common etiological agents of invasive disease in humans. In Europe, increasing proportions of infections due to third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains are reported. E. coli from poultry are those more closely linked to human E. coli, but lack of reliable data makes it difficult to assess the attributable risk of different food sources. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile, phylogenetic background, and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from broiler chicken meat sold at retail in Palermo, Italy.Materials and Methods: Isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was performed during AprilâDecember 2013 on a total of 163 chicken meat samples. Susceptibility to a panel of nine antimicrobial agents was determined. PCR assays were carried out to detect extended-spectrum Î²-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC Î²-lactamase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, phylogenetic group, and ExPEC-associated traits. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR was done to detect E. coli sequence type (ST)131.Results: One hundred thirty-four isolates from 109 meat samples were MDR. B1 was the most prevalent phylogenetic group (47.8%), followed by groups D (25.4%), A (22.3%), and B2 (4.5%). ESBLs and AmpC Î²-lactamases were detected by PCR in 132 (98.5%) and 15 (11.2%) isolates. PMQR determinants were detected in 122 (91%) isolates. Twenty-two MDR isolates met the molecular definition of ExPEC. SNP-PCR results confirmed that four B2 isolates were ST131. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequenceâPCR analysis showed a large heterogeneity with 55 unique profiles and 31 clusters including 2â4 isolates.Conclusions: An alarmingly high prevalence of MDR E. coli from broiler chicken meat is evident in our geographic area. The ongoing use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock should be urgently restricted, particularly in the poultry sector.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; antibiotic resistance ; beta-lactamase ; broiler chickens ; cephalosporins ; chicken meat ; drugs ; etiological agents ; genes ; humans ; multiple drug resistance ; phylogeny ; polymerase chain reaction ; quinolones ; risk ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; virulence ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0701
Size	p. 619-625.
Publishing place	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2148479-X
ISSN	1556-7125 ; 1535-3141
ISSN (online)	1556-7125
ISSN	1535-3141
DOI	10.1089%2Ffpd.2015.1936
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A survey on knowledge and self-reported formula handling practices of parents and child care workers in Palermo, Italy

Mammina Caterina / Guida Ivana / Valenti Rosalia / Calamusa Giuseppe

BMC Pediatrics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

2009 Volume 75

Abstract: Abstract Background Powdered infant formula (PIF) is not a sterile product, but this information appears to be poorly diffused among child caregivers. Parents and child care workers may behave in an unsafe manner when handling PIF. Methods This study ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Powdered infant formula (PIF) is not a sterile product, but this information appears to be poorly diffused among child caregivers. Parents and child care workers may behave in an unsafe manner when handling PIF. Methods This study involved parents and child care workers in the 24 municipal child care centres of Palermo. Knowledge and self-reported practices about PIF handling were investigated by a structured questionnaire. A Likert scale was used to measure the strength of the respondent's feelings. Association of knowledge and self-reported practices with demographic variables was also evaluated. Results 42.4% of parents and 71.0% of child care workers filled in the questionnaire. Significant differences were found between parents and child care workers for age and education. 73.2% of parents and 84.4% of child care workers were confident in sterility of PIF. Generally, adherence to safe procedures when reconstituting and handling PIF was more frequently reported by child care workers who, according to the existing legislation, are regularly subjected to a periodic training on food safety principles and practices. Age and education significantly influenced the answers to the questionnaire of both parents and child care workers. Conclusion The results of the study reveal that parents and child care workers are generally unaware that powdered formulas may contain viable microorganisms. However, child care workers consistently chose safer options than parents when answering the questions about adherence to hygienic practices. At present it seems unfeasible to produce sterile PIF, but the risk of growth of hazardous organisms in formula at the time of administration should be minimized by promoting safer behaviours among caregivers to infants in both institutional settings and home.
Keywords	Pediatrics ; RJ1-570 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Pediatrics ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	360 ; 331
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and mecA sequencing in methicillin-resistant staphylococci from Algeria: a highly diversified element with new mutations in mecA.

Djoudi, Ferhat / Bonura, Celestino / Touati, Abdelaziz / Aléo, Aurora / Benallaoua, Said / Mammina, Caterina

Journal of medical microbiology

2016 Volume 65, Issue 11, Page(s) 1267–1273

Abstract: Genetic mechanisms of methicillin resistance are still relevant in staphylococci. The aims of this study are to assess the possible exchanges of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) among isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) ... ...

Abstract	Genetic mechanisms of methicillin resistance are still relevant in staphylococci. The aims of this study are to assess the possible exchanges of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) among isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and to check for known or new mutations in mecA DNA. A total of 35 MRS non-repetitive isolates were recovered, including 20 Staphylococcushaemolyticus, 7 Staphylococcusaureus, 4 Staphylococcussciuri, 2 Staphylococcussaprophyticus and 1 isolate each of Staphylococcusxylosus and Staphylococcuslentus. Only 16 of the 35 strains were assigned to known SCCmec types: 7 SCCmec VII, 6 SCCmec IV and 3 SCCmec III, with possible horizontal transfer of the SCCmec VII from methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. mecA gene sequencing in ten selected isolates allowed description of nine punctual mutations, seven of which were reported for the first time. The most frequent mutation was G246E, identified in isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, S. sciuri, S. saprophyticus and S. lentus. These results emphasized the high degree of genetic diversity of SCCmec element in MRS and describe new missense mutations in mecA, which might be important in understanding the evolution of methicillin and new β-lactam resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Algeria ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/classification ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus/classification ; Staphylococcus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus/genetics ; Staphylococcus/isolation & purification ; beta-Lactams
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; beta-Lactams ; mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218356-0
ISSN	1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
ISSN	0022-2615
DOI	10.1099/jmm.0.000361
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