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  1. Article ; Online: Direct oral anticoagulants and their antagonists in perioperative practice.

    Levy, Jerrold H / Mamoun, Negmeldeen

    Current opinion in anaesthesiology

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 394–398

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Review management strategies for patients receiving nonvitamin K direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs).: Recent findings: Updated clinical trials and guidelines continue to further define optimal management for patients on ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Review management strategies for patients receiving nonvitamin K direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
    Recent findings: Updated clinical trials and guidelines continue to further define optimal management for patients on DOACs requiring emergency surgery or procedural interventions. In addition, specific bleeding management strategies that include either specific or nonspecific antagonists are becoming available.
    Summary: Most currently used DOACs are factor Xa inhibitors and should be stopped for 24-48 h for elective surgical procedures in patients at risk for bleeding and potentially longer for dabigatran, depending on renal function. Idarucizumab, a specific dabigatran reversal agent, has been studied in surgical patients and is currently approved for use. For Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban, although andexanet alfa is approved for medical bleeds, it is not approved for surgical patients, has a short duration of effect, and costs $12 500 per gram. When managing DOAC-treated patients requiring emergency surgery, when stopping the DOAC and delaying surgery is not feasible, standard approaches should include hemostatic, hemodynamic, and transfusional support. Due to higher risk associated with therapeutic agents used to manage DOAC-related bleeding, increasing data supports the potential off-label use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dabigatran/adverse effects ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Rivaroxaban/adverse effects ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Administration, Oral
    Chemical Substances Dabigatran (I0VM4M70GC) ; Anticoagulants ; Rivaroxaban (9NDF7JZ4M3) ; Factor Xa Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645203-6
    ISSN 1473-6500 ; 0952-7907
    ISSN (online) 1473-6500
    ISSN 0952-7907
    DOI 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Albumin vs Crystalloid Fluid for Resuscitation in Cardiac Surgery: New Evidence and Arguments in the Timeless Debate.

    Podgoreanu, Mihai V / Mamoun, Negmeldeen

    JAMA

    2022  Volume 328, Issue 3, Page(s) 246–248

    MeSH term(s) Albumins/therapeutic use ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Colloids ; Crystalloid Solutions/therapeutic use ; Fluid Therapy/methods ; Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use ; Resuscitation/methods
    Chemical Substances Albumins ; Colloids ; Crystalloid Solutions ; Isotonic Solutions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2022.10113
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Intravenous acetaminophen: Can the benefit outweigh the cost in selected patients?

    Mamoun, Negmeldeen F

    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2016  Volume 153, Issue 1, Page(s) 149–150

    MeSH term(s) Acetaminophen ; Administration, Intravenous ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3104-5
    ISSN 1097-685X ; 0022-5223
    ISSN (online) 1097-685X
    ISSN 0022-5223
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pain trajectories after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation surgery performed via a clamshell incision.

    Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Rosser, Morgan A / Manning, Michael / Raghunathan, Karthik / McCartney, Sharon / Mehta, Sachin / Ingle, Krista / Bottiger, Brandi

    Clinical transplantation

    2024  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e15262

    Abstract: Introduction: The nature, intensity, and progression of acute pain after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) performed via a clamshell incision has not been well investigated. We aimed to describe acute pain after clamshell incisions using ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The nature, intensity, and progression of acute pain after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) performed via a clamshell incision has not been well investigated. We aimed to describe acute pain after clamshell incisions using pain trajectories for the study cohort, in addition to stratifying patients into separate pain trajectory groups and investigating their association with donor and recipient perioperative variables.
    Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we retrospectively included all patients ≥18 years old who underwent primary BOLT via clamshell incision at a single center between January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2022. We modeled the overall pain trajectory using pain scores collected over the first seven postoperative days and identified separate pain trajectory classes via latent class analysis.
    Results: Three hundred one adult patients were included in the final analysis. Three separate pain trajectory groups were identified, with most patients (72.8%) belonging to a well-controlled, stable pain trajectory. Uncontrolled pain was either observed in the early postoperative period (10%), or in the late postoperative period (17.3%). Late postoperative peaking trajectory patients were younger (p = .008), and sicker with a higher lung allocation score (p = .005), receiving preoperative mechanical ventilation (p < .001), or VV-ECMO support (p < .001).
    Conclusion: Despite the extensive nature of a clamshell incision, most pain trajectories in BOLT patients had a well-controlled stable pain profile. The benign nature of pain profiles in our patient population may be attributed to the routine institutional practice of early thoracic epidural analgesia for BOLT patients unless contraindicated.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Acute Pain ; Thoracotomy ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Pain Management ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639001-8
    ISSN 1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
    ISSN (online) 1399-0012
    ISSN 0902-0063
    DOI 10.1111/ctr.15262
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  5. Article ; Online: Commentary: Patient blood management in the era of coronavirus disease 2019-is anything really different?

    Levy, Jerrold H / Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Shaz, Beth

    JTCVS open

    2021  Volume 5, Page(s) 97–98

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2666-2736
    ISSN (online) 2666-2736
    DOI 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.01.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Higher Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity Predicts Increased Pain Outcomes After Cardiothoracic Surgery.

    Suarez-Roca, Heberto / Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Watkins, Lana L / Bortsov, Andrey V / Mathew, Joseph P

    The journal of pain

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 187–201

    Abstract: Excessive postoperative pain can lead to extended hospitalization and increased expenses, but factors that predict its severity are still unclear. Baroreceptor function could influence postoperative pain by modulating nociceptive processing and vagal- ... ...

    Abstract Excessive postoperative pain can lead to extended hospitalization and increased expenses, but factors that predict its severity are still unclear. Baroreceptor function could influence postoperative pain by modulating nociceptive processing and vagal-mediated anti-inflammatory reflexes. To investigate this relationship, we conducted a study with 55 patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery to evaluate whether cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) can predict postoperative pain. We assessed the spontaneous cardiovagal BRS under resting pain-free conditions before surgery. We estimated postoperative pain outcomes with the Pain, Enjoyment, and General Activity scale and pressure pain thresholds on the first (POD1) and second (POD2) postoperative days and persistent pain 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge. We also measured circulating levels of relevant inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, albumin, cytokines) at baseline, POD1, and POD2 to assess the contribution of inflammation to the relationship between BRS and postoperative pain. Our mixed-effects model analysis showed a significant main effect of preoperative BRS on postoperative pain (P = .013). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between preoperative BRS and postoperative pain on POD2, even after adjusting for demographic, surgical, analgesic treatment, and psychological factors. Moreover, preoperative BRS was linked to pain interfering with general activity and enjoyment but not with other pain parameters (pain intensity and pressure pain thresholds). Preoperative BRS had modest associations with postoperative C-reactive protein and IL-10 levels, but they did not mediate its relationship with postoperative pain. These findings indicate that preoperative BRS can independently predict postoperative pain, which could serve as a modifiable criterion for optimizing postoperative pain management. PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that preoperative BRS predicts postoperative pain outcomes independently of the inflammatory response and pain sensitivity to noxious pressure stimulation. These results provide valuable insights into the role of baroreceptors in pain and suggest a helpful tool for improving postoperative pain management.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Baroreflex/physiology ; C-Reactive Protein/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Pain Threshold ; Pain, Postoperative ; Heart Rate/physiology
    Chemical Substances C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2018789-0
    ISSN 1528-8447 ; 1526-5900
    ISSN (online) 1528-8447
    ISSN 1526-5900
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.002
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  7. Article ; Online: Baroreceptor Modulation of the Cardiovascular System, Pain, Consciousness, and Cognition.

    Suarez-Roca, Heberto / Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Sigurdson, Martin I / Maixner, William

    Comprehensive Physiology

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 1373–1423

    Abstract: Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by coordinating the responses to external and internal environmental stressors. While it is well known that carotid and cardiopulmonary ... ...

    Abstract Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by coordinating the responses to external and internal environmental stressors. While it is well known that carotid and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors modulate sympathetic vasomotor and parasympathetic cardiac neural autonomic drive, to avoid excessive fluctuations in vascular tone and maintain intravascular volume, there is increasing recognition that baroreceptors also modulate a wide range of non-cardiovascular physiological responses via projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. These projections regulate pain perception, sleep, consciousness, and cognition. In this article, we summarize the physiology of baroreceptor pathways and responses to baroreceptor activation with an emphasis on the mechanisms influencing cardiovascular function, pain perception, consciousness, and cognition. Understanding baroreceptor-mediated effects on cardiac and extra-cardiac autonomic activities will further our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple common clinical conditions, such as chronic pain, disorders of consciousness (e.g., abnormalities in sleep-wake), and cognitive impairment, which may result in the identification and implementation of novel treatment modalities. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1373-1423, 2021.
    MeSH term(s) Consciousness ; Heart ; Humans ; Pain/etiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Pressoreceptors ; Sympathetic Nervous System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2040-4603
    ISSN (online) 2040-4603
    DOI 10.1002/cphy.c190038
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  8. Article ; Online: Health care resource utilization and clinical outcomes for adult heart transplant recipients with primary graft dysfunction.

    McCartney, Sharon L / Peskoe, Sarah / Wright, Mary Cooter / Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Schroder, Jacob N / DeVore, Adam D / Nicoara, Alina

    Clinical transplantation

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 10, Page(s) e15048

    Abstract: Introduction: The advent of new technologies to reduce primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and improve outcomes after heart transplantation are costly. Adoption of these technologies requires a better understanding of health care utilization, specifically ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The advent of new technologies to reduce primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and improve outcomes after heart transplantation are costly. Adoption of these technologies requires a better understanding of health care utilization, specifically the costs related to PGD.
    Methods: Records were examined from all adult patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) between July 1, 2013 and July 30, 2019 at a single institution. Total costs were categorized into variable, fixed, direct, and indirect costs. Patient costs from time of transplantation to hospital discharge were transformed with the z-score transformation and modeled in a linear regression model, adjusted for potential confounders and in-hospital mortality. The quintile of patient costs was modeled using a proportional odds model, adjusted for confounders and in-hospital mortality.
    Results: 359 patients were analyzed, including 142 with PGD and 217 without PGD. PGD was associated with a .42 increase in z-score of total patient costs (95% CI: .22-.62; p < .0001). Additionally, any grade of PGD was associated with a 2.95 increase in odds for a higher cost of transplant (95% CI: 1.94-4.46, p < .0001). These differences were substantially greater when PGD was categorized as severe. Similar results were obtained for fixed, variable, direct, and indirect costs.
    Conclusions: PGD after OHT impacts morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization. We found that PGD after OHT results in a significant increase in total patient costs. This increase was substantially higher if the PGD was severe.
    Summary: Primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation impacts morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization. PGD after OHT is costly and investments should be made to reduce the burden of PGD after OHT to improve patient outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-26
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639001-8
    ISSN 1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
    ISSN (online) 1399-0012
    ISSN 0902-0063
    DOI 10.1111/ctr.15048
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  9. Article ; Online: Reduce intraoperative albumin utilisation in cardiac surgical patients: a quality improvement initiative.

    Savadjian, André J / Taicher, Brad M / La, Jong Ok / Podgoreanu, Mihai / Miller, Timothy E / McCartney, Sharon / Raghunathan, Karthik / Shah, Nirav / Mamoun, Negmeldeen

    BMJ open quality

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: Albumin continues to be used routinely by cardiac anaesthesiologists perioperatively despite lack of evidence for improved outcomes. The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) data ranked our institution as one of the highest ... ...

    Abstract Background: Albumin continues to be used routinely by cardiac anaesthesiologists perioperatively despite lack of evidence for improved outcomes. The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) data ranked our institution as one of the highest intraoperative albumin users during cardiac surgery. Therefore, we designed a quality improvement project (QIP) to introduce a bundle of interventions to reduce intraoperative albumin use in cardiac surgical patients.
    Methods: Our institutional MPOG data were used to analyse the FLUID-01-C measure that provides the number of adult cardiac surgery cases where albumin was administered intraoperatively by anaesthesiologists from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2022. The QIP involved introduction of the following interventions: (1) education about appropriate albumin use and indications (January 2021), (2) email communications reinforced with OR teaching (March 2021), (3) removal of albumin from the standard pharmacy intraoperative medication trays (April 2021), (4) grand rounds presentation discussing the QIP and highlighting the interventions (May 2021) and (5) quarterly provider feedback (starting July 2021). Multivariable segmented regression models were used to assess the changes from preintervention to postintervention time period in albumin utilisation, and its total monthly cost.
    Results: Among the 5767 cardiac surgery cases that met inclusion criteria over the 3-year study period, 16% of patients received albumin intraoperatively. The total number of cases that passed the metric (albumin administration was avoided), gradually increased as our interventions went into effect. Intraoperative albumin utilisation (beta=-101.1, 95% CI -145 to -56.7) and total monthly cost of albumin (beta=-7678, 95% CI -10712 to -4640) demonstrated significant decrease after starting the interventions.
    Conclusions: At a single academic cardiac surgery programme, implementation of a bundle of simple and low-cost interventions as part of a coordinated QIP were effective in significantly decreasing intraoperative use of albumin, which translated into considerable costs savings.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data ; Quality Improvement ; Albumins/therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Intraoperative Care/methods ; Intraoperative Care/statistics & numerical data ; Intraoperative Care/standards ; Middle Aged ; Aged
    Chemical Substances Albumins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-6641
    ISSN (online) 2399-6641
    DOI 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002726
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  10. Article ; Online: Pain Trajectories After Valve Surgeries Performed via Midline Sternotomy Versus Mini-Thoracotomy.

    Mamoun, Negmeldeen / Wright, Mary Cooter / Bottiger, Brandi / Plichta, Ryan / Klinger, Rebecca / Manning, Michael / Raghunathan, Karthik / Gulur, Padma

    Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 9, Page(s) 3596–3602

    Abstract: Objectives: Controlling moderate-to-severe pain remains a major challenge after cardiothoracic surgery. Several outcomes have been compared extensively after valve surgery performed via midline sternotomy versus mini-thoracotomy, but postoperative pain ( ...

    Abstract Objectives: Controlling moderate-to-severe pain remains a major challenge after cardiothoracic surgery. Several outcomes have been compared extensively after valve surgery performed via midline sternotomy versus mini-thoracotomy, but postoperative pain (POP) was not adequately examined. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that there is no difference in POP trajectories in patients undergoing valve surgery via midline sternotomy versus mini-thoracotomy.
    Design: An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study.
    Setting: At a single, large academic medical center.
    Participants: Adult patients who underwent mitral or aortic valve surgeries over a 5-year period.
    Interventions: The authors compared the characteristics of pain between valve surgery patients receiving either midline sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy. To identify pain score trajectories, the authors employed latent class linear mixed models and then used multinomial regression models to study the association between incision type and pain trajectory class.
    Measurements and main results: The authors' cohort consisted of 1,660 surgical patients-544 (33%) received a midline sternotomy, and 1,116 (66%) received a mini-thoracotomy. The authors identified the following 4 pain trajectory classes: stationary, rapidly improving, slowly improving, and acute worsening pain. Compared to the rapidly improving class, the odds of belonging to the stationary (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI] 1.45 [1.01- 2.08]; p = 0.04) or the acute worsening class (aOR [95% CI] 1.71 [1.10-2.67] p = 0.02) were significantly higher for sternotomy patients compared to mini-thoracotomy.
    Conclusions: Midline sternotomies are associated with higher odds of having an acute worsening or stationary versus a rapidly improving pain trajectory compared to mini-thoracotomies. Therefore, the choice of incision may play an important role in determining POP trajectory after valve surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Pain ; Retrospective Studies ; Sternotomy/adverse effects ; Thoracotomy/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1067317-9
    ISSN 1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
    ISSN (online) 1532-8422
    ISSN 1053-0770
    DOI 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.05.007
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