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  1. Article ; Online: Hepatoepigenetic Alterations in Viral and Nonviral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

    Mankgopo M. Kgatle / Mashiko Setshedi / Henry N. Hairwadzi

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2016  Volume 2016

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Extensive evidence endorses that HCC is a multifactorial disease characterised by hepatic cirrhosis mostly associated with ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Extensive evidence endorses that HCC is a multifactorial disease characterised by hepatic cirrhosis mostly associated with chronic inflammation and hepatitis B/C viral infections. Interaction of viral products with the host cell machinery may lead to increased frequency of genetic and epigenetic aberrations that cause harmful alterations in gene transcription. This may provide a progressive selective advantage for neoplastic transformation of hepatocytes associated with phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumour HCC cells, thus posing even more challenges in HCC treatment development. Epigenetic aberrations involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding miRNA dysregulation have been shown to be intimately linked with and play a critical role in tumour initiation, progression, and metastases. The current review focuses on the aberrant hepatoepigenetics events that play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and their utilities in the development of HCC therapy.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Pattern of Prostate Cancer Recurrence Assessed by 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Men Treated with Primary Local Therapy

    Ismaheel O. Lawal / Thabo Lengana / Gbenga O. Popoola / Akintunde T. Orunmuyi / Mankgopo M. Kgatle / Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala / Mike M. Sathekge

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 3883, p

    2021  Volume 3883

    Abstract: Imaging plays a vital role in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) to guide the choice of salvage therapy. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) is useful for ... ...

    Abstract Imaging plays a vital role in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) to guide the choice of salvage therapy. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) is useful for detecting PCa recurrence. We assessed the pattern of PCa recurrence stratified by serum prostate-specific antigen level and type of primary local treatment in men with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary local therapy with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) using 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. We reviewed patients imaged with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the localization of the site of PCa recurrence. We determined the site and number of lesions due to PCa recurrence at different PSA levels. A total of 247 men (mean age of 65.72 ± 7.51 years and median PSA of 2.70 ng/mL (IQR = 0.78–5.80)) were included. 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT detected the site of recurrence in 81.4% of patients with a median number of lesions per patient of 1 (range = 1–5). 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT positivity was 43.6%, 75.7%, 83.3%, 90.0%, and 95.8% at PSA levels of <0.5, 0.5–1.0., 1.1–2.0, 2.1–5.0, and 5.0–10.0, respectively. The most common site of recurrence was in the prostate gland/bed at all PSA levels. Pelvic, extra-pelvic, and combined pelvic and extra-pelvic sites of recurrence were seen in 118, 50, and 33 patients, respectively. The risk of extra-pelvic recurrence increases with rising PSA levels. 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has a high lesion detection rate for biochemical recurrence of PCa in patients previously treated with primary local therapy.
    Keywords prostate cancer ; radical prostatectomy ; radiotherapy ; biochemical recurrence ; PSMA ; PET/CT ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 333 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer

    Mankgopo M. Kgatle / Tebatso M. G. Boshomane / Ismaheel O. Lawal / Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala / Neo P. Mokgoro / Nico Lourens / Kalevo Kairemo / Jan Rijn Zeevaart / Mariza Vorster / Mike M. Sathekge

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4109, p

    Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach

    2021  Volume 4109

    Abstract: Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate ... ...

    Abstract Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment initially offers an improved clinical outcome and overall survival (OS), however, after a while the treatment becomes resistant leading to aggressive and uncontrolled disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Concurrent combination of the ICIs with radionuclides therapy that has rapidly emerged as safe and effective targeted approach for treating PCa patients may shift the paradigm of PCa treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the contextual contribution of old and new emerging inhibitory ICs in PCa, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the use of these ICs in treating PCa patients. Furthermore, we will also describe the potential of using a combinatory approach of ICIs and radionuclides therapy in treating PCa patients to enhance efficacy, durable cancer control and OS. The inhibitory ICs considered in this review are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7-H4.
    Keywords immune checkpoints ; immune checkpoints inhibitors ; immunotherapy ; metastatic hormone resistance prostate cancer ; metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer ; prostate cancer ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Radionuclide Imaging of Invasive Fungal Disease in Immunocompromised Hosts

    Ismaheel O. Lawal / Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala / Mankgopo M. Kgatle / Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx / Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans / Mike M. Sathekge / Alfred O. Ankrah

    Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 2057, p

    2021  Volume 2057

    Abstract: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) leads to increased mortality, morbidity, and costs of treatment in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. The definitive diagnosis of IFD relies on the isolation of the causative fungal agents through microscopy, ... ...

    Abstract Invasive fungal disease (IFD) leads to increased mortality, morbidity, and costs of treatment in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. The definitive diagnosis of IFD relies on the isolation of the causative fungal agents through microscopy, culture, or nucleic acid testing in tissue samples obtained from the sites of the disease. Biopsy is not always feasible or safe to be undertaken in immunocompromised hosts at risk of IFD. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques are, therefore, needed for the diagnosis and treatment response assessment of IFD. The available techniques that identify fungal-specific antigens in biological samples for diagnosing IFD have variable sensitivity and specificity. They also have limited utility in response assessment. Imaging has, therefore, been applied for the noninvasive detection of IFD. Morphologic imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most applied technique. These techniques are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific for the early diagnosis of IFD. Morphologic changes evaluated by CT and MRI occur later in the disease course and during recovery after successful treatment. These modalities may, therefore, not be ideal for early diagnosis and early response to therapy determination. Radionuclide imaging allows for targeting the host response to pathogenic fungi or specific structures of the pathogen itself. This makes radionuclide imaging techniques suitable for the early diagnosis and treatment response assessment of IFD. In this review, we aimed to discuss the interplay of host immunity, immunosuppression, and the occurrence of IFD. We also discuss the currently available radionuclide probes that have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for their ability to detect IFD.
    Keywords radionuclide imaging ; invasive fungal disease ; immunosuppression ; HIV ; [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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