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Article ; Online: Young Adulthood Relationships in an Era of Uncertainty: A Case for Cohabitation.

Manning, Wendy D

2020 Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 799–819

Abstract: The young adulthood years are demographically dense. Dr. Ronald Rindfuss made this claim when he was Population Association of America (PAA) president in 1991 (Rindfuss 1991), and this conclusion holds today. I offer both an update of his work by ... ...

Abstract	The young adulthood years are demographically dense. Dr. Ronald Rindfuss made this claim when he was Population Association of America (PAA) president in 1991 (Rindfuss 1991), and this conclusion holds today. I offer both an update of his work by including Millennials and a new view on young adulthood by focusing on an increasingly common experience: cohabitation. I believe we need to move away from our marriage-centric lens of young adulthood and embrace the complexity that cohabitation offers. The cohabitation boom is continuing with no evidence of a slowdown. Young adults are experiencing complex relationship biographies, and social science research is struggling to keep pace. Increasingly, there is a decoupling of cohabitation and marriage, suggesting new ways of framing our understanding of relationships in young adulthood. As a field, we can do better to ensure that our theories, methods, and data collections better reflect the new relationship reality faced by young adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Birth Rate/trends ; Demography/trends ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Marriage/trends ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	280612-5
ISSN	1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
ISSN	0070-3370
DOI	10.1007/s13524-020-00881-9
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Article ; Online: Responses to Sexual and Gender Identity Measures in Population-Level Data by Birth Cohort: A Research Note.

Julian, Christopher A / Manning, Wendy D / Westrick-Payne, Krista K

Demography

2024 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–30

Abstract: The measurement of sexual and gender identity in the United States has been evolving to generate more precise demographic estimates of the population and a better understanding of health and well-being. Younger cohorts of sexual- and gender-diverse ... ...

Abstract	The measurement of sexual and gender identity in the United States has been evolving to generate more precise demographic estimates of the population and a better understanding of health and well-being. Younger cohorts of sexual- and gender-diverse adults are endorsing identities outside of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) labels. Current population-level surveys often include a category such as "something else" without providing further details, and doing so inadequately captures these diverse identities. In this research note, our analysis of the most recent federal data source to incorporate sexual and gender identity measures-the Household Pulse Survey-reveals that younger birth cohorts are more likely to select "something else" for their sexual identity and "none of these" for their gender identity. The observed sexual and gender identity response patterns across birth cohorts underscore the importance of developing and applying new strategies to directly measure sexual- and gender-diverse adults who identify with identities outside of those explicitly captured on surveys. The integration of sexual and gender identity measures in population-level surveys carries broader implications for civil rights and for addressing health inequities and therefore must be responsive to cohort differences in identification.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; United States ; Gender Identity ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Transgender Persons ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280612-5
ISSN	1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
ISSN	0070-3370
DOI	10.1215/00703370-11164985
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Article ; Online: Measuring Marriage and Cohabitation: Assessing Same-Sex Relationship Status in the Current Population Survey.

Manning, Wendy D / Payne, Krista K

Demography

2021 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 811–820

Abstract: Since June 26, 2015, marriages to same-sex couples have been legally recognized across every state in the United States, bringing new challenges to measuring relationship status in surveys. Starting in 2015 for select households and in 2017 for all ... ...

Abstract	Since June 26, 2015, marriages to same-sex couples have been legally recognized across every state in the United States, bringing new challenges to measuring relationship status in surveys. Starting in 2015 for select households and in 2017 for all households, the Current Population Survey (CPS) used a new household roster that directly identified same-sex and different-sex cohabiting and married couples. We gauge how the estimates and characteristics of same-sex couples vary according to old and new roster categories using the 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 CPS. Employing the new roster, we distinguish the sociodemographic characteristics of married and cohabiting same-sex couples. These findings have implications for the measurement of same-sex couples and our understanding of marriage among sexual minorities.
MeSH term(s)	Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Marriage ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	280612-5
ISSN	1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
ISSN	0070-3370
DOI	10.1215/00703370-9162213
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Article: Marriage and Divorce Decline during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Five States.

Manning, Wendy D / Payne, Krista K

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: The decline in marriage and divorce was evident prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but it remains unknown whether these patterns have persisted during the pandemic. The authors compared monthly marriage and divorce counts for two years prior ...

Abstract	The decline in marriage and divorce was evident prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but it remains unknown whether these patterns have persisted during the pandemic. The authors compared monthly marriage and divorce counts for two years prior to the pandemic (2018 and 2019) and during the pandemic for the five states that published monthly vital statistics data for 2020 (Arizona, Florida, Missouri, New Hampshire, and Oregon). All five states witnessed initial declines in marriage. Counts of marriages in Arizona and New Hampshire rebounded. In contrast, marriage shortfalls occurred in Florida, Missouri, and Oregon. In the early pandemic months, divorces initially declined in all five states and rebounded in Arizona. In the remaining four states, divorce shortfalls have occurred. As more data become available, it will be important to acknowledge these state variations in response to the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844637-9
ISSN	2378-0231 ; 2378-0231
ISSN (online)	2378-0231
ISSN	2378-0231
DOI	10.1177/23780231211006976
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Article ; Online: Coping Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Sexual and Gender Identity.

Houghtaling, Laura M / Manning, Wendy D / Kamp Dush, Claire M

Journal of homosexuality

2023 , Page(s) 1–21

Abstract: National polls have shown that COVID-19 has been highly stressful, negatively affecting well-being and life satisfaction overall, but few studies have focused on individuals with sexual and gender diverse identities. Pandemic-related stress may increase ... ...

Abstract	National polls have shown that COVID-19 has been highly stressful, negatively affecting well-being and life satisfaction overall, but few studies have focused on individuals with sexual and gender diverse identities. Pandemic-related stress may increase engagement in adverse or negative health-related coping behaviors and decrease engagement in positive coping strategies, potentially exacerbating existing LGBTQ+ health disparities. Relying on a nationally representative population-based sample, we examine disparities in rates of negative and positive COVID-19 coping behaviors by sexual and gender identities. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for key sociodemographic and pandemic related factors, we found higher rates of negative and positive coping behaviors among certain sexual and gender diverse groups compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Specifically, we find that lesbian and gay respondents reported more positive and negative coping strategies compared to heterosexual persons. We also found higher rates of negative coping behaviors among plurisexual (bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual) and noncisgender adults (transgender or other nonbinary gender identity) compared to heterosexual and cisgender adults, respectively. We contribute to prior studies by focusing on both negative and positive pandemic related coping among sexually and gender diverse populations. These responses to the pandemic may have long-term implications for the health and well-being of sexual and gender diverse individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193138-6
ISSN	1540-3602 ; 0091-8369
ISSN (online)	1540-3602
ISSN	0091-8369
DOI	10.1080/00918369.2023.2260920
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Article ; Online: Emotional support among partnered sexual minority and heterosexual individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gustafson, Kristen E / Manning, Wendy D / Kamp Dush, Claire M

Social science research

2023 Volume 114, Page(s) 102910

Abstract: Emotional support, particularly support from family and friends, is essential to health outcomes especially for marginalized communities. Although emotional support is recognized as a critical resource, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, to date no ...

Abstract	Emotional support, particularly support from family and friends, is essential to health outcomes especially for marginalized communities. Although emotional support is recognized as a critical resource, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, to date no research has examined access to support during the pandemic for sexual diverse populations. This study aims to apply minority stress theory by drawing on a new population-based data source of 3,642 respondents, the National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT), which oversampled sexual and gender diverse populations during the pandemic. We focus on two sources of emotional support: family members and friends. Exclusively heterosexual respondents relied more on emotional support from family than respondents who identified as exclusively gay/lesbian, bisexual including pan, omni, and queer, and those reporting another sexual identity or multiple sexual identities. However, respondents who did not identify as heterosexual relied more on emotional support from friends compared to exclusively heterosexual respondents. There were no significant differences among respondents with sexual minority identities in regard to family or friend support. Other factors, such as outness to friends and family, identity centrality, aggressions, and relationship satisfaction are found to be associated support from friends and family. The findings presented here add to a growing body of work on social support while adding sexual minority-specific factors that may affect receipt of, need for, and outcomes relating to support. This work contributes to understanding of the social climate and resources available to sexual diverse populations during a major public health crisis.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Heterosexuality ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1096-0317
ISSN (online)	1096-0317
DOI	10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102910
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Article ; Online: Income Pooling in Midlife: A Comparison of Remarried and Cohabiting Relationships.

Wright, Matthew R / Schwartz, Tatum A / Brown, Susan L / Manning, Wendy D

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

2023 Volume 78, Issue 8, Page(s) 1402–1411

Abstract: Objectives: The share of adults cohabiting at later ages has risen in the past few decades, though little is known about income pooling among midlife cohabitors. Cohabitation could be an attractive option because partners may be able to preserve their ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The share of adults cohabiting at later ages has risen in the past few decades, though little is known about income pooling among midlife cohabitors. Cohabitation could be an attractive option because partners may be able to preserve their economic autonomy and maintain assets for the next generation. Conversely, cohabitation may operate as an alternative to marriage, allowing midlife adults to combine their resources to achieve economies of scale without the legal obligations of marriage. This study compared income pooling among middle-aged remarried and cohabiting adults in the United States. Methods: Data were from the nationally representative 2013 Families and Relationships Survey. The analytic sample included adults aged 50-65 who were cohabiting or remarried (N = 888). Logistic regression models were used to predict the likelihood of income pooling among cohabiting and remarried midlife adults, net of relationship, demographic, and economic characteristics. Results: Aligning with the hypothesis that cohabitation and remarriage are distinct in middle age, the odds of income pooling were lower for cohabitors than remarrieds. However, the gap between cohabitors and remarrieds narrowed by later ages. Discussion: This study provides insight into the economic organization of midlife cohabiting relationships, which may have implications for individual well-being and relationship decision-making among middle-aged couples.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Middle Aged ; Marriage ; Family Characteristics ; Income ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Logistic Models
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1223664-0
ISSN	1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
ISSN (online)	1758-5368
ISSN	1079-5014
DOI	10.1093/geronb/gbad051
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Article: COVID-19 Stress and Sexual Identities.

Manning, Wendy D / Kamp Dush, Claire M

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted lives and resulted in high levels of stress. Although the evidence at the societal level is clear, there have been no population-based studies of pandemic-based stress focusing on individuals who ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted lives and resulted in high levels of stress. Although the evidence at the societal level is clear, there have been no population-based studies of pandemic-based stress focusing on individuals who identify as sexual minorities. Drawing on representative data collected during the pandemic, National Couples' Health and Time Study, the authors find that partnered (cohabiting or married) individuals who identified as sexual minorities experienced higher levels of stress than individuals who identified as heterosexual. However, variation exists observed among sexual minority adults. Although economic resources, discrimination, social and community support, and health conditions are tied to reported stress levels, they do not explain differentials according to sexual identity. These results provide evidence that sexual minority adults faced greater stress during the pandemic and the importance of recognizing that sexual minorities are not a monolithic group with varying stress responses to the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844637-9
ISSN	2378-0231 ; 2378-0231
ISSN (online)	2378-0231
ISSN	2378-0231
DOI	10.1177/23780231221105376
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Article: Pandemic Shortfall in Marriages and Divorces in the United States.

Westrick-Payne, Krista K / Manning, Wendy D / Carlson, Lisa

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, marriage and divorce had been in decline across the United States. As more data are released, evidence mounts that this pattern has persisted, and in some states been magnified, during the pandemic. The ... ...

Abstract	Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, marriage and divorce had been in decline across the United States. As more data are released, evidence mounts that this pattern has persisted, and in some states been magnified, during the pandemic. The authors compared the change in yearly marriage and divorce counts prior to the beginning of the pandemic (change from 2018 to 2019) to estimate an expected number of marriages and divorces for 2020. By computing a P score on the basis of expected and observed marriages and divorces in 2020, the authors determined whether individual states experienced shortfalls or surpluses of marital events. Of the 20 states with available data on marriages, 18 experienced shortfalls (exceptions included Missouri and North Dakota), for an overall sample shortfall of nearly 11 percent. Regarding divorces, 31 of the 35 states with available data also experienced shortfalls (exceptions included Hawaii, Wyoming, Arizona, and Washington), for an overall sample shortfall of 12 percent.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844637-9
ISSN	2378-0231 ; 2378-0231
ISSN (online)	2378-0231
ISSN	2378-0231
DOI	10.1177/23780231221090192
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Article: Cohabitation and Child Wellbeing.

Manning, Wendy D

The Future of children

2016 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 51–66

Abstract: In recent decades, writes Wendy Manning, cohabitation has become a central part of the family landscape in the United States-so much so that by age 12, 40 percent of American children will have spent at least part of their lives in a cohabiting household. ...

Abstract	In recent decades, writes Wendy Manning, cohabitation has become a central part of the family landscape in the United States-so much so that by age 12, 40 percent of American children will have spent at least part of their lives in a cohabiting household. Although many children are born to cohabiting parents, and cohabiting families come in other forms as well, the most common cohabiting arrangement is a biological mother and a male partner. Cohabitation, Manning notes, is associated with several factors that have the potential to reduce children's wellbeing. Cohabiting families are more likely than married families to be poor, and poverty harms children in many ways. Cohabiting parents also tend to have less formal education-a key indicator of both economic and social resources-than married parents do. And cohabiting parent families don't have the same legal protections that married parent families have. Most importantly, cohabitation is often a marker of family instability, and family instability is strongly associated with poorer outcomes for children. Children born to cohabiting parents see their parents break up more often than do children born to married parents. In this way, being born into a cohabiting family sets the stage for later instability, and children who are born to cohabiting parents appear to experience enduring deficits of psychosocial wellbeing. On the other hand, stable cohabiting families with two biological parents seem to offer many of the same health, cognitive, and behavioral benefits that stable married biological parent families provide. Turning to stepfamilies, cohabitation's effects are tied to a child's age. Among young children, living in a cohabiting stepfamily rather than a married stepfamily is associated with more negative indicators of child wellbeing, but this is not so among adolescents. Thus the link between parental cohabitation and child wellbeing depends on both the type of cohabiting parent family and the age of the child.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Partners
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1323866-8
ISSN	1550-1558 ; 1054-8289
ISSN (online)	1550-1558
ISSN	1054-8289
DOI	10.1353/foc.2015.0012
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