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  1. Article ; Online: Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS)

    Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Sudha Sundar / Yasemin Hirst / Hannah R Brewer / James Flanagan / Eric Johnson

    BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

    feasibility outcomes for an observational case–control study focusing on the patient interval in ovarian cancer

    2023  Volume 6

    Abstract: Objectives Ovarian cancer symptoms are often non-specific and can be normalised before patients seek medical help. The Cancer Loyalty Card Study investigated self-management behaviours of patients with ovarian cancer prior to their diagnosis using ... ...

    Abstract Objectives Ovarian cancer symptoms are often non-specific and can be normalised before patients seek medical help. The Cancer Loyalty Card Study investigated self-management behaviours of patients with ovarian cancer prior to their diagnosis using loyalty card data collected by two UK-based high street retailers. Here, we discuss the feasibility outcomes for this novel research.Design Observational case–control study.Setting Control participants were invited to the study using social media and other sources from the general public. Once consented, control participants were required to submit proof of identification (ID) for their loyalty card data to be shared. Cases were identified using unique National Health Service (NHS) numbers (a proxy for ID) and were recruited through 12 NHS tertiary care clinics.Participants Women in the UK, 18 years or older, with at least one of the participating high street retailers’ loyalty cards. Those with an ovarian cancer diagnosis within 2 years of recruitment were considered cases, and those without an ovarian cancer diagnosis were considered controls.Primary outcome measures Recruitment rates, demographics of participants and identification of any barriers to recruitment.Results In total, 182 cases and 427 controls were recruited with significant differences by age, number of people in participants’ households and the geographical region in the UK. However, only 37% (n=160/427) of control participants provided sufficient ID details and 81% (n=130/160) matched retailers’ records. The majority of the participants provided complete responses to the 24-Item Ovarian Risk Questionnaire.Conclusions Our findings show that recruitment to a study aiming to understand self-care behaviours using loyalty card data is challenging but feasible. The general public were willing to share their data for health research. Barriers in data sharing mechanisms need to be addressed to maximise participant retention.Trial registration number ISRCTN14897082, CPMS 43323, NCT03994653.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Biological age estimation using circulating blood biomarkers

    Jordan Bortz / Andrea Guariglia / Lucija Klaric / David Tang / Peter Ward / Michael Geer / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Dragana Vuckovic / Peter K. Joshi

    Communications Biology, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Biological age captures physiological deterioration better than chronological age and is amenable to interventions. Blood-based biomarkers have been identified as suitable candidates for biological age estimation. This study aims to improve ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Biological age captures physiological deterioration better than chronological age and is amenable to interventions. Blood-based biomarkers have been identified as suitable candidates for biological age estimation. This study aims to improve biological age estimation using machine learning models and a feature-set of 60 circulating biomarkers available from the UK Biobank (n = 306,116). We implement an Elastic-Net derived Cox model with 25 selected biomarkers to predict mortality risk (C-Index = 0.778; 95% CI [0.767–0.788]), which outperforms the well-known blood-biomarker based PhenoAge model (C-Index = 0.750; 95% CI [0.739–0.761]), providing a C-Index lift of 0.028 representing an 11% relative increase in predictive value. Importantly, we then show that using common clinical assay panels, with few biomarkers, alongside imputation and the model derived on the full set of biomarkers, does not substantially degrade predictive accuracy from the theoretical maximum achievable for the available biomarkers. Biological age is estimated as the equivalent age within the same-sex population which corresponds to an individual’s mortality risk. Values ranged between 20-years younger and 20-years older than individuals’ chronological age, exposing the magnitude of ageing signals contained in blood markers. Thus, we demonstrate a practical and cost-efficient method of estimating an improved measure of Biological Age, available to the general population.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Proteomic signatures of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma from serum and sputumResearch in context

    Khezia Asamoah / Kian Fan Chung / Nazanin Zounemat Kermani / Barbara Bodinier / Sven-Erik Dahlen / Ratko Djukanovic / Pankaj K. Bhavsar / Ian M. Adcock / Dragana Vuckovic / Marc Chadeau-Hyam

    EBioMedicine, Vol 99, Iss , Pp 104936- (2024)

    1481  

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma defined by high levels of blood and sputum eosinophils and neutrophils exemplifies the inflammatory heterogeneity of asthma, particularly severe asthma. We analysed the serum and sputum proteome ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma defined by high levels of blood and sputum eosinophils and neutrophils exemplifies the inflammatory heterogeneity of asthma, particularly severe asthma. We analysed the serum and sputum proteome to identify biomarkers jointly associated with these different phenotypes. Methods: Proteomic profiles (N = 1129 proteins) were assayed in sputum (n = 182) and serum (n = 574) from two cohorts (U-BIOPRED and ADEPT) of mild-moderate and severe asthma by SOMAscan. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalised logistic regression in a stability selection framework, we sought sparse sets of proteins associated with either eosinophilic or neutrophilic asthma with and without adjustment for established clinical factors including oral corticosteroid use and forced expiratory volume. Findings: We identified 13 serum proteins associated with eosinophilic asthma, including 7 (PAPP-A, TARC/CCL17, ALT/GPT, IgE, CCL28, CO8A1, and IL5-Rα) that were stably selected while adjusting for clinical factors yielding an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.83–0.84) compared to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.61–0.63) for clinical factors only. Sputum protein analysis selected only PAPP-A (AUC = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.80–0.81]). 12 serum proteins were associated with neutrophilic asthma, of which 5 (MMP-9, EDAR, GIIE/PLA2G2E, IL-1-R4/IL1RL1, and Elafin) complemented clinical factors increasing the AUC from 0.63 (95% CI: 0.58–0.67) for the model with clinical factors only to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.89–0.90). Our model did not select any sputum proteins associated with neutrophilic status. Interpretation: Targeted serum proteomic profiles are a non-invasive and scalable approach for subtyping of neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma and for future functional understanding of these phenotypes. Funding: U-BIOPRED has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115010, resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European ...
    Keywords Proteomics ; LASSO ; Sputum ; Serum ; Eosinophil ; Neutrophil ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Variant-specific symptoms of COVID-19 in a study of 1,542,510 adults in England

    Matthew Whitaker / Joshua Elliott / Barbara Bodinier / Wendy Barclay / Helen Ward / Graham Cooke / Christl A. Donnelly / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Paul Elliott

    Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: In this study, the authors assess changing symptom profiles associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants from May 2020 to March 2022 in England. Using data from the REACT-1 study, they find that Omicron infection is more often associated with cold and ... ...

    Abstract In this study, the authors assess changing symptom profiles associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants from May 2020 to March 2022 in England. Using data from the REACT-1 study, they find that Omicron infection is more often associated with cold and influenza-like symptoms, and less with loss of taste and smell.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England

    Matthew Whitaker / Joshua Elliott / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Steven Riley / Ara Darzi / Graham Cooke / Helen Ward / Paul Elliott

    Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: This study characterises Long COVID using data from the REACT-2 community-based study in England. It estimates that 38% (in autumn/winter 2020/21) and 22% (in spring 2021) of people reported at least one symptom 12 weeks after symptom onset; identifies ... ...

    Abstract This study characterises Long COVID using data from the REACT-2 community-based study in England. It estimates that 38% (in autumn/winter 2020/21) and 22% (in spring 2021) of people reported at least one symptom 12 weeks after symptom onset; identifies risk factors for persistent symptoms; and finds evidence of symptom clustering.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS)

    Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Sudha Sundar / Yasemin Hirst / Hannah R Brewer / James M Flanagan

    BMJ Open, Vol 10, Iss

    protocol for an observational case–control study focusing on the patient interval in ovarian cancer diagnosis

    2020  Volume 9

    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: What is new in the exposome?

    Paolo Vineis / Oliver Robinson / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Abbas Dehghan / Ian Mudway / Sonia Dagnino

    Environment International, Vol 143, Iss , Pp 105887- (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: The exposome concept refers to the totality of exposures from a variety of external and internal sources including chemical agents, biological agents, or radiation, from conception onward, over a complete lifetime. It encompasses also “psychosocial ... ...

    Abstract The exposome concept refers to the totality of exposures from a variety of external and internal sources including chemical agents, biological agents, or radiation, from conception onward, over a complete lifetime. It encompasses also “psychosocial components” including the impact of social relations and socio-economic position on health. In this review we provide examples of recent contributions from exposome research, where we believe their application will be of the greatest value for moving forward. So far, environmental epidemiology has mainly focused on hard outcomes, such as mortality, disease exacerbation and hospitalizations. However, there are many subtle outcomes that can be related to environmental exposures, and investigations can be facilitated by an improved understanding of internal biomarkers of exposure and response, through the application of omic technologies. Second, though we have a wealth of studies on environmental pollutants, the assessment of causality is often difficult because of confounding, reverse causation and other uncertainties. Biomarkers and omic technologies may allow better causal attribution, for example using instrumental variables in triangulation, as we discuss here. Even more complex is the understanding of how social relationships (in particular socio-economic differences) influence health and imprint on the fundamental biology of the individual. The identification of molecular changes that are intermediate between social determinants and disease status is a way to fill the gap. Another field in which biomarkers and omics are relevant is the study of mixtures. Epidemiology often deals with complex mixtures (e.g. ambient air pollution, food, smoking) without fully disentangling the compositional complexity of the mixture, or with rudimentary approaches to reflect the overall effect of multiple exposures or components.From the point of view of disease mechanisms, most models hypothesize that several stages need to be transitioned through health to the induction of ...
    Keywords Adductomics ; Omic technologies ; Exposome ; Environmental epidemiology ; Biomarkers ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Long-term health impacts of COVID-19 among 242,712 adults in England

    Christina J. Atchison / Bethan Davies / Emily Cooper / Adam Lound / Matthew Whitaker / Adam Hampshire / Adriana Azor / Christl A. Donnelly / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Graham S. Cooke / Helen Ward / Paul Elliott

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is having a lasting impact on health and well-being. We compare current self-reported health, quality of life and symptom profiles for people with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19 to those who have never tested positive ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is having a lasting impact on health and well-being. We compare current self-reported health, quality of life and symptom profiles for people with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19 to those who have never tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who have recovered from COVID-19. Overall, 276,840/800,000 (34·6%) of invited participants took part. Mental health and health-related quality of life were worse among participants with ongoing persistent symptoms post-COVID compared with those who had never had COVID-19 or had recovered. In this study, median duration of COVID-related symptoms (N = 130,251) was 1·3 weeks (inter-quartile range 6 days to 2 weeks), with 7·5% and 5·2% reporting ongoing symptoms ≥12 weeks and ≥52 weeks respectively. Female sex, ≥1 comorbidity and being infected when Wild-type variant was dominant were associated with higher probability of symptoms lasting ≥12 weeks and longer recovery time in those with persistent symptoms. Although COVID-19 is usually of short duration, some adults experience persistent and burdensome illness.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalisation and infection fatality ratios over 23 months in England

    Oliver Eales / David Haw / Haowei Wang / Christina Atchison / Deborah Ashby / Graham S. Cooke / Wendy Barclay / Helen Ward / Ara Darzi / Christl A. Donnelly / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Paul Elliott / Steven Riley

    PLoS Biology, Vol 21, Iss

    2023  Volume 5

    Abstract: The relationship between prevalence of infection and severe outcomes such as hospitalisation and death changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reliable estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) and infection hospitalisation ratio (IHR) ... ...

    Abstract The relationship between prevalence of infection and severe outcomes such as hospitalisation and death changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reliable estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) and infection hospitalisation ratio (IHR) along with the time-delay between infection and hospitalisation/death can inform forecasts of the numbers/timing of severe outcomes and allow healthcare services to better prepare for periods of increased demand. The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study estimated swab positivity for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in England approximately monthly from May 2020 to March 2022. Here, we analyse the changing relationship between prevalence of swab positivity and the IFR and IHR over this period in England, using publicly available data for the daily number of deaths and hospitalisations, REACT-1 swab positivity data, time-delay models, and Bayesian P-spline models. We analyse data for all age groups together, as well as in 2 subgroups: those aged 65 and over and those aged 64 and under. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between swab positivity and daily case numbers to estimate the case ascertainment rate of England’s mass testing programme. During 2020, we estimated the IFR to be 0.67% and the IHR to be 2.6%. By late 2021/early 2022, the IFR and IHR had both decreased to 0.097% and 0.76%, respectively. The average case ascertainment rate over the entire duration of the study was estimated to be 36.1%, but there was some significant variation in continuous estimates of the case ascertainment rate. Continuous estimates of the IFR and IHR of the virus were observed to increase during the periods of Alpha and Delta’s emergence. During periods of vaccination rollout, and the emergence of the Omicron variant, the IFR and IHR decreased. During 2020, we estimated a time-lag of 19 days between hospitalisation and swab positivity, and 26 days between deaths and swab positivity. By late 2021/early 2022, ...
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalisation and infection fatality ratios over 23 months in England.

    Oliver Eales / David Haw / Haowei Wang / Christina Atchison / Deborah Ashby / Graham S Cooke / Wendy Barclay / Helen Ward / Ara Darzi / Christl A Donnelly / Marc Chadeau-Hyam / Paul Elliott / Steven Riley

    PLoS Biology, Vol 21, Iss 5, p e

    2023  Volume 3002118

    Abstract: The relationship between prevalence of infection and severe outcomes such as hospitalisation and death changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reliable estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) and infection hospitalisation ratio (IHR) ... ...

    Abstract The relationship between prevalence of infection and severe outcomes such as hospitalisation and death changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reliable estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) and infection hospitalisation ratio (IHR) along with the time-delay between infection and hospitalisation/death can inform forecasts of the numbers/timing of severe outcomes and allow healthcare services to better prepare for periods of increased demand. The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study estimated swab positivity for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in England approximately monthly from May 2020 to March 2022. Here, we analyse the changing relationship between prevalence of swab positivity and the IFR and IHR over this period in England, using publicly available data for the daily number of deaths and hospitalisations, REACT-1 swab positivity data, time-delay models, and Bayesian P-spline models. We analyse data for all age groups together, as well as in 2 subgroups: those aged 65 and over and those aged 64 and under. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between swab positivity and daily case numbers to estimate the case ascertainment rate of England's mass testing programme. During 2020, we estimated the IFR to be 0.67% and the IHR to be 2.6%. By late 2021/early 2022, the IFR and IHR had both decreased to 0.097% and 0.76%, respectively. The average case ascertainment rate over the entire duration of the study was estimated to be 36.1%, but there was some significant variation in continuous estimates of the case ascertainment rate. Continuous estimates of the IFR and IHR of the virus were observed to increase during the periods of Alpha and Delta's emergence. During periods of vaccination rollout, and the emergence of the Omicron variant, the IFR and IHR decreased. During 2020, we estimated a time-lag of 19 days between hospitalisation and swab positivity, and 26 days between deaths and swab positivity. By late 2021/early 2022, ...
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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