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Article ; Online: Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa: Functional, Molecular and Clinical Aspects.

Tamburrino, Lara / Traini, Giulia / Marcellini, Arianna / Vignozzi, Linda / Baldi, Elisabetta / Marchiani, Sara

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 5

Abstract: Cryopreservation is an expanding strategy to allow not only fertility preservation for individuals who need such procedures because of gonadotoxic treatments, active duty in dangerous occupations or social reasons and gamete donation for couples where ... ...

Abstract	Cryopreservation is an expanding strategy to allow not only fertility preservation for individuals who need such procedures because of gonadotoxic treatments, active duty in dangerous occupations or social reasons and gamete donation for couples where conception is denied, but also for animal breeding and preservation of endangered animal species. Despite the improvement in semen cryopreservation techniques and the worldwide expansion of semen banks, damage to spermatozoa and the consequent impairment of its functions still remain unsolved problems, conditioning the choice of the technique in assisted reproduction procedures. Although many studies have attempted to find solutions to limit sperm damage following cryopreservation and identify possible markers of damage susceptibility, active research in this field is still required in order to optimize the process. Here, we review the available evidence regarding structural, molecular and functional damage occurring in cryopreserved human spermatozoa and the possible strategies to prevent it and optimize the procedures. Finally, we review the results on assisted reproduction technique (ARTs) outcomes following the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Preservation/methods ; Spermatozoa ; Cryopreservation/methods ; Fertility Preservation/methods ; Sperm Motility
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24054656
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Article ; Online: Metabolic Syndrome and Reproduction.

Lotti, Francesco / Marchiani, Sara / Corona, Giovanni / Maggi, Mario

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 4

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and infertility are two afflictions with a high prevalence in the general population. MetS is a global health problem increasing worldwide, while infertility affects up to 12% of men. Despite the high prevalence of these ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and infertility are two afflictions with a high prevalence in the general population. MetS is a global health problem increasing worldwide, while infertility affects up to 12% of men. Despite the high prevalence of these conditions, the possible impact of MetS on male fertility has been investigated by a few authors only in the last decade. In addition, underlying mechanism(s) connecting the two conditions have been investigated in few preclinical studies. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss available clinical and preclinical studies on the role of MetS (and its treatment) in male fertility. An extensive Medline search was performed identifying studies in the English language. While several studies support an association between MetS and hypogonadism, contrasting results have been reported on the relationship between MetS and semen parameters/male infertility, and the available studies considered heterogeneous MetS definitions and populations. So far, only two meta-analyses in clinical and preclinical studies, respectively, evaluated this topic, reporting a negative association between MetS and sperm parameters, testosterone and FSH levels, advocating, however, larger prospective investigations. In conclusion, a possible negative impact of MetS on male reproductive potential was reported; however, larger studies are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/complications ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Reproduction/physiology ; Semen
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22041988
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Article: Is oxidative stress evaluated in viable human spermatozoa a marker of good semen quality?

Traini, Giulia / Tamburrino, Lara / Vignozzi, Linda / Baldi, Elisabetta / Marchiani, Sara

Frontiers in endocrinology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1012416

Abstract: Background: Oxidative stress is defined as the unbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Whereas low levels of ROS are necessary for physiological sperm functions, high levels impair fertility damaging ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oxidative stress is defined as the unbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Whereas low levels of ROS are necessary for physiological sperm functions, high levels impair fertility damaging membranes, proteins and DNA. In this study, we used two probes, CellROX Methods: The percentage of oxidized spermatozoa was evaluated by flow cytometry with the two probes concomitantly with standard semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF, by TUNEL/PI). Phosphatidylserine membrane exposure, caspase 3,7 activity, sperm kinematic parameters and hyperactivated motility were evaluated by Annexin V, FLICA™ and CASA system respectively. Results: Oxidized viable spermatozoa, evaluated with both probes, were positively associated with sperm basal parameters and negatively with sDF. Also, we found that a consistent percentage of CellROX Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that CellROX
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Semen Analysis ; Annexin A5 ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Oxidative Stress
Chemical Substances	Annexin A5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2022.1012416
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Article ; Online: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test Detects Sperm DNA Fragmentation Mainly Associated with Unviable Spermatozoa and Underestimates the Values with Respect to TUNEL Assay.

Ragosta, Maria Emanuela / Traini, Giulia / Tamburrino, Lara / Degl'Innocenti, Selene / Fino, Maria Grazia / Dabizzi, Sara / Vignozzi, Linda / Baldi, Elisabetta / Marchiani, Sara

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 8

Abstract: Several clinical laboratories assess sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) in addition to semen analysis in male infertility diagnosis. Among tests evaluating sDF, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and SCD (Sperm Chromatin ... ...

Abstract	Several clinical laboratories assess sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) in addition to semen analysis in male infertility diagnosis. Among tests evaluating sDF, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and SCD (Sperm Chromatin Dispersion) are widely used. Our lab developed a modified version of TUNEL (TUNEL/PI) able to distinguish two sperm populations (PI Brighter and PI Dimmer) differently associated with sperm viability and reproductive outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare sDF levels detected by SCD and TUNEL/PI in the semen samples from 71 male subjects attending our Andrology Laboratory. Our results demonstrate that SCD is less sensitive in determining sDF compared to TUNEL/PI. The statistically significant positive correlation found between sDF evaluated by SCD and PI Dimmer (consisting of all dead spermatozoa) suggests that SCD mainly detects sDF in unviable spermatozoa. We confirmed that most spermatozoa detected by SCD are unviable by performing SCD after incubation in hypo-osmotic medium to discriminate viable and unviable cells in 52 samples. Such results might explain the lower ability of this test in discriminating couples having successful ART outcomes demonstrated in published metanalyses. Overall, our results indicate that SCD is less sensitive in evaluating sDF for diagnostic purposes.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; DNA Fragmentation ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling/methods ; Semen Analysis/methods ; Adult ; Infertility, Male/diagnosis ; Infertility, Male/genetics
Chemical Substances	Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25084481
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Article: Editorial: The Role of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Couple Infertility.

Marchiani, Sara / Tamburrino, Lara / McPherson, Nicole / Baldi, Elisabetta

Frontiers in endocrinology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 784716

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Infertility/epidemiology ; Infertility/metabolism ; Infertility/therapy ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2021.784716
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Article ; Online: Acute effects on human sperm exposed in vitro to cadmium chloride and diisobutyl phthalate.

Marchiani, S / Tamburrino, L / Farnetani, G / Muratori, M / Vignozzi, L / Baldi, E

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)

2019 Volume 158, Issue 3, Page(s) 281–290

Abstract: Epidemiological studies reported a negative relationship between concentrations of heavy metals and phthalates in seminal fluid and semen quality, likely compromising male fertility potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects ...

Abstract	Epidemiological studies reported a negative relationship between concentrations of heavy metals and phthalates in seminal fluid and semen quality, likely compromising male fertility potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), a common heavy metal, and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), a common phthalate ester, on human sperm functions necessary for fertilization. After in vitro incubation of spermatozoa with 10 µM CdCl2 or 100 and 200 µM DIBP for 24 h, a significant decrease of sperm progressive and hyperactivated motility was observed. The exposure to each of the two toxic agents also induced spontaneous sperm acrosome reaction and blunted the physiological response to progesterone. Both agents induced an increase of caspase activity suggesting triggering of an apoptotic pathway. Our results suggest that acute exposure of spermatozoa to these pollutants may impair sperm ability to reach and fertilize the oocyte.
MeSH term(s)	Acrosome Reaction/drug effects ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cadmium Chloride/pharmacology ; Caspases/metabolism ; Dibutyl Phthalate/analogs & derivatives ; Dibutyl Phthalate/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dibutyl Phthalate (2286E5R2KE) ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; diisobutyl phthalate (IZ67FTN290) ; Cadmium Chloride (J6K4F9V3BA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2034501-X
ISSN	1741-7899 ; 1470-1626 ; 1476-3990
ISSN (online)	1741-7899
ISSN	1470-1626 ; 1476-3990
DOI	10.1530/REP-19-0207
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Article ; Online: Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene on Human Sperm Functions: An In Vitro Study.

Traini, Giulia / Tamburrino, Lara / Ragosta, Maria Emanuela / Guarnieri, Giulia / Morelli, Annamaria / Vignozzi, Linda / Baldi, Elisabetta / Marchiani, Sara

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 19

Abstract: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is considered one of the most dangerous air pollutants for adverse health effects, including reproductive toxicity. It is found both in male and female reproductive fluids likely affecting spermatozoa after the selection process ... ...

Abstract	Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is considered one of the most dangerous air pollutants for adverse health effects, including reproductive toxicity. It is found both in male and female reproductive fluids likely affecting spermatozoa after the selection process through cervical mucus, a process mimicked in vitro with the swim-up procedure. In vitro effects of BaP (1, 5, 10 µM) were evaluated both in unselected and swim-up selected spermatozoa after 3 and 24 h of incubation. BaP reduced total, progressive and hyperactivated motility and migration in a viscous medium both in swim-up selected and unselected spermatozoa. Viability was not significantly affected in swim-up selected but was reduced in unselected spermatozoa. In swim-up selected spermatozoa, increases in the percentage of spontaneous acrosome reaction and DNA fragmentation were observed after 24 h of incubation, whereas no differences between the control and BaP-treated samples were observed in caspase-3 and -7 activity, indicating no effects on apoptotic pathways. ROS species, evaluated by staining with CellROX
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Sperm Motility ; Seeds/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Benzo(a)pyrene (3417WMA06D) ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241914411
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Article ; Online: Safety issues in semen banks during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a European survey.

Marchiani, S / Dabizzi, S / Degl'Innocenti, S / Fino, M G / Torcia, M G / Paoli, D / Lombardo, F / Ciccone, N / Pollini, S / Rossolini, G M / Vignozzi, L / Krausz, C / Baldi, E

Journal of endocrinological investigation

2022 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 973–980

Abstract: Purpose: We performed a survey among European semen banks enquiring safety protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. We report the experience from a center searching SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in semen of patients undergoing cryopreservation from May 2020 to January ...

Abstract	Purpose: We performed a survey among European semen banks enquiring safety protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. We report the experience from a center searching SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in semen of patients undergoing cryopreservation from May 2020 to January 2021. Methods: A questionnaire was submitted to accredited semen banks of the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS). A total of 22 centers answered to the survey. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in semen was evaluated by RT-PCR in 111 subjects banking in the Semen Bank of Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). Results: No particularly drastic safety measures were adopted by the majority of the centers to prevent the risk of contamination or transmission of the virus. The most common strategy (77.3%) was the administration of an anamnestic questionnaire. About half of the centers request a negative nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) before cryopreservation. Few centers use a quarantine tank, in case of late response of NPS, and only 4 store in a dedicated tank in case of infection. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA was not found in 111 semen samples cryopreserved in the Florentine bank. Conclusions: European semen banks use different measures to handle semen samples for cryopreservation during COVID-19 pandemic. The request of NPS is advised to better manage couples undergoing ART and to protect the personnel operating in the bank/ART center. Finally, due to the areas of uncertainties of an almost unknown virus, it is absolutely recommended the use of safe devices for sample handling and storage.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Semen ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	432272-1
ISSN	1720-8386 ; 0391-4097 ; 1121-1369
ISSN (online)	1720-8386
ISSN	0391-4097 ; 1121-1369
DOI	10.1007/s40618-021-01728-9
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Article: Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Mechanisms of Origin.

Muratori, Monica / Marchiani, Sara / Tamburrino, Lara / Baldi, Elisabetta

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2019 Volume 1166, Page(s) 75–85

Abstract: Spermatozoa have the task to deliver an intact paternal genome to the oocyte and to support a successful embryo development. The high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) found in sub-/infertile men threat human reproduction and health of the ... ...

Abstract	Spermatozoa have the task to deliver an intact paternal genome to the oocyte and to support a successful embryo development. The high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) found in sub-/infertile men threat human reproduction and health of the offspring. Strategies to prevent the onset of this type of sperm damage are extensively sought.sDF can be induced by factors like lifestyle-related habits, diseases, drugs, aging, infections and exposure to pollutants. At the cell level, all these factors induce sperm DNA breaks by three main mechanisms: apoptosis, impairment of sperm chromatin maturation and oxidative stress. Apoptosis and defects in maturation of sperm chromatin appear to act in the testis and account for DNA breaks found in dead ejaculated spermatozoa, whereas oxidative stress is likely inducing sDF during the transit through the male genital tracts and accounting for DNA breaks observed in viable spermatozoa of the ejaculate. Oxidative stress appears to be also the main mechanism responsible for induction of sDF after ejaculation, during in vitro manipulation of spermatozoa. Whether or not mature spermatozoa are able to trigger a cell death program is not yet clarified. In particular, it is not clear whether apoptotic nucleases or reactive oxygen species are responsible for producing DNA breaks in ejaculated mature spermatozoa. Knowledge of the mechanisms inducing sDF is a valuable starting point to define possible therapeutic options that however are still far to be established.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Male ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/pathology ; Testis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-21664-1_5
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Article ; Online: Progesterone, spermatozoa and reproduction: An updated review.

Tamburrino, Lara / Marchiani, Sara / Muratori, Monica / Luconi, Michaela / Baldi, Elisabetta

Molecular and cellular endocrinology

2020 Volume 516, Page(s) 110952

Abstract: The rapid effects of steroids on spermatozoa have been demonstrated for the first time more than three decades ago. Progesterone (P), which is present throughout the female genital tract with peaks of levels in the cumulus matrix surrounding the oocyte, ... ...

Abstract	The rapid effects of steroids on spermatozoa have been demonstrated for the first time more than three decades ago. Progesterone (P), which is present throughout the female genital tract with peaks of levels in the cumulus matrix surrounding the oocyte, has been shown to stimulate several sperm functions in vitro, including capacitation, hyperactivation, chemotaxis and acrosome reaction (AR). Besides an increase of intracellular calcium, P has been shown to activate other sperm signalling pathways including tyrosine phosphorylation of several sperm proteins. All these effects are mediated by extra-nuclear pathways likely involving interaction with molecules present on the sperm surface. In particular, the increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Progestins/pharmacology ; Spermatozoa/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channels ; Progestins ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-24
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	187438-x
ISSN	1872-8057 ; 0303-7207
ISSN (online)	1872-8057
ISSN	0303-7207
DOI	10.1016/j.mce.2020.110952
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