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  1. Article ; Conference proceedings: Unusual access for biliary cholangioscopy with lithotripsy: every cloud has a silver lining

    Marconato, E. / Farris, P. / Dequarti, A. / Antonelli, G. / Comberlato, M. / Desideri, F.

    Endoscopy

    2024  Volume 56, Issue S 02

    Event/congress ESGE Days 2024, Berlin, Germany, 2024-04-25
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings
    ZDB-ID 80120-3
    ISSN 1438-8812 ; 0013-726X
    ISSN (online) 1438-8812
    ISSN 0013-726X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0044-1783466
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 669: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 162: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: Interpretability Is in the Mind of the Beholder: A Causal Framework for Human-Interpretable Representation Learning.

    Marconato, Emanuele / Passerini, Andrea / Teso, Stefano

    Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 12

    Abstract: Research on Explainable Artificial Intelligence has recently started exploring the idea of producing explanations that, rather than being expressed in terms of low-level features, are encoded in terms ... ...

    Abstract Research on Explainable Artificial Intelligence has recently started exploring the idea of producing explanations that, rather than being expressed in terms of low-level features, are encoded in terms of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2014734-X
    ISSN 1099-4300 ; 1099-4300
    ISSN (online) 1099-4300
    ISSN 1099-4300
    DOI 10.3390/e25121574
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Drug-induced acute pancreatitis in ulcerative colitis.

    Amodio, Antonio / Marconato, Eugenio

    Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 833

    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Humans ; Pancreatitis/chemically induced ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2056680-3
    ISSN 1424-3911 ; 1424-3903
    ISSN (online) 1424-3911
    ISSN 1424-3903
    DOI 10.1016/j.pan.2021.02.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5553: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  4. Book ; Online: Not All Neuro-Symbolic Concepts Are Created Equal

    Marconato, Emanuele / Teso, Stefano / Vergari, Antonio / Passerini, Andrea

    Analysis and Mitigation of Reasoning Shortcuts

    2023  

    Abstract: Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) predictive models hold the promise of improved compliance with given constraints, systematic generalization, and interpretability, as they allow to infer labels that are consistent with some prior knowledge by reasoning over high- ... ...

    Abstract Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) predictive models hold the promise of improved compliance with given constraints, systematic generalization, and interpretability, as they allow to infer labels that are consistent with some prior knowledge by reasoning over high-level concepts extracted from sub-symbolic inputs. It was recently shown that NeSy predictors are affected by reasoning shortcuts: they can attain high accuracy but by leveraging concepts with unintended semantics, thus coming short of their promised advantages. Yet, a systematic characterization of reasoning shortcuts and of potential mitigation strategies is missing. This work fills this gap by characterizing them as unintended optima of the learning objective and identifying four key conditions behind their occurrence. Based on this, we derive several natural mitigation strategies, and analyze their efficacy both theoretically and empirically. Our analysis shows reasoning shortcuts are difficult to deal with, casting doubts on the trustworthiness and interpretability of existing NeSy solutions.

    Comment: 37th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023)
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Concise Commentary: Prebiotic, Probiotic, Whatever-It's All Good for IBS-C.

    Chiarioni, Giuseppe / Marconato, Eugenio

    Digestive diseases and sciences

    2019  Volume 65, Issue 2, Page(s) 550

    MeSH term(s) Constipation ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Lactobacillus helveticus ; Prebiotics ; Probiotics
    Chemical Substances Prebiotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 304250-9
    ISSN 1573-2568 ; 0163-2116
    ISSN (online) 1573-2568
    ISSN 0163-2116
    DOI 10.1007/s10620-019-05772-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Ui V Zs.35: Show issues Location:
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  6. Book ; Online: GlanceNets

    Marconato, Emanuele / Passerini, Andrea / Teso, Stefano

    Interpretabile, Leak-proof Concept-based Models

    2022  

    Abstract: There is growing interest in concept-based models (CBMs) that combine high-performance and interpretability by acquiring and reasoning with a vocabulary of high-level concepts. A key requirement is that the concepts be interpretable. Existing CBMs tackle ...

    Abstract There is growing interest in concept-based models (CBMs) that combine high-performance and interpretability by acquiring and reasoning with a vocabulary of high-level concepts. A key requirement is that the concepts be interpretable. Existing CBMs tackle this desideratum using a variety of heuristics based on unclear notions of interpretability, and fail to acquire concepts with the intended semantics. We address this by providing a clear definition of interpretability in terms of alignment between the model's representation and an underlying data generation process, and introduce GlanceNets, a new CBM that exploits techniques from disentangled representation learning and open-set recognition to achieve alignment, thus improving the interpretability of the learned concepts. We show that GlanceNets, paired with concept-level supervision, achieve better alignment than state-of-the-art approaches while preventing spurious information from unintendedly leaking into the learned concepts.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2022-05-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: The role of serological biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune pancreatitis.

    de Pretis, Nicolò / Amodio, Antonio / De Marchi, Giulia / Marconato, Eugenio / Ciccocioppo, Rachele / Frulloni, Luca

    Expert review of clinical immunology

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) 1119–1124

    Abstract: Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a fibroinflammatory disease of the pancreas. Type 1 AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic IgG4-related disease and is associated with serum elevation of IgG4, tissue infiltration of IgG4- ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a fibroinflammatory disease of the pancreas. Type 1 AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic IgG4-related disease and is associated with serum elevation of IgG4, tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, and multiorgan involvement. Although serum IgG4 elevation is considered a useful diagnostic tool, the concomitant presence of more diagnostic criteria is needed to achieve diagnosis. No other biomarkers have been approved in clinical practice in type 1 AIP. Type 2 AIP is a pancreatic-specific disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease. No specific biomarkers for type 2 AIP have been identified.
    Areas covered: The role of serum IgG4 in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with type 1 AIP. Moreover, data on other emerging biomarkers for type 1 and 2 AIP have been reported.
    Expert opinion: The diagnosis of AIP is challenging in clinical practice, especially for focal forms without multiorgan involvement, where distinction from pancreatic cancer can be difficult. Despite the strong association with type 1 AIP, serum IgG4 should only be measured when the suspicion for the disease is high, considering its limited sensitivity. New biomarkers with high diagnostic yield for both type 1 and type 2 AIP are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Autoimmune Pancreatitis/diagnosis ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis ; Pancreatitis/therapy ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Immunoglobulin G ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis, Differential
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin G ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2274260-8
    ISSN 1744-8409 ; 1744-666X
    ISSN (online) 1744-8409
    ISSN 1744-666X
    DOI 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2125379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6661: Show issues Location:
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  8. Book ; Online: Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning

    Marconato, Emanuele / Bontempo, Gianpaolo / Ficarra, Elisa / Calderara, Simone / Passerini, Andrea / Teso, Stefano

    Knowledge, Reasoning Shortcuts and Concept Rehearsal

    2023  

    Abstract: We introduce Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning, where a model has to solve a sequence of neuro-symbolic tasks, that is, it has to map sub-symbolic inputs to high-level concepts and compute predictions by reasoning consistently with prior knowledge. Our ... ...

    Abstract We introduce Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning, where a model has to solve a sequence of neuro-symbolic tasks, that is, it has to map sub-symbolic inputs to high-level concepts and compute predictions by reasoning consistently with prior knowledge. Our key observation is that neuro-symbolic tasks, although different, often share concepts whose semantics remains stable over time. Traditional approaches fall short: existing continual strategies ignore knowledge altogether, while stock neuro-symbolic architectures suffer from catastrophic forgetting. We show that leveraging prior knowledge by combining neuro-symbolic architectures with continual strategies does help avoid catastrophic forgetting, but also that doing so can yield models affected by reasoning shortcuts. These undermine the semantics of the acquired concepts, even when detailed prior knowledge is provided upfront and inference is exact, and in turn continual performance. To overcome these issues, we introduce COOL, a COncept-level cOntinual Learning strategy tailored for neuro-symbolic continual problems that acquires high-quality concepts and remembers them over time. Our experiments on three novel benchmarks highlights how COOL attains sustained high performance on neuro-symbolic continual learning tasks in which other strategies fail.

    Comment: 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2023)
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Concerted regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and contractile properties by the orphan nuclear receptor Nr2f6.

    Guimarães, Dimitrius Santiago P S F / Barrios, Ninon M F / de Oliveira, André Gustavo / Rizo-Roca, David / Jollet, Maxence / Smith, Jonathon A B / Araujo, Thiago R / da Cruz, Marcos Vinicius / Marconato, Emilio / Hirabara, Sandro M / Vieira, André S / Krook, Anna / Zierath, Juleen R / Silveira, Leonardo R

    Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The maintenance of skeletal muscle plasticity upon changes in the environment, nutrient supply, and exercise depends on regulatory mechanisms that couple structural and metabolic adaptations. The mechanisms that interconnect both processes ... ...

    Abstract Background: The maintenance of skeletal muscle plasticity upon changes in the environment, nutrient supply, and exercise depends on regulatory mechanisms that couple structural and metabolic adaptations. The mechanisms that interconnect both processes at the transcriptional level remain underexplored. Nr2f6, a nuclear receptor, regulates metabolism and cell differentiation in peripheral tissues. However, its role in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of Nr2f6 modulation on muscle biology in vivo and in vitro.
    Methods: Global RNA-seq was performed in Nr2f6 knockdown C2C12 myocytes (N = 4-5). Molecular and metabolic assays and proliferation experiments were performed using stable Nr2f6 knockdown and Nr2f6 overexpression C2C12 cell lines (N = 3-6). Nr2f6 content was evaluated in lipid overload models in vitro and in vivo (N = 3-6). In vivo experiments included Nr2f6 overexpression in mouse tibialis anterior muscle, followed by gene array transcriptomics and molecular assays (N = 4), ex vivo contractility experiments (N = 5), and histological analysis (N = 7). The conservation of Nr2f6 depletion effects was confirmed in primary skeletal muscle cells of humans and mice.
    Results: Nr2f6 knockdown upregulated genes associated with muscle differentiation, metabolism, and contraction, while cell cycle-related genes were downregulated. In human skeletal muscle cells, Nr2f6 knockdown significantly increased the expression of myosin heavy chain genes (two-fold to three-fold) and siRNA-mediated depletion of Nr2f6 increased maximal C2C12 myocyte's lipid oxidative capacity by 75% and protected against lipid-induced cell death. Nr2f6 content decreased by 40% in lipid-overloaded myotubes and by 50% in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. Nr2f6 overexpression in mice resulted in an atrophic and hypoplastic state, characterized by a significant reduction in muscle mass (15%) and myofibre content (18%), followed by an impairment (50%) in force production. These functional phenotypes were accompanied by the establishment of an inflammation-like molecular signature and a decrease in the expression of genes involved in muscle contractility and oxidative metabolism, which was associated with the repression of the uncoupling protein 3 (20%) and PGC-1α (30%) promoters activity following Nr2f6 overexpression in vitro. Additionally, Nr2f6 regulated core components of the cell division machinery, effectively decoupling muscle cell proliferation from differentiation.
    Conclusions: Our findings reveal a novel role for Nr2f6 as a molecular transducer that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between skeletal muscle contractile function and oxidative capacity. These results have significant implications for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and myopathies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2586864-0
    ISSN 2190-6009 ; 2190-5991
    ISSN (online) 2190-6009
    ISSN 2190-5991
    DOI 10.1002/jcsm.13480
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The features and clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease associated with autoimmune pancreatitis: A greater awareness is needed.

    Conti Bellocchi, Maria Cristina / Marconato, Eugenio / Lamonaca, Laura / Cattani Mottes, Martina / Ciccocioppo, Rachele / Carrara, Silvia / de Pretis, Nicolo' / Gabbrielli, Armando / Crinò, Stefano Francesco / Frulloni, Luca

    Medicine

    2022  Volume 101, Issue 4, Page(s) e28602

    Abstract: Abstract: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described in 5% to 40% of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence, endoscopic features, and outcome of IBD in association with AIP ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described in 5% to 40% of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence, endoscopic features, and outcome of IBD in association with AIP.A retrospective analysis including all consecutive patients with AIP and a histological diagnosis of IBD from 2010 to 2020 was performed. Demographical data, AIP, and IBD features, as well as clinical course, were recorded.Among 267 AIP patients, 45 were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) (27 men, mean age 31.6), all with a diagnosis of type 2 AIP. The most frequent presentation of AIP was acute pancreatitis (55.5%). Both diffuse (51.1%) and focal (48.9%) pancreatic involvement were observed. The AIP relapse rate was 11.1% over a mean follow-up of 55 months. In 69% of patients, the interval time between the diagnosis of AIP and UC was <1 year. When UC was present at AIP onset, UC was in clinical remission in 50% of patients. Fecal calprotectin levels, when available, were elevated in 86.6% of these patients. Mostly, mild-moderate pancolitis was initially diagnosed (55.5%). During follow-up, escalation therapy for UC was required in 40% of patients after a mean time of 45 months. Two patients (4.4%) underwent colectomy.The prevalence of UC in AIP patients was 17%. Mild pancolitis with a low rate of colectomy was found. Greater awareness is needed to avoid a delayed diagnosis of UC, and the dosage of fecal calprotectin levels could have a role in this setting.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoimmune Pancreatitis/complications ; Autoimmune Pancreatitis/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Pancreatitis/epidemiology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/complications ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis ; Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology ; Italy/epidemiology ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000028602
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Ua VI Zs.171: Show issues Location:
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