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Article ; Online: Reconstruction of Daily Courses of SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , NH 4 + Concentrations in Precipitation from Cumulative Samples

Iva Hůnová / Marek Brabec / Marek Malý / Hana Škáchová

Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 7, p

2022 Volume 1049

Abstract: It is important to study precipitation chemistry to comprehend both atmospheric and environmental processes. The aim of this study was the reconstruction of daily concentration patterns of major ions in precipitation from samples exposed for longer and ... ...

Abstract	It is important to study precipitation chemistry to comprehend both atmospheric and environmental processes. The aim of this study was the reconstruction of daily concentration patterns of major ions in precipitation from samples exposed for longer and differing time periods. We explored sulphates (SO 4 2− ), nitrates (NO 3 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) ions measured in precipitation within a nation-wide atmospheric deposition monitoring network in the Czech Republic during 1980–2020. We visualised the long-term trends at selected individual years for four stations, Praha 4-Libuš (LIB), Svratouch (SVR), Rudolice v Horách (RUD) and Souš (SOU), differing in geographical location and reflecting different environments. We found anticipated time trends reflecting the emission patterns of the precursors, i.e., sharp decreases in SO 4 2− , milder decreases in NO 3 − and steady states in NH 4 + concentrations in precipitation. Statistically significant decreasing time trends in SO 4 2− and NO 3 − concentrations in precipitation between 1990 and 2015 were revealed for the LIB and SVR sites. Spring maxima in April were found for all major ions at the LIB site and for NO 3 − for the SVR site, for both past and current samples, whereas no distinct seasonal behaviour was recorded for NH 4 + at the RUD and SO 4 2− at the SVR sites. By applying Bayesian modelling and the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation approach, we were able to reconstruct the daily patterns of SO 4 2− , NO 3 − and NH 4 + concentrations in precipitation, which might be further utilised for a wide range of tasks, including comparison of magnitudes and shapes between stations, grouping the decomposed daily data into the ecologically motivated time periods, as well as for logical checks of sampling and measurement reliability.
Keywords	precipitation chemistry ; Central Europe ; long-term trends ; time series ; data disaggregation ; Bayesian modelling ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
Subject code	333 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: From little girls to adult women

Grażyna Liczbińska / Marek Brabec / Rajesh K. Gautam / Jyoti Jhariya / Arun Kumar

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

Changes in age at marriage in Scheduled Castes from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, India

2023 Volume 2

Abstract: Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers’ and children’s health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well- ... ...

Abstract	Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers’ and children’s health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well-being of a mother and her offspring, especially in groups represented by extremely disadvantaged social strata in India. The results of such studies may influence the future family planning policy in the country. Objectives This study aims to investigate the trend of age at marriage among the Scheduled Castes (SCs) women from two Indian states: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh relative to the level of education and also to socioeconomic changes in the states. These states manifest the highest proportion of girls getting married below the age of 18 years–far above the proportion observed in entire India. Methods Women from Scheduled Caste, N = 1,612, aged 25–65, born in 1950–1990 were investigated. A modern semiparametric regression approach was used. To capture the relationship between age at marriage and year of birth, categories of women’s level of education (illiterate; primary: 1st–5th standards; middle school: 6th–8th standards; high school: 9th–10th standards; higher secondary: 11th–12th standards), and categories of the profession (women working in the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector), flexible framework of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied. Results A significant impact of the cohort defined by the year of birth (<0.001), and women’s education (<0.001) on age at marriage was noted, while the influence of women’s occupation was not significant (p = 0.642). Mean age at marriage differed significantly with different education level. Women who graduated from primary school married 0.631 years later on average than illiterate ones, while those who graduated from middle schools, high schools (9th–10th standards) and higher secondary schools married significantly later than illiterate ones by 1.454 years and 2.463 years, ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: From little girls to adult women

Grażyna Liczbińska / Marek Brabec / Rajesh K Gautam / Jyoti Jhariya / Arun Kumar

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 2, p e

Changes in age at marriage in Scheduled Castes from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, India.

2023 Volume 0281506

Abstract: Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers' and children's health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well- ... ...

Abstract	Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers' and children's health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well-being of a mother and her offspring, especially in groups represented by extremely disadvantaged social strata in India. The results of such studies may influence the future family planning policy in the country. Objectives This study aims to investigate the trend of age at marriage among the Scheduled Castes (SCs) women from two Indian states: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh relative to the level of education and also to socioeconomic changes in the states. These states manifest the highest proportion of girls getting married below the age of 18 years-far above the proportion observed in entire India. Methods Women from Scheduled Caste, N = 1,612, aged 25-65, born in 1950-1990 were investigated. A modern semiparametric regression approach was used. To capture the relationship between age at marriage and year of birth, categories of women's level of education (illiterate; primary: 1st-5th standards; middle school: 6th-8th standards; high school: 9th-10th standards; higher secondary: 11th-12th standards), and categories of the profession (women working in the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector), flexible framework of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied. Results A significant impact of the cohort defined by the year of birth (<0.001), and women's education (<0.001) on age at marriage was noted, while the influence of women's occupation was not significant (p = 0.642). Mean age at marriage differed significantly with different education level. Women who graduated from primary school married 0.631 years later on average than illiterate ones, while those who graduated from middle schools, high schools (9th-10th standards) and higher secondary schools married significantly later than illiterate ones by 1.454 years and 2.463 years, ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Statistical Gap-Filling of SEVIRI Land Surface Temperature

Alexandru Dumitrescu / Marek Brabec / Sorin Cheval

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1423, p

2020 Volume 1423

Abstract: A reliable and practically useable method for gap filling in hourly Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI LST) data using ERA5 Land Skin Temperature (ERA5ST) co-variate and additional easily accessible data (elevation, time, solar ... ...

Abstract	A reliable and practically useable method for gap filling in hourly Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI LST) data using ERA5 Land Skin Temperature (ERA5ST) co-variate and additional easily accessible data (elevation, time, solar radiation info) is proposed. The suggested approach provides estimates to all weather conditions and it is based on a probabilistic model via modern regression models. We have tested two classes of regression models of different complexity and flexibility, namely multiple linear regression (MLR), and generalized additive model (GAM). This analysis uses as main input the hourly LST data set over Romania, through 2016 and 2017, extracted from MSG-SEVIRI images, which is an operational product of the Land Surface Analysis–Satellite Application Facility (LSA-SAF). The comparison between the estimated LST and the original LST values shows that GAM model, that takes into account the distance between missing LST locations and the nearest non-missing locations (GAM2), provides the best results, hence this was used to fill the gaps from the analyzed remote sensing product. Considering the fact that the best covariate (ERA5ST) has global coverage and it is available at high spatial resolution and temporal resolution, the proposed approach could be also used to perform the gap-filling of other existing LST remote sensing products.
Keywords	land surface temperature ; gap-filling ; ERA5 land skin temperature ; generalized additive model ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of physical parameters on fish migration between a reservoir and its tributaries

Nikola Pfauserová / Marek Brabec / Ondřej Slavík / Pavel Horký / Vladimír Žlábek / Milan Hladík

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Reservoirs interrupt natural riverine continuity, reduce the overall diversity of the environment, and enhance the spread of non-native fish species through suitable environments. Under favourable conditions, invasive species migrate to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Reservoirs interrupt natural riverine continuity, reduce the overall diversity of the environment, and enhance the spread of non-native fish species through suitable environments. Under favourable conditions, invasive species migrate to tributaries to benefit from local resource supplies. However, the changes in physical conditions in reservoirs that motivate fish species to migrate remain poorly understood. We analysed migration between a reservoir and its tributary in three non-native (asp Leuciscus aspius, ide Leuciscus idus, and bream Abramis brama) and two native (chub Squalius cephalus and pike Esox lucius) species equipped with radio tags. This 5-year study revealed that an increasing day length was the most general predictor of migration into the tributary in all observed species except E. lucius. Only L. aspius responded to the substantially increasing water level in the reservoir, while the migration of L. idus and S. cephalus was attenuated. Abramis brama and S. cephalus occurred more frequently in tributaries with an increase in temperature in the reservoir and vice versa, but if the difference in temperature between the reservoir and its tributary was small, then A. brama did not migrate. Our results showed that migration from the reservoir mainly followed the alterations of daylight, while responses to other parameters were species specific. The interindividual heterogeneity within the species was significant and was not caused by differences in length or sex. Our results contribute to the knowledge of how reservoirs can affect the spread of non-native species that adapt to rapid human-induced environmental changes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Morphology of Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Its Relation to Schizophrenia

Anastasiya Lahutsina / Filip Spaniel / Jana Mrzilkova / Alexandra Morozova / Marek Brabec / Vladimir Musil / Petr Zach

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

2022 Volume 33

Abstract: Cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), particularly the cingulate (CS) and the paracingulate (PCS) sulci, represents a neurodevelopmental marker. Deviations in in utero development in schizophrenia can be traced using CS and PCS ... ...

Abstract	Cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), particularly the cingulate (CS) and the paracingulate (PCS) sulci, represents a neurodevelopmental marker. Deviations in in utero development in schizophrenia can be traced using CS and PCS morphometry. In the present study, we measured the length of CS, PCS, and their segments on T1 MRI scans in 93 patients with first- episode schizophrenia and 42 healthy controls. Besides the length, the frequency and the left-right asymmetry of CS/PCS were compared in patients and controls. Distribution of the CS and PCS morphotypes in patients was different from controls. Parcellated sulcal pattern CS3a in the left hemisphere was longer in patients (53.8 ± 25.7 mm vs. 32.7 ± 19.4 mm in controls, p < 0.05), while in CS3c it was reversed—longer in controls (52.5 ± 22.5 mm as opposed to 36.2 ± 12.9 mm, n.s. in patients). Non parcellated PCS in the right hemisphere were longer in patients compared to controls (19.4 ± 10.2 mm vs. 12.1 ± 12.4 mm, p < 0.001). Therefore, concurrent presence of PCS1 and CS1 in the left hemisphere and to some extent in the right hemisphere may be suggestive of a higher probability of schizophrenia.
Keywords	MRI ; schizophrenia ; morphology ; anatomy ; cingulate and paracingulate sulci ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diverse environmental cues drive the size of reproductive aggregation in a rheophilic fish

Marek Šmejkal / Daniel Bartoň / Petr Blabolil / Tomáš Kolařík / Jan Kubečka / Zuzana Sajdlová / Allan T. Souza / Marek Brabec

Movement Ecology, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Animal migrations are periodic and relatively predictable events, and their precise timing is essential to the reproductive success. Despite large scientific effort in monitoring animal reproductive phenology, identification of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Animal migrations are periodic and relatively predictable events, and their precise timing is essential to the reproductive success. Despite large scientific effort in monitoring animal reproductive phenology, identification of complex environmental cues that determine the timing of reproductive migrations and temporal changes in the size of reproductive aggregations in relation to environmental variables is relatively rare in the current scientific literature. Methods We tagged and tracked 1702 individuals of asp (Leuciscus aspius), a large minnow species, and monitored with a resolution of one hour the size of their reproductive aggregations (counts of sexes present at the breeding grounds standardized by the sum of individuals in the season) over seven breeding seasons using passive integrated transponder tag systems. We examined the size of reproductive aggregations in relation to environmental cues of day number within a reproductive season (intra-year seasonality), water temperature, discharge, hour in a day (intra-day pattern), temperature difference between water and air, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and lunar phase. A generalized additive model integrating evidence from seven breeding seasons and providing typical dynamics of reproductive aggregations was constructed. Results We demonstrated that all environmental cues considered contributed to the changes in the size of reproductive aggregations during breeding season, and that some effects varied during breeding season. Our model explained approximately 50% of the variability in the data and the effects were sex-dependent (models of the same structure were fitted to each sex separately, so that we effectively stratified on sex). The size of reproductive aggregations increased unimodally in response to day in season, correlated positively with water temperature and wind speed, was highest before and after the full moon, and highest at night (interacting with day in a season). Males responded negatively and females ...
Keywords	Weather ; Reproductive behaviour ; Long-term monitoring ; Fish movement ; Migration ; Phenology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: What Are the Principal Factors Affecting Ambient Ozone Concentrations in Czech Mountain Forests?

Iva Hůnová / Marek Brabec / Marek Malý

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol

2019 Volume 2

Abstract: The aim of our study was to identify the factors substantially affecting day-to-day variability in O3 concentrations in Czech mountain forests and to describe their influence in detailed, quantitative way. We examined the effects of meteorology and ... ...

Abstract	The aim of our study was to identify the factors substantially affecting day-to-day variability in O3 concentrations in Czech mountain forests and to describe their influence in detailed, quantitative way. We examined the effects of meteorology and ambient NOx recorded in regular long-term continuous monitoring at five mountain forest sites representing different regions, covering both polluted and relatively unpolluted areas over the time period of 1992–2018. To investigate the association between ambient O3 concentrations on one hand, and precursor NOx concentrations, and meteorology on the other hand, we used a generalized additive model, GAM, with semiparametric (penalized-spline-based) components to capture properly the possible departures from linearity that is not captured by traditional linear regression approaches. Our results revealed that the O3 concentrations showed significant associations with all selected explanatory variables, i.e., air temperature, global solar radiation (GLRD), relative humidity, and NOx. Apparently, both meteorology and air pollution are highly important for day-to-day O3 concentrations, and this finding is consistent for all five rural sites, representing middle-elevated forested mountain areas in Central Europe. In addition to individual variables, we were able to detect interactions between three pairs of explanatory variables, namely temperatureGLRD, temperaturerelative humidity, and GLRD*relative humidity. Moreover, we confirmed non-linear O3 behavior toward all individual explanatory variables.
Keywords	ambient ozone ; generalized additive model ; NOx ; meteorology ; non-linear effects ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
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Article ; Online: Mating activity of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera

Alois HONĚK / Zdenka MARTINKOVÁ / Marek BRABEC

European Journal of Entomology, Vol 116, Iss 1, Pp 187-

Pyrrhocoridae) in nature

2019 Volume 193

Abstract: The mating behaviour of Pyrrhocoris apterus in the laboratory is well studied, but little is known about it under natural conditions. In natural populations in Central Europe, overwintered adults start copulating in March and continue until their death. ... ...

Abstract	The mating behaviour of Pyrrhocoris apterus in the laboratory is well studied, but little is known about it under natural conditions. In natural populations in Central Europe, overwintered adults start copulating in March and continue until their death. Caged females, kept under natural conditions in the permanent presence of males, copulated repeatedly. Their mating activity increased sharply until early April, then very slowly until the end of June and then declined as the females die-off. Half of copulations were short (< 5 h) and only 9% were longer than 1 day. By contrast, in natural populations, mating activity (percentage of individuals involved in copula) reached its maximum in April and then decreased until early July, when the overwintered adults die. The decline in mating frequency (percentage of adults involved in copula) was associated with a decrease in the availability of receptive females towards the end of the mating period. For a female, repeated copulation is necessary because sperm is nearly depleted after insemination of 3-5 egg batches.
Keywords	heteroptera ; pyrrhocoridae ; pyrrhocoris apterus ; firebug ; behaviour ; copulation ; daily changes ; seasonal changes ; sperm depletion ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Basal Ganglia Compensatory White Matter Changes on DTI in Alzheimer’s Disease

Zdeněk Wurst / Barbora Birčák Kuchtová / Jan Křemen / Anastasiya Lahutsina / Ibrahim Ibrahim / Jaroslav Tintěra / Aleš Bartoš / Marek Brabec / Tanya Rai / Petr Zach / Vladimír Musil / Nicoletta Olympiou / Jana Mrzílková

Cells, Vol 12, Iss 1220, p

2023 Volume 1220

Abstract: The volume reduction of the gray matter structures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is often accompanied by an asymmetric increase in the number of white matter fibers located close to these structures. The present study aims to investigate the white ...

Abstract	The volume reduction of the gray matter structures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is often accompanied by an asymmetric increase in the number of white matter fibers located close to these structures. The present study aims to investigate the white matter structure changes in the motor basal ganglia in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared to healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging. The amounts of tracts, tract length, tract volume, quantitative anisotropy, and general fractional anisotropy were measured in ten patients with Alzheimer’s disease and ten healthy controls. A significant decrease in the number of tracts and general fractional anisotropy was found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls in the right caudate nucleus, while an increase was found in the left and the right putamen. Further, a significant decrease in the structural volume of the left and the right putamen was observed. An increase in the white matter diffusion tensor imaging parameters in patients with Alzheimer’s disease was observed only in the putamen bilaterally. The right caudate showed a decrease in both the diffusion tensor imaging parameters and the volume in Alzheimer’s disease patients. The right pallidum showed an increase in the diffusion tensor imaging parameters but a decrease in volume in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Keywords	DTI ; Alzheimer’s disease ; basal ganglia ; white matter ; compensatory changes ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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