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  1. Article ; Online: The surface of lipid droplets constitutes a barrier for endoplasmic reticulum-resident integral membrane proteins.

    Khaddaj, Rasha / Mari, Muriel / Cottier, Stéphanie / Reggiori, Fulvio / Schneiter, Roger

    Journal of cell science

    2021  Volume 135, Issue 5

    Abstract: Lipid droplets (LDs) are globular subcellular structures that store neutral lipids. LDs are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are limited by a phospholipid monolayer harboring a specific set of proteins. Most of these proteins ... ...

    Abstract Lipid droplets (LDs) are globular subcellular structures that store neutral lipids. LDs are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are limited by a phospholipid monolayer harboring a specific set of proteins. Most of these proteins associate with LDs through either an amphipathic helix or a membrane-embedded hairpin motif. Here, we address the question of whether integral membrane proteins can localize to the surface of LDs. To test this, we fused perilipin 3 (PLIN3), a mammalian LD-targeted protein, to ER-resident proteins. The resulting fusion proteins localized to the periphery of LDs in both yeast and mammalian cells. This peripheral LD localization of the fusion proteins, however, was due to a redistribution of the ER around LDs, as revealed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation between ER- and LD-localized partners. A LD-tethering function of PLIN3-containing membrane proteins was confirmed by fusing PLIN3 to the cytoplasmic domain of an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, OM14. Expression of OM14-PLIN3 induced a close apposition between LDs and mitochondria. These data indicate that the ER-LD junction constitutes a barrier for ER-resident integral membrane proteins.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/genetics ; Lipid Droplets ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Phospholipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; Phospholipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2993-2
    ISSN 1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
    ISSN (online) 1477-9137
    ISSN 0021-9533
    DOI 10.1242/jcs.256206
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: ER-phagy requires the assembly of actin at sites of contact between the cortical ER and endocytic pits.

    Liu, Dongmei / Mari, Muriel / Li, Xia / Reggiori, Fulvio / Ferro-Novick, Susan / Novick, Peter

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2022  Volume 119, Issue 6

    Abstract: Fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are selectively delivered to the lysosome (mammals) or vacuole (yeast) in response to starvation or the accumulation of misfolded proteins through an autophagic process known as ER-phagy. A screen of ... ...

    Abstract Fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are selectively delivered to the lysosome (mammals) or vacuole (yeast) in response to starvation or the accumulation of misfolded proteins through an autophagic process known as ER-phagy. A screen of the
    MeSH term(s) Actins/genetics ; Actins/metabolism ; Autophagosomes/genetics ; Autophagosomes/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/genetics ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Actins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2117554119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The lipid flippase Drs2 regulates anterograde transport of Atg9 during autophagy.

    Kriegenburg, Franziska / Huiting, Wouter / van Buuren-Broek, Fleur / Zwilling, Emma / Hardenberg, Ralph / Mari, Muriel / Kraft, Claudine / Reggiori, Fulvio

    Autophagy reports

    2023  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 345–367

    Abstract: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway during which cellular material is sequestered within newly formed double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and delivered to the lytic compartment of eukaryotic cells for degradation. ... ...

    Abstract Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway during which cellular material is sequestered within newly formed double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and delivered to the lytic compartment of eukaryotic cells for degradation. Autophagosome biogenesis depends on the core autophagy-related (Atg) machinery, and involves a massive supply and remodelling of membranes. To gain insight into the lipid remodelling mechanisms during autophagy, we have systematically investigated whether lipid flippases are required for this pathway in the yeast
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2769-4127
    ISSN (online) 2769-4127
    DOI 10.1080/27694127.2022.2104781
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Decoding the function of Atg13 phosphorylation reveals a role of Atg11 in bulk autophagy initiation.

    Bhattacharya, Anuradha / Torggler, Raffaela / Reiter, Wolfgang / Romanov, Natalie / Licheva, Mariya / Ciftci, Akif / Mari, Muriel / Kolb, Lena / Kaiser, Dominik / Reggiori, Fulvio / Ammerer, Gustav / Hollenstein, David M / Kraft, Claudine

    EMBO reports

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 813–831

    Abstract: Autophagy is initiated by the assembly of multiple autophagy-related proteins that form the phagophore assembly site where autophagosomes are formed. Atg13 is essential early in this process, and a hub of extensive phosphorylation. How these multiple ... ...

    Abstract Autophagy is initiated by the assembly of multiple autophagy-related proteins that form the phagophore assembly site where autophagosomes are formed. Atg13 is essential early in this process, and a hub of extensive phosphorylation. How these multiple phosphorylations contribute to autophagy initiation, however, is not well understood. Here we comprehensively analyze the role of phosphorylation events on Atg13 during nutrient-rich conditions and nitrogen starvation. We identify and functionally characterize 48 in vivo phosphorylation sites on Atg13. By generating reciprocal mutants, which mimic the dephosphorylated active and phosphorylated inactive state of Atg13, we observe that disrupting the dynamic regulation of Atg13 leads to insufficient or excessive autophagy, which are both detrimental to cell survival. We furthermore demonstrate an involvement of Atg11 in bulk autophagy even during nitrogen starvation, where it contributes together with Atg1 to the multivalency that drives phase separation of the phagophore assembly site. These findings reveal the importance of post-translational regulation on Atg13 early during autophagy initiation, which provides additional layers of regulation to control bulk autophagy activity and integrate cellular signals.
    MeSH term(s) Phosphorylation ; Autophagy/physiology ; Autophagy-Related Proteins/genetics ; Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Nitrogen ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.1038/s44319-023-00055-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The GTPase activating protein Gyp7 regulates Rab7/Ypt7 activity on late endosomes.

    Füllbrunn, Nadia / Nicastro, Raffaele / Mari, Muriel / Griffith, Janice / Herrmann, Eric / Rasche, René / Borchers, Ann-Christin / Auffarth, Kathrin / Kümmel, Daniel / Reggiori, Fulvio / De Virgilio, Claudio / Langemeyer, Lars / Ungermann, Christian

    The Journal of cell biology

    2024  Volume 223, Issue 6

    Abstract: Organelles of the endomembrane system contain Rab GTPases as identity markers. Their localization is determined by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). It remains largely unclear how these regulators are ... ...

    Abstract Organelles of the endomembrane system contain Rab GTPases as identity markers. Their localization is determined by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). It remains largely unclear how these regulators are specifically targeted to organelles and how their activity is regulated. Here, we focus on the GAP Gyp7, which acts on the Rab7-like Ypt7 protein in yeast, and surprisingly observe the protein exclusively in puncta proximal to the vacuole. Mistargeting of Gyp7 to the vacuole strongly affects vacuole morphology, suggesting that endosomal localization is needed for function. In agreement, efficient endolysosomal transport requires Gyp7. In vitro assays reveal that Gyp7 requires a distinct lipid environment for membrane binding and activity. Overexpression of Gyp7 concentrates Ypt7 in late endosomes and results in resistance to rapamycin, an inhibitor of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), suggesting that these late endosomes are signaling endosomes. We postulate that Gyp7 is part of regulatory machinery involved in late endosome function.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Transport ; Endosomes ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vacuoles ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Gyp7 protein, S cerevisiae ; YPT7 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.6.1.-) ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2) ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.202305038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Parkinson's disease-associated VPS35 mutant reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and impairs PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

    Ma, Kai Yu / Fokkens, Michiel R / Reggiori, Fulvio / Mari, Muriel / Verbeek, Dineke S

    Translational neurodegeneration

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 19

    Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and several genes linked to familial PD, including PINK1 (encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 [PINK1]) and PARK2 (encoding the E3 ubiquitin ...

    Abstract Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and several genes linked to familial PD, including PINK1 (encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 [PINK1]) and PARK2 (encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin), are directly involved in processes such as mitophagy that maintain mitochondrial health. The dominant p.D620N variant of vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene is also associated with familial PD but has not been functionally connected to PINK1 and PARK2.
    Methods: To better mimic and study the patient situation, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate heterozygous human SH-SY5Y cells carrying the PD-associated D620N variant of VPS35. These cells were treated with a protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to induce the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which was assessed using biochemical and microscopy approaches.
    Results: Mitochondria in the VPS35-D620N cells exhibited reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and appeared to already be damaged at steady state. As a result, the mitochondria of these cells were desensitized to the CCCP-induced collapse in mitochondrial potential, as they displayed altered fragmentation and were unable to accumulate PINK1 at their surface upon this insult. Consequently, Parkin recruitment to the cell surface was inhibited and initiation of the PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy was impaired.
    Conclusion: Our findings extend the pool of evidence that the p.D620N mutation of VPS35 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and suggest a converging pathogenic mechanism among VPS35, PINK1 and Parkin in PD.
    MeSH term(s) Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Mitogens ; Mitophagy/genetics ; Mutation ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Mitogens ; VPS35 protein, human ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone (555-60-2) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; parkin protein (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; PTEN-induced putative kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653701-1
    ISSN 2047-9158
    ISSN 2047-9158
    DOI 10.1186/s40035-021-00243-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cvm1 is a component of multiple vacuolar contact sites required for sphingolipid homeostasis.

    Bisinski, Daniel D / Gomes Castro, Inês / Mari, Muriel / Walter, Stefan / Fröhlich, Florian / Schuldiner, Maya / González Montoro, Ayelén

    The Journal of cell biology

    2022  Volume 221, Issue 8

    Abstract: Membrane contact sites are specialized platforms formed between most organelles that enable them to exchange metabolites and influence the dynamics of each other. The yeast vacuole is a degradative organelle equivalent to the lysosome in higher ... ...

    Abstract Membrane contact sites are specialized platforms formed between most organelles that enable them to exchange metabolites and influence the dynamics of each other. The yeast vacuole is a degradative organelle equivalent to the lysosome in higher eukaryotes with important roles in ion homeostasis and metabolism. Using a high-content microscopy screen, we identified Ymr160w (Cvm1, for contact of the vacuole membrane 1) as a novel component of three different contact sites of the vacuole: with the nuclear endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and the peroxisomes. At the vacuole-mitochondria contact site, Cvm1 acts as a tether independently of previously known tethers. We show that changes in Cvm1 levels affect sphingolipid homeostasis, altering the levels of multiple sphingolipid classes and the response of sphingolipid-sensing signaling pathways. Furthermore, the contact sites formed by Cvm1 are induced upon a decrease in sphingolipid levels. Altogether, our work identifies a novel protein that forms multiple contact sites and supports a role of lysosomal contacts in sphingolipid homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Homeostasis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sphingolipids/metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sphingolipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.202103048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The yeast LYST homolog Bph1 is a Rab5 effector and prevents Atg8 lipidation at endosomes.

    Vargas Duarte, Prado / Hardenberg, Ralph / Mari, Muriel / Walter, Stefan / Reggiori, Fulvio / Fröhlich, Florian / González Montoro, Ayelén / Ungermann, Christian

    Journal of cell science

    2022  Volume 135, Issue 8

    Abstract: Lysosomes mediate degradation of macromolecules to their precursors for cellular recycling. Additionally, lysosome-related organelles mediate cell type-specific functions. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome is an autosomal, recessive disease, in which loss of the ... ...

    Abstract Lysosomes mediate degradation of macromolecules to their precursors for cellular recycling. Additionally, lysosome-related organelles mediate cell type-specific functions. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome is an autosomal, recessive disease, in which loss of the protein LYST causes defects in lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. The molecular function of LYST, however, is largely unknown. Here, we dissected the function of the yeast LYST homolog, Bph1. We show that Bph1 is an endosomal protein and an effector of the minor Rab5 isoform Ypt52. Strikingly, bph1Δ mutant cells have lipidated Atg8 on their endosomes, which is sorted via late endosomes into the vacuole lumen under non-autophagy-inducing conditions. In agreement with this, proteomic analysis of bph1Δ vacuoles reveals an accumulation of Atg8, reduced flux via selective autophagy, and defective endocytosis. Additionally, bph1Δ cells have reduced autophagic flux under starvation conditions. Our observations suggest that Bph1 is a novel Rab5 effector that maintains endosomal functioning. When Bph1 is lost, Atg8 is lipidated at endosomes even during normal growth and ends up in the vacuole lumen. Thus, our results contribute to the understanding of the role of LYST-related proteins and associated diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family/metabolism ; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; LYST protein, human ; Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2993-2
    ISSN 1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
    ISSN (online) 1477-9137
    ISSN 0021-9533
    DOI 10.1242/jcs.259421
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The dynamin Vps1 mediates Atg9 transport to the sites of autophagosome formation.

    Arlt, Henning / Raman, Babu / Filali-Mouncef, Yasmina / Hu, Yan / Leytens, Alexandre / Hardenberg, Ralph / Guimarães, Rodrigo / Kriegenburg, Franziska / Mari, Muriel / Smaczynska-de Rooij, Iwona I / Ayscough, Kathryn R / Dengjel, Jörn / Ungermann, Christian / Reggiori, Fulvio

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2023  Volume 299, Issue 5, Page(s) 104712

    Abstract: Autophagy is a key process in eukaryotes to maintain cellular homeostasis by delivering cellular components to lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation and reuse of the resulting metabolites. Membrane rearrangements and trafficking events are mediated by the ... ...

    Abstract Autophagy is a key process in eukaryotes to maintain cellular homeostasis by delivering cellular components to lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation and reuse of the resulting metabolites. Membrane rearrangements and trafficking events are mediated by the core machinery of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, which carry out a variety of functions. How Atg9, a lipid scramblase and the only conserved transmembrane protein within this core Atg machinery, is trafficked during autophagy remained largely unclear. Here, we addressed this question in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that retromer complex and dynamin Vps1 mutants alter Atg9 subcellular distribution and severely impair the autophagic flux by affecting two separate autophagy steps. We provide evidence that Vps1 interacts with Atg9 at Atg9 reservoirs. In the absence of Vps1, Atg9 fails to reach the sites of autophagosome formation, and this results in an autophagy defect. The function of Vps1 in autophagy requires its GTPase activity. Moreover, Vps1 point mutants associated with human diseases such as microcytic anemia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth are unable to sustain autophagy and affect Atg9 trafficking. Together, our data provide novel insights on the role of dynamins in Atg9 trafficking and suggest that a defect in this autophagy step could contribute to severe human pathologies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Autophagosomes/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Dynamins/metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Autophagy-Related Proteins/genetics ; Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Dynamins (EC 3.6.5.5) ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; VPS1 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.6.1.-) ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; ATG9 protein, S cerevisiae ; Membrane Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104712
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  10. Article ; Online: A newly characterized vacuolar serine carboxypeptidase, Atg42/Ybr139w, is required for normal vacuole function and the terminal steps of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Parzych, Katherine R / Ariosa, Aileen / Mari, Muriel / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Molecular biology of the cell

    2018  Volume 29, Issue 9, Page(s) 1089–1099

    Abstract: Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular recycling pathway essential for cell survival during nutrient deprivation that culminates in the degradation of cargo within the vacuole in yeast and the lysosome in mammals, followed by efflux of the ... ...

    Abstract Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular recycling pathway essential for cell survival during nutrient deprivation that culminates in the degradation of cargo within the vacuole in yeast and the lysosome in mammals, followed by efflux of the resultant macromolecules back into the cytosol. The yeast vacuole is home to many different hydrolytic proteins and while few have established roles in autophagy, the involvement of others remains unclear. The vacuolar serine carboxypeptidase Y (Prc1) has not been previously shown to have a role in vacuolar zymogen activation and has not been directly implicated in the terminal degradation steps of autophagy. Through a combination of molecular genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches, we have shown that Prc1 has a functional homologue, Ybr139w, and that cells deficient in both Prc1 and Ybr139w have defects in autophagy-dependent protein synthesis, vacuolar zymogen activation, and autophagic body breakdown. Thus, we have demonstrated that Ybr139w and Prc1 have important roles in proteolytic processing in the vacuole and the terminal steps of autophagy.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy/physiology ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases/pharmacology ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Vacuoles/physiology
    Chemical Substances Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; serine carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1098979-1
    ISSN 1939-4586 ; 1059-1524
    ISSN (online) 1939-4586
    ISSN 1059-1524
    DOI 10.1091/mbc.E17-08-0516
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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