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  1. Article ; Online: Bovine Lactoferrin Inhibits Toscana Virus Infection by Binding to Heparan Sulphate

    Agostina Pietrantoni / Claudia Fortuna / Maria Elena Remoli / Maria Grazia Ciufolini / Fabiana Superti

    Viruses, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 480-

    2015  Volume 495

    Abstract: Toscana virus is an emerging sandfly-borne bunyavirus in Mediterranean Europe responsible for neurological diseases in humans. It accounts for about 80% of paediatric meningitis cases during the summer. Despite the important impact of Toscana virus ... ...

    Abstract Toscana virus is an emerging sandfly-borne bunyavirus in Mediterranean Europe responsible for neurological diseases in humans. It accounts for about 80% of paediatric meningitis cases during the summer. Despite the important impact of Toscana virus infection-associated disease on human health, currently approved vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are not available. In this research, we have analyzed the effect of bovine lactoferrin, a bi-globular iron-binding glycoprotein with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, on Toscana virus infection in vitro. Our results showed that lactoferrin was capable of inhibiting Toscana virus replication in a dose-dependent manner. Results obtained when lactoferrin was added to the cells during different phases of viral infection showed that lactoferrin was able to prevent viral replication when added during the viral adsorption step or during the entire cycle of virus infection, demonstrating that its action takes place in an early phase of viral infection. In particular, our results demonstrated that the anti-Toscana virus action of lactoferrin took place on virus attachment to the cell membrane, mainly through a competition for common glycosaminoglycan receptors. These findings provide further insights on the antiviral activity of bovine lactoferrin.
    Keywords Toscana virus ; lactoferrin ; antiviral agents ; Phlebovirus ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Recent Chikungunya Virus Infection in 2 Travelers Returning from Mogadishu, Somalia, to Italy, 2016

    Lorenzo Zammarchi / Claudia Fortuna / Giulietta Venturi / Francesca Rinaldi / Teresa Capobianco / Maria Elena Remoli / Gian Maria Rossolini / Giovanni Rezza / Alessandro Bartoloni

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 22, Iss 11, Pp 2025-

    2016  Volume 2027

    Keywords Chikungunya virus ; Italy ; Europe ; Somalia ; Africa ; traveler ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Vector competence of Italian Aedes albopictus populations for the chikungunya virus (E1-226V).

    Francesco Severini / Daniela Boccolini / Claudia Fortuna / Marco Di Luca / Luciano Toma / Antonello Amendola / Eleonora Benedetti / Giada Minelli / Roberto Romi / Giulietta Venturi / Giovanni Rezza / Maria Elena Remoli

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e

    2018  Volume 0006435

    Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus, belonging to the Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus, transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Since 2007, two different CHIKV strains (E1-226A and E1-226V) have been responsible for outbreaks in European ...

    Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus, belonging to the Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus, transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Since 2007, two different CHIKV strains (E1-226A and E1-226V) have been responsible for outbreaks in European countries, including Italy, sustained by Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.In this study, we assessed the susceptibility to the CHIKV E1-226V, strain responsible for the Italian 2007 outbreak, of eight Ae. albopictus populations collected in Northern, Central, Southern, and Island Italy, by experimental infections. Vector competence was evaluated by estimating infection, dissemination, and transmission rates (IR, DR, TR), through detection of the virus in the bodies, legs plus wings, and saliva, respectively. Additionally, vertical transmission was evaluated by the detection of the virus in the offspring. The results of our study demonstrated that the Italian populations of Ae. albopictus tested were susceptible to CHIKV infection, and can disseminate the virus outside the midgut barrier with high values of IR and DR. Viral infectious RNA was detected in the saliva of three populations from Central, Southern, and Island Italy, also tested for TR and population transmission rate (PTR) values. No progeny of the first and second gonotrophic cycle were positive for CHIKV.This study strongly confirms the role of Ae. albopictus as a potential CHIKV vector in Italy. This may represent a threat, especially considering both the high density of this species, which is widespread throughout the country, and the increasing number of cases of imported arboviruses.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 940
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Expression of Proinflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines via NF-κB and MAPK-Dependent and IFN Regulatory Factor-3-Independent Mechanisms in Human Primary Monocytes Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Elena Giacomini / Maria Elena Remoli / Marta Scandurra / Valérie Gafa / Manuela Pardini / Lanfranco Fattorini / Eliana M. Coccia

    Clinical and Developmental Immunology, Vol

    2011  Volume 2011

    Abstract: Knowledge of the molecular events regulating the innate response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is critical for understanding immunological pathogenesis and protection from tuberculosis. To this aim, the regulation and the expression of regulatory ... ...

    Abstract Knowledge of the molecular events regulating the innate response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is critical for understanding immunological pathogenesis and protection from tuberculosis. To this aim, the regulation and the expression of regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines were investigated in human primary monocytes upon Mtb infection. We found that Mtb-infected monocytes preferentially express a proinflammatory cytokine profile, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Conversely, among the regulatory cytokines, Mtb elicited IL-10 and IL-23 release while no expression of IL-12p70, IL-27, and IFN-β was observed. The analysis of the signalling pathways leading to this selective cytokine expression showed that in monocytes Mtb activates MAPK and NF-κB but is unable to stimulate IRF-3 phosphorylation, a transcription factor required for IL-12p35 and IFN-β gene expression. Thus, by inducing a specific cytokine profile, Mtb can influence the immunoregulatory properties of monocytes, which represent important target of novel vaccinal strategies against Mtb infection.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Experimental studies on comparison of the vector competence of four Italian Culex pipiens populations for West Nile virus

    Fortuna, Claudia / Daniela Boccolini / Eleonora Benedetti / Fabrizio Montarsi / Francesco Severini / Giada Minelli / Luciano Toma / Marco Di Luca / Maria Elena Remoli / Maria Grazia Ciufolini / Paola Bucci / Roberto Romi

    Parasites & vectors. 2015 Dec., v. 8, no. 1

    2015  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne disease responsible for causing epidemics in many areas of the world. The virus is maintained in nature by an enzootic bird-mosquito-bird cycle and occasionally transmitted to other hosts, such as ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne disease responsible for causing epidemics in many areas of the world. The virus is maintained in nature by an enzootic bird-mosquito-bird cycle and occasionally transmitted to other hosts, such as equines and humans. Culex species, in particular the ubiquitous species Culex pipiens is thought to play a major vector role both in enzootic and epizootic maintenance and transmission of WNV. Introduced in Europe in recent years, since 2008 WNV has been stably circulating mainly in the Northeastern regions of Italy, although sporadic equine and/or human cases, as well as WNV infected Cx. pipiens pools, have been recorded in other Italian areas. The scope of our study was to evaluate the potential competence of some Italian populations of Cx. pipiens to transmit WNV and to assess their ability for vertical transmission of the virus. For this purpose four Italian populations, from different areas, were experimentally infected. METHODS: After the infectious blood meal, fed females were monitored for 32 days to determine the length of viral extrinsic incubation period. WNV titre of infected mosquitoes was evaluated both by quantitative Real Time PCR and viral titration by Plaque Forming Units/ml (PFU/mL) in VERO cells. Potential Infection, Dissemination, Transmission rates (IR, DR, TR) were assessed by detection of the virus in body, legs plus wings and saliva of the fed females, respectively. RESULTS: All tested populations were susceptible to the WNV infection. The viral presence in legs and wings demonstrated the ability of WNV to disseminate in the mosquitoes. Viral RNA was detected in the saliva of tested populations. No significant differences in TR values were observed among the four studied populations. The offspring of the Cx. pipiens infected females were WNV negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our study addressed an important issue in the knowledge on the complex WNV-vector relationships in Italy, indicating that all Italian Cx. pipiens populations tested exhibited vector competence for WNV. Further studies should be performed in order to better clarify the role of other factors (vector density, climatic conditions, reservoir presence etc.) in order to predict where and when WNV outbreaks could occur.
    Keywords at-risk population ; blood meal ; climatic factors ; Culex pipiens ; disease outbreaks ; enzootic diseases ; epizootic diseases ; females ; horses ; hosts ; humans ; legs ; progeny ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; RNA ; saliva ; titration ; vector competence ; vector-borne diseases ; virus transmission ; viruses ; West Nile virus ; wings ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-12
    Size p. 463.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-1067-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Secondary Autochthonous Outbreak of Chikungunya, Southern Italy, 2017

    Flavia Riccardo / Giulietta Venturi / Marco Di Luca / Martina Del Manso / Francesco Severini / Xanthi Andrianou / Claudia Fortuna / Maria Elena Remoli / Eleonora Benedetti / Maria Grazia Caporali / Francesca Fratto / Anna Domenica Mignuoli / Liliana Rizzo / Giuseppe De Vito / Vincenzo De Giorgio / Lorenzo Surace / Francesco Vairo / Paola Angelini / Maria Carla Re /
    Antonello Amendola / Cristiano Fiorentini / Giulia Marsili / Luciano Toma / Daniela Boccolini / Roberto Romi / Patrizio Pezzotti / Giovanni Rezza / Caterina Rizzo

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 25, Iss 11, Pp 2093-

    2019  Volume 2095

    Abstract: In 2017, a chikungunya outbreak in central Italy later evolved into a secondary cluster in southern Italy, providing evidence of disease emergence in new areas. Officials have taken action to raise awareness among clinicians and the general population, ... ...

    Abstract In 2017, a chikungunya outbreak in central Italy later evolved into a secondary cluster in southern Italy, providing evidence of disease emergence in new areas. Officials have taken action to raise awareness among clinicians and the general population, increase timely case detection, reduce mosquito breeding sites, and promote mosquito bite prevention.
    Keywords Chikungunya ; outbreak ; autochthonous ; viruses ; CHIKV ; chikungunya virus ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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