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Article ; Online: Bacterial Periodontitis in Horses

Leonardo Occhiogrosso / Paolo Capozza / Alessio Buonavoglia / Nicola Decaro / Adriana Trotta / Claudia Marin / Marialaura Corrente

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1814, p

An Epidemiological Study in Southern Italy

2023 Volume 1814

Abstract: Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food ... ...

Abstract	Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola , Tannerella forsythia , Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum , Veilonella parvula , and Prevotella intermedia , were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected in a significantly higher proportion of horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals, although pathogens belonging to RCB were detected in low number of horses. At the same time, none of the investigated pathogens was significantly associated with a particular stage of disease severity. Horses aged older than 20 years were at higher risk of EPD. The high rate of coinfection, statistically associated with EPD, supports the hypothesis that EPD is a complex syndrome characterized by the possible simultaneous involvement of several pathogens and an increased risk depending on the animal’s age. Constant oral hygiene is the best prevention to prevent and treat the disease, especially in old animals.
Keywords	horse ; periodontitis ; red complex bacteria ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: African Swine Fever—How to Unravel Fake News in Veterinary Medicine

Adriana Trotta / Mariarosaria Marinaro / Alessandra Cavalli / Marco Cordisco / Angela Piperis / Canio Buonavoglia / Marialaura Corrente

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 656, p

2022 Volume 656

Abstract: In recent years, fake scientific news has spread much faster through the Internet and social media within the so-called “infodemic”. African Swine Fever (ASF) is a perfect case study to prove how fake news can undermine the public health response, even ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, fake scientific news has spread much faster through the Internet and social media within the so-called “infodemic”. African Swine Fever (ASF) is a perfect case study to prove how fake news can undermine the public health response, even in the veterinary field. ASF is a highly contagious infective disease affecting exclusively domestic and wild pigs such as wild boars. ASF can cause social damage and economic losses both directly (due to the high mortality rate) and indirectly (due to international sanctions). Although ASF is not a threat to human health, since 2018 newspapers have often reported false or misleading news, ranging from misinterpreted findings/data to fake or alarmistic news. In some cases, fake news was spread, such as the use of snipers at the border of nations to kill wild boars, or those reports concerning possible risks to human health. In order to provide real and fact-based news on epidemics, some organizations have created easy-to-read infographic and iconographic materials, available on their websites, to help the readers identifying the fake news. Indeed, it is crucial that governments and scientific organizations work against fear and anxiety, using simple and clear communication.
Keywords	mass media ; viral infections ; infectious disease ; wildlife ; conspiracy theories ; quackery ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	070
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle and buffalo from Southern Italy

Angela Fanelli / Adriana Trotta / Filena Bono / Marialaura Corrente / Domenico Buonavoglia

Veterinaria Italiana, Vol 56, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: A cross‑sectional survey was carried out in dairy cattle and buffalo herds from the Southern Italy to detect antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. From 2014 to 2018, 402 herds were monitored and 50 mL of bulk‑tank milk (BTM) per farm was analyzed by ... ...

Abstract	A cross‑sectional survey was carried out in dairy cattle and buffalo herds from the Southern Italy to detect antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. From 2014 to 2018, 402 herds were monitored and 50 mL of bulk‑tank milk (BTM) per farm was analyzed by indirect ELISA. Blood samples of animals from positive farms were also taken and analyzed with the same ELISA test. The overall seroprevalence was 35% [95% Confidence interval (CI):30‑39] at herd level and 13% (95%CI:13‑14) at animal level. Herd province seroprevalences ranged from 17% to 75%. The provinces of Matera (71%, 95%CI:38‑105) and Agrigento (75%, 95%CI:51‑100) showed the highest percentage of infected farms. These results describe the widespread distribution of C. burnetii in livestock from Southern Italy, highlighting the need to implement a monitoring program for Q fever.
Keywords	Cattle ; Buffalo ; ELISA ; Q fever ; Zoonosis ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Basic knowledge and misconceptions on antibiotic use

Marialaura Corrente / Adriana Trotta / Mariarosaria Marinaro / Alessandra Cavalli / Piero Lovreglio / Margie Cirilli / Domenico Buonavoglia

Veterinaria Italiana, Vol 57, Iss

a comparative survey between Veterinary College and High School students in Bari (Italy)

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: Misconceptions about the use and effectiveness of antibiotics contribute to the persistence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to gather information on appropriate use of antibiotics in students from the Veterinary Medicine College ( ... ...

Abstract	Misconceptions about the use and effectiveness of antibiotics contribute to the persistence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to gather information on appropriate use of antibiotics in students from the Veterinary Medicine College (G1, n = 119) and from High School (G2, n = 220), from Bari (Italy) through a questionnaire. The response rate was 89% in G1 and 89.5% in G2. Fifty‑five % of college students and 79% of high‑school students had taken antibiotics in the last 12 months. Unsurprisingly, high‑school students had more misconceptions about antibiotics than G1. The majority of misconceptions stated thati) antibiotics kill viruses (OR 8.4, CI 4.8‑14.7, p < 0.001); ii) they are active against cold and flu (OR 4.6, CI 2.6‑8.1, p < 0.001); iii) it is possible to purchase antibiotics without a medical prescription (OR 7.3, CI 4.3‑12.5, p < 0.001). Information campaigns among young people are urgently needed to reduce misuse and to improve knowledge on antibiotic.
Keywords	Antibiotic use ; Antibiotic resistance ; Cross-sectional survey ; Questionnaire ; Students ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Characterization of oral and cloacal microbial communities of wild and rehabilitated loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Klara Filek / Adriana Trotta / Romana Gračan / Antonio Di Bello / Marialaura Corrente / Sunčica Bosak

Animal Microbiome, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Microbial communities of wild animals are being increasingly investigated to provide information about the hosts’ biology and promote conservation. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are a keystone species in marine ecosystems ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Microbial communities of wild animals are being increasingly investigated to provide information about the hosts’ biology and promote conservation. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are a keystone species in marine ecosystems and are considered vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, which led to growing efforts in sea turtle conservation by rescue centers around the world. Understanding the microbial communities of sea turtles in the wild and how affected they are by captivity, is one of the stepping stones in improving the conservation efforts. Describing oral and cloacal microbiota of wild animals could shed light on the previously unknown aspects of sea turtle holobiont biology, ecology, and contribute to best practices for husbandry conditions. Results We describe the oral and cloacal microbiota of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the microbial communities of wild versus turtles in, or after, rehabilitation at the Adriatic Sea rescue centers and clinics. Our results show that the oral microbiota is more sensitive to environmental shifts than the cloacal microbiota, and that it does retain a portion of microbial taxa regardless of the shift from the wild and into rehabilitation. Additionally, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated oral and cloacal microbiota, while Kiritimatiellaeota were abundant in cloacal samples. Unclassified reads were abundant in the aforementioned groups, which indicates high incidence of yet undiscovered bacteria of the marine reptile microbial communities. Conclusions We provide the first insights into the oral microbial communities of wild and rehabilitated loggerhead sea turtles, and establish a framework for quick and non-invasive sampling of oral and cloacal microbial communities, useful for the expansion of the sample collection in wild loggerhead sea turtles. Finally, our investigation of effects of captivity on the gut-associated microbial community provides a baseline for studying the impact of husbandry ...
Keywords	Microbiota ; Bacterial diversity ; Reptile ; Rehabilitation ; Adriatic Sea ; Conservation ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Resistance in Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta )

Adriana Trotta / Mariarosaria Marinaro / Alessio Sposato / Michela Galgano / Stefano Ciccarelli / Serena Paci / Marialaura Corrente

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 2435, p

A Comparison between Clinical and Commensal Bacterial Isolates

2021 Volume 2435

Abstract: Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta turtles, which can act as reservoir species for resistant microorganisms in the aquatic environment. C. caretta, which have no history of treatment with antimicrobials, are useful ... ...

Abstract	Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta turtles, which can act as reservoir species for resistant microorganisms in the aquatic environment. C. caretta, which have no history of treatment with antimicrobials, are useful sentinel species for resistant microbes. In this culture-based study, commensal bacteria isolated from oral and cloacal samples of 98 healthy C. caretta were compared to clinical isolates from the wounds of 102 injured animals, in order to investigate the presence of AMR bacteria in free-living loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 410 isolates were cultured. Escherichia coli and genera such as Serratia, Moraxella, Kluyvera, Salmonella were isolated only in healthy animals, while Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Morganella were isolated only from the wounds of the injured animals. When tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, the clinical isolates showed highly significant differences in AMR rates vs. commensal isolates for all the drugs tested, except for doxycycline. The detection of high AMR rates in loggerheads is of clinical and microbiological significance since it impacts both the choice of a proper antibiotic therapy and the implementation of conservation programs.
Keywords	sea turtles ; infectious diseases ; sentinel species ; marine ecosystem ; AMR ; pathogens ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of Root Canal Microbiota Associated with a Severe Endodontic-Periodontal Lesion

Alessio Buonavoglia / Gianvito Lanave / Michele Camero / Marialaura Corrente / Antonio Parisi / Vito Martella / Carlo Prati

Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 1461, p

2021 Volume 1461

Abstract: A patient with an unusual endo-periodontal lesion, without coronal decay or damage, likely caused by a deep periodontal lesion with subsequent endodontic bacterial migration, required medical care. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to assess the ... ...

Abstract	A patient with an unusual endo-periodontal lesion, without coronal decay or damage, likely caused by a deep periodontal lesion with subsequent endodontic bacterial migration, required medical care. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to assess the endodontic microbiota in vestibular and palatal canals after tooth extraction, evidencing a predominant population (Fusobacterium nucleatum) in one endodontic canal, and a mixed bacterial population with six major populations almost equally distributed in the other endodontic canal ( F. nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis , P. endodontis, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Prevotella multiformis ). These data could suggest different, separated ecologic niches in the same endodontic system, with potentially different pathogenicity levels, clinical manifestations and prognoses for every single canal of the same tooth.
Keywords	molecular diagnostics ; next-generation sequencing ; endodontic-periodontal lesion ; oral bacteria ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antibacterial and Biofilm Production Inhibition Activity of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil against Salmonella spp. Isolates from Reptiles

Michela Galgano / Daniela Mrenoshki / Francesco Pellegrini / Loredana Capozzi / Marco Cordisco / Laura Del Sambro / Adriana Trotta / Michele Camero / Maria Tempesta / Domenico Buonavoglia / Piero Laricchiuta / Cristiana Catella / Annamaria Pratelli / Alessio Buonavoglia / Marialaura Corrente

Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 804, p

2023 Volume 804

Abstract: Salmonellosis is an infectious disease affecting both animals and humans. Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and biofilm-producing Salmonella spp., frequently detected in reptiles (who can then act as asymptomatic carriers for warm-blooded animals), have ... ...

Abstract	Salmonellosis is an infectious disease affecting both animals and humans. Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and biofilm-producing Salmonella spp., frequently detected in reptiles (who can then act as asymptomatic carriers for warm-blooded animals), have developed resistance to biocides; this represents a warning for the emergence of biocide/antimicrobial cross-resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO) in inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm production of Salmonella spp., which had been isolated from wild reptiles housed in a Zoo in Italy. The resistance profile against different classes of antibiotics showed that all the isolates were susceptible to the tested antibiotics, despite the presence of several AMR genes. All the isolates were also tested with aqueous solutions of TEO at different dilutions (5% to 0.039%). Interestingly, TEO proved effective both in inhibiting bacterial growth at low dilutions, with MIC and MBC values ranging between 0.078% and 0.312%, and in inhibiting biofilm production, with values ranging from 0.039% to 0.156%. TEO demonstrated effective bioactivity against the biofilm producer Salmonella spp., proving to be a valid disinfectant for the prevention of salmonellosis from reptiles, a possible source of infection for humans exposed to the reptiles’ environment.
Keywords	Salmonella ; reptiles ; Thymus vulgaris ; antibiotic resistance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Animal Welfare, Health and the Fight against Climate Change

Giancarlo Bozzo / Marialaura Corrente / Giovanni Testa / Gaia Casalino / Michela Maria Dimuccio / Elena Circella / Nazario Brescia / Roberta Barrasso / Francesco Emanuele Celentano

Agriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1248, p

One Solution for Global Objectives

2021 Volume 1248

Abstract: Climate change is internationally recognized as a source of concern by governments, scientists and public opinion. In this context, the need to find concrete solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Numerous economic sectors contribute to alteration of ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is internationally recognized as a source of concern by governments, scientists and public opinion. In this context, the need to find concrete solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Numerous economic sectors contribute to alteration of climate, especially livestock and, more generally, food production-related activities. For this reason, animal welfare policies, the complex of norms and regulations adopted by single Member States and the European Union in the field of meat production, could be a useful instrument in the climate transition invoked by policy makers and scientists. The aim of this paper was to analyze the current system of animal welfare from a legal and veterinary perspective, and to demonstrate how important and useful, it could be in the fight against climate change; at least if correctly implemented and applied.
Keywords	animal welfare ; health ; antibiotics ; climate change ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Salmonella enterica Subsp. houtenae Associated with an Abscess in Young Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus )

Adriana Trotta / Laura Del Sambro / Michela Galgano / Stefano Ciccarelli / Erika Ottone / Domenico Simone / Antonio Parisi / Domenico Buonavoglia / Marialaura Corrente

Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 654, p

2021 Volume 654

Abstract: Background: S. enterica subsp. houtenae has been rarely documented, and very limited genomic information is available. This report describes a rare case of primary extraintestinal salmonellosis in a young roe deer, associated with Salmonella enterica ... ...

Abstract	Background: S. enterica subsp. houtenae has been rarely documented, and very limited genomic information is available. This report describes a rare case of primary extraintestinal salmonellosis in a young roe deer, associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Methods: A traditional cultural-based analysis was carried out from the contents of a neck abscess; biochemical identification and PCR assay were performed to isolate and identify the pathogen. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), and the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) survey, resistome and virulome genes were investigated to gain insight into the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. houtenae . Results: Biochemical identification and PCR confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp. in the swelling. The WGS analysis identified Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z23:- and ST 958. The virulence study predicted a multidrug resistance pattern with resistance shown against aminoglycosides, tetracycline, beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, nitroimidazole, aminocoumarin, and peptide. Fifty-three antibiotic-resistant genes were identified. No plasmids were detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of continuous surveillance of pathogenic salmonellae. Biomolecular analyses combined with epidemiological data can provide important information about poorly described Salmonella strains and can help to improve animal welfare.
Keywords	extraintestinal salmonellosis ; localized lesion ; abscess ; soft tissue ; roe deer ; AMR resistance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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