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  1. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Pandemic

    Marie ČERNÁ / Pavlína HEJDUKOVÁ

    European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 252-

    New Opportunities for Employment and Education?

    2022  Volume 264

    Abstract: The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are, and of course in the future will be, serious. These consequences are very often foundable also in labour market and education. Some of them are not only problems, but also new opportunities: ... ...

    Abstract The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are, and of course in the future will be, serious. These consequences are very often foundable also in labour market and education. Some of them are not only problems, but also new opportunities: improving of working conditions, modernising employment services and making them more flexible, strengthening employment and social protection systems, family-friendly working time, promoting lifelong learning opportunities, strengthening digital skills, etc. The paper focuses on different approaches and responses to changes in society caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are currently various scientific sources analyzing the threats initiated by the pandemic and their effects on various areas of human activity, including employment and education. However, every crisis can be taken also as an opportunity. This paper therefore primarily deals with the opportunities that the current crisis brings, especially in the field of employment and education. The paper is based on assessment of analyses (literary research) provided by international institutions such as the International Labour Office (ILO), and documents and other research studies prepared and published by the European Union or OECD.
    Keywords covid-19 pandemic ; employment ; labour market ; education ; opportunities ; History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Academy of Economic Studies (ASE)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The role of abdominal ultrasonography in patients with isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma

    Robert Psar / Ondrej Urban / Tomas Rohan / Michal Stepan / Martin Hill / Marie Cerna

    Biomedical Papers, Vol 167, Iss 4, Pp 352-

    2023  Volume 356

    Abstract: Aims. The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasonography (US) in patients with isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma and to compare the frequency of secondary signs on abdominal US and endoscopic ultrasonography ( ...

    Abstract Aims. The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasonography (US) in patients with isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma and to compare the frequency of secondary signs on abdominal US and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in these tumours. Methods. Twenty-four patients with histologically or cytologically verified isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma who underwent abdominal US, contrast-enhanced CT and EUS of the pancreas as part of the diagnostic workup were included in this retrospective study. The sensitivity of abdominal US in detecting the isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma was investigated and the frequency of secondary signs of isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma on abdominal US and EUS was compared. Results. In 5 of 24 patients (21%) with isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma, a hypoechogenic pancreatic lesion was directly visualised on abdominal US. Secondary signs were present on US in 21 patients (88%). These included dilatation of the common bile duct and/or intrahepatic bile ducts in 19/24 (79%), dilatation of the pancreatic duct in 3/24 (13%), abnormal contour/inhomogeneity of the pancreas in 1/24 (4%), and atrophy of the distal parenchyma in 1/24 (4%). Pancreatic duct dilatation was observed more frequently on EUS than on abdominal US (P=0.002). For other secondary signs, there was no significant difference in their detection on abdominal US and EUS (P=0.61-1.00). Conclusion. Abdominal US is capable of detecting secondary signs of isoattenuating pancreatic carcinoma with high sensitivity and has the potential to directly visualise these tumours.
    Keywords pancreatic cancer ; isoattenuating ; ultrasound ; ultrasonography ; computed tomography ; endoscopic ultrasonography ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610 ; 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain

    Anežka Tomášková / Romana Šlamberová / Marie Černá

    Epigenomes, Vol 4, Iss 14, p

    2020  Volume 14

    Abstract: Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by ... ...

    Abstract Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15–34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.
    Keywords methamphetamine ; prenatal ; drug addiction ; striatum ; prefrontal cortex ; hippocampus ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Improvement of the Diagnosis of Isoattenuating Pancreatic Carcinomas by Defining their Characteristics on Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography and Endosonography with Fine-Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)

    Robert Psar / Ondrej Urban / Marie Cerna / Tomas Rohan / Martin Hill

    Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 776, p

    2021  Volume 776

    Abstract: 1) Background. The aim was to define typical features of isoattenuating pancreatic carcinomas on computed tomography (CT) and endosonography and determine the yield of fine-needle aspiration endosonography (EUS-FNA) in their diagnosis. (2) Methods. One ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background. The aim was to define typical features of isoattenuating pancreatic carcinomas on computed tomography (CT) and endosonography and determine the yield of fine-needle aspiration endosonography (EUS-FNA) in their diagnosis. (2) Methods. One hundred and seventy-three patients with pancreatic carcinomas underwent multiphase contrast-enhanced CT followed by EUS-FNA at the time of diagnosis. Secondary signs on CT, size and location on EUS, and the yield of EUS-FNA in isoattenuating and hypoattenuating pancreatic cancer, were evaluated. (3) Results. Isoattenuating pancreatic carcinomas occurred in 12.1% of patients. Secondary signs of isoattenuating pancreatic carcinomas on CT were present in 95.2% cases and included dilatation of the pancreatic duct and/or the common bile duct (85.7%), interruption of the pancreatic duct (76.2%), abnormal pancreatic contour (33.3%), and atrophy of the distal parenchyma (9.5%) Compared to hypoattenuating pancreatic carcinomas, isoattenuating carcinomas were more often localized in the pancreatic head (100% vs. 59.2%; p < 0.001). In ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis, the optimal cut-off value for the size of isoattenuating carcinomas on EUS was ≤ 25 mm (AUC = 0.898). The sensitivity of EUS-FNA in confirmation of isoattenuating and hypoattenuating pancreatic cancer were 90.5% and 92.8% ( p = 0.886). (4) Conclusions. Isoattenuating pancreatic head carcinoma can be revealed by indirect signs on CT and confirmed with high sensitivity by EUS-FNA.
    Keywords computed tomography ; early diagnosis ; endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ; isoattenuation ; pancreatic carcinoma ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610 ; 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Epigenetic Regulation of Circadian Rhythm and Its Possible Role in Diabetes Mellitus

    Michael Hudec / Pavlina Dankova / Roman Solc / Nardjas Bettazova / Marie Cerna

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 3005, p

    2020  Volume 3005

    Abstract: This review aims to summarize the knowledge about the relationship between circadian rhythms and their influence on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythms are controlled by internal molecular feedback ...

    Abstract This review aims to summarize the knowledge about the relationship between circadian rhythms and their influence on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythms are controlled by internal molecular feedback loops that synchronize the organism with the external environment. These loops are affected by genetic and epigenetic factors. Genetic factors include polymorphisms and mutations of circadian genes. The expression of circadian genes is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that change from prenatal development to old age. Epigenetic modifications are influenced by the external environment. Most of these modifications are affected by our own life style. Irregular circadian rhythm and low quality of sleep have been shown to increase the risk of developing T2DM and other metabolic disorders. Here, we attempt to provide a wide description of mutual relationships between epigenetic regulation, circadian rhythm, aging process and highlight new evidences that show possible therapeutic advance in the field of chrono-medicine which will be more important in the upcoming years.
    Keywords type 2 diabetes mellitus ; circadian clock ; epigenetic regulation ; metabolic syndrome ; sleep ; aging ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Celiac Disease Defined by Over-Sensitivity to Gliadin Activation and Superior Antigen Presentation of Dendritic Cells

    Michael Hudec / Kamila Riegerová / Jan Pala / Viera Kútna / Marie Černá / Valerie Bríd O´Leary

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9982, p

    2021  Volume 9982

    Abstract: The autoimmune condition, Celiac Disease (CeD), displays broad clinical symptoms due to gluten exposure. Its genetic association with DQ variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has been recognised. Monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells ( ... ...

    Abstract The autoimmune condition, Celiac Disease (CeD), displays broad clinical symptoms due to gluten exposure. Its genetic association with DQ variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has been recognised. Monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells (MoDCs) present gluten peptides through HLA-DQ and co-stimulatory molecules to T lymphocytes, eliciting a cytokine-rich microenvironment. Having access to CeD associated families prevalent in the Czech Republic, this study utilised an in vitro model to investigate their differential monocyte profile. The higher monocyte yields isolated from PBMCs of CeD patients versus control individuals also reflected the greater proportion of dendritic cells derived from these sources following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ peptic-tryptic-gliadin (PTG) fragment stimulation. Cell surface markers of CeD monocytes and MoDCs were subsequently profiled. This foremost study identified a novel bio-profile characterised by elevated CD64 and reduced CD33 levels, unique to CD14++ monocytes of CeD patients. Normalisation to LPS stimulation revealed the increased sensitivity of CeD-MoDCs to PTG, as shown by CD86 and HLA-DQ flow cytometric readouts. Enhanced CD86 and HLA-DQ expression in CeD-MoDCs were revealed by confocal microscopy. Analysis highlighted their dominance at the CeD-MoDC membrane in comparison to controls, reflective of superior antigen presentation ability. In conclusion, this investigative study deciphered the monocytes and MoDCs of CeD patients with the identification of a novel bio-profile marker of potential diagnostic value for clinical interpretation. Herein, the characterisation of CD86 and HLA-DQ as activators to stimulants, along with robust membrane assembly reflective of efficient antigen presentation, offers CeD targeted therapeutic avenues worth further exploration.
    Keywords monocyte-derived dendritic cells ; major histocompatibility complex II ; autoimmunity ; CD33 ; CD64 ; CD86 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Unpacking Pandora From Its Box

    Valerie Bríd O’Leary / Oliver James Dolly / Cyril Höschl / Marie Černa / Saak Victor Ovsepian

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 386, p

    Deciphering the Molecular Basis of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus

    2021  Volume 386

    Abstract: An enigmatic localized pneumonia escalated into a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review aims to consolidate the extensive biological minutiae of SARS-CoV-2 which requires decipherment. ... ...

    Abstract An enigmatic localized pneumonia escalated into a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review aims to consolidate the extensive biological minutiae of SARS-CoV-2 which requires decipherment. Having one of the largest RNA viral genomes, the single strand contains the genes ORF1ab, S, E, M, N and ten open reading frames. Highlighting unique features such as stem-loop formation, slippery frameshifting sequences and ribosomal mimicry, SARS-CoV-2 represents a formidable cellular invader. Hijacking the hosts translational engine, it produces two polyprotein repositories (pp1a and pp1ab), armed with self-cleavage capacity for production of sixteen non-structural proteins. Novel glycosylation sites on the spike trimer reveal unique SARS-CoV-2 features for shielding and cellular internalization. Affording complexity for superior fitness and camouflage, SARS-CoV-2 challenges diagnosis and vaccine vigilance. This review serves the scientific community seeking in-depth molecular details when designing drugs to curb transmission of this biological armament.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; virus ; pandemic ; bats ; RNA ; coronavirus ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Estimating the radiation dose to the fetus during prophylactic internal iliac occlusion in patients with abnormal placentation

    Marie Cerna / Karel Huml / Martin Kocher / Lenka Jonasova / Tomas Vavra / Vojtech Prasil

    Biomedical Papers, Vol 165, Iss 4, Pp 435-

    2021  Volume 440

    Abstract: Aims. To evaluate the estimated fetal radiation dose during prophylactic internal iliac arterial occlusion in patients with abnormal placenta and to estimate the risk of radiation induced cancer in child age. Methods. Prophylactic occlusion of the ... ...

    Abstract Aims. To evaluate the estimated fetal radiation dose during prophylactic internal iliac arterial occlusion in patients with abnormal placenta and to estimate the risk of radiation induced cancer in child age. Methods. Prophylactic occlusion of the internal iliac arteries during Caesarean section was performed in 42 patients with placenta praevia and/or placenta accreta spectrum. Fogarty embolectomy catheters were used for prophylactic occlusion of the internal iliac arteries. All procedures were performed in the hybrid operating room using Philips Allura Xper FD 20 X-ray system. Low dose X-ray fluoroscopy (7.5 frames per second) was used. The CODE (Conceptus dose estimation) Software was used to estimate the fetal dose and the risk of radiation induced carcinoma. Results. Fluoroscopy times required for insertion of Fogarty catheters were 0.5-4.2 min (mean: 1.7 min, median: 1.5 min). The estimated radiation dose to the fetus was 0.26-3.36 mGy (mean: 1.49 mGy, median: 1.25 mGy). The risk of radiation induced cancer in child age was 0.01-0.04% (mean 0.02%, median 0.01%). One patient developed thrombosis of a common femoral artery. Conclusion. Prophylactic occlusion of the internal iliac arteries is a simple and safe procedure with minimal risk of complications and with a very low estimated radiation dose to the fetus.
    Keywords placenta praevia ; placenta accreta spectrum ; prophylactic occlusion ; internal iliac arteries ; fetus radiation dose ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610 ; 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Is endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms with simultaneous unilateral revascularization of internal iliac artery by branched iliac stentgraft sufficient?

    Petr Drac / Marie Cerna / Martin Kocher / Petr Utikal / Rohit Philip Thomas

    Biomedical Papers, Vol 165, Iss 2, Pp 169-

    2021  Volume 174

    Abstract: Aims. The coverage / occlusion of internal iliac artery (IIA) during endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms (AIA) can be associated with risk of ischemic complications. To reduce these complications, unilateral or bilateral iliac branch device ... ...

    Abstract Aims. The coverage / occlusion of internal iliac artery (IIA) during endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysms (AIA) can be associated with risk of ischemic complications. To reduce these complications, unilateral or bilateral iliac branch device implantation (IBDI) has been reported. This study aims at evaluating the efficacy of simultaneous unilateral IBDI in the treatment of AIAs and comparing our results with literature. Materials and Methods. From March 2010 to December 2019, 27 patients (25 men, 2 women, range 54-84 years) were treated for aorto-iliac/isolated common iliac aneurysms with simultaneous unilateral revascularization of IIA and surgical / endovascular occlusion of contralateral IIA. 27 iliac-branched devices were implanted in 27 patients. The results including ischemic complications were evaluated and compared with literature. Results. The technical success was 100% with no perioperative mortality and morbidity of 3.7%. Primary internal iliac branch patency at a median follow-up of 52 months (range 1-118 months) was 96.42%. Secondary endoleak was observed in 6 patients (Type 1a [1], Type 1b [1], Type II [4]) and inflammatory complication in 1 patient. The incidence of buttock claudication one year after the procedure was 11.1%. Except for buttock claudication no other ischemic complications occurred. Conclusion. Unilateral flow preservation in the IIA territory using IBDI is associated with a lesser, but a certain risk of ischemic complications. Bilateral IBDI with bilateral flow preservation of IIAs increases the complexity, procedure -/ fluoroscopy times, contrast agent volume and cost, however, may further reduce these ischemic complications.
    Keywords bilateral aorto-iliac aneurysm ; bilateral isolated common iliac aneurysms ; endovascular treatment ; iliac-branched device ; internal iliac artery ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Enhanced Extracellular Transfer of HLA-DQ Activates CD3 + Lymphocytes towards Compromised Treg Induction in Celiac Disease

    Michael Hudec / Iva Juříčková / Kamila Riegerová / Saak V. Ovsepian / Marie Černá / Valerie Bríd O’Leary

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 6102, p

    2022  Volume 6102

    Abstract: Celiac disease (CeD) manifests with autoimmune intestinal inflammation from gluten and genetic predisposition linked to human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) gene variants. Antigen-presenting cells facilitate gluten exposition through the interaction ...

    Abstract Celiac disease (CeD) manifests with autoimmune intestinal inflammation from gluten and genetic predisposition linked to human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) gene variants. Antigen-presenting cells facilitate gluten exposition through the interaction of their surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with the T cell receptor (TCR) on T lymphocytes. This fundamental mechanism of adaptive immunity has broadened upon recognition of extracellular exosomal MHC, raising awareness of an alternative means for antigen presentation. This study demonstrates that conditioned growth media (CGM) previously exposed to monocyte-derived dendritic cells from CeD significantly downregulates the CD3 + lineage marker of control T cells. Such increased activation was reflected in their elevated IL-2 secretion. Exosome localization motif identification and quantification within HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 transcripts highlighted their significant prevalence within HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with CeD susceptibility. Flow cytometry revealed the strong correlation between HLA-DQ and the CD63 exosomal marker in T cells exposed to CGM from MoDCs sourced from CeD patients. This resulted in lower concentrations of CD25 + CD127 − T cells, suggestive of their compromised induction to T-regulatory cells associated with CeD homeostasis. This foremost comparative study deciphered the genomic basis and extracellular exosomal effects of HLA transfer on T lymphocytes in the context of CeD, offering greater insight into this auto-immune disease.
    Keywords exosome ; major histocompatibility complex II ; autoimmunity ; monocyte-derived dendritic cells ; gluten ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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