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  1. Article ; Online: Risk factors for disease severity and increased medical resource utilization in respiratory syncytial virus (+) hospitalized children

    Marijke Proesmans / Annabel Rector / Els Keyaerts / Yannick Vandendijck / Francois Vermeulen / Kate Sauer / Marijke Reynders / Ann Verschelde / Wim Laffut / Kristien Garmyn / Roman Fleischhackl / Jacques Bollekens / Gabriela Ispas

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

    A descriptive study conducted in four Belgian hospitals

    2022  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background We aimed to provide regional data on clinical symptoms, medical resource utilization (MRU), and risk factors for increased MRU in hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected Belgian pediatric population. Methods This prospective, ... ...

    Abstract Background We aimed to provide regional data on clinical symptoms, medical resource utilization (MRU), and risk factors for increased MRU in hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected Belgian pediatric population. Methods This prospective, multicenter study enrolled RSV (+) hospitalized children (aged ≤5y) during the 2013–2015 RSV seasons. RSV was diagnosed within 24h of hospitalization. Disease severity of RSV (+) patients was assessed until discharge or up to maximum six days using a Physical Examination Score (PES) and a derived score based on ability to feed, dyspnea and respiratory effort (PES3). MRU (concomitant medications, length of hospitalization [LOH], and oxygen supplementation) was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare MRU by age and presence of risk factors for severe disease. Association between baseline covariates and MRU was analyzed using Cox regression models. Results In total, 75 children were included, Median (range) age was 4 (0–41) months, risk factors were present in 18.7%, and early hospitalization (≤3 days of symptom onset) was observed in 57.3% of patients. Cough (100%), feeding problems (82.2%), nasal discharge (87.8%), and rales and rhonchi (82.2%) were frequently observed. Median (range) LOH and oxygen supplementation was 5 (2–7) and 3 (1–7) days. Oxygen supplementation, bronchodilators, and antibiotics were administered to 58.7%, 64.0%, and 41.3% of the patients, respectively. Age <3 months and baseline total PES3 score were associated with probability and the duration of receiving oxygen supplementation. LOH was not associated with any covariate. Conclusion RSV is associated with high disease burden and MRU in hospitalized children. Oxygen supplementation but not length of hospitalization was associated with very young age and the PES3 score. These results warrant further assessment of the PES3 score as a predictor for the probability of receiving and length of oxygen supplementation in RSV hospitalized children. Registration NCT02133092
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Evolution, geographic spreading, and demographic distribution of Enterovirus D68.

    Emma B Hodcroft / Robert Dyrdak / Cristina Andrés / Adrian Egli / Josiane Reist / Diego García Martínez de Artola / Julia Alcoba-Flórez / Hubert G M Niesters / Andrés Antón / Randy Poelman / Marijke Reynders / Elke Wollants / Richard A Neher / Jan Albert

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 5, p e

    2022  Volume 1010515

    Abstract: Worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease. We collected samples from several European countries during the 2018 outbreak and determined 53 near full-length genome ('whole ... ...

    Abstract Worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease. We collected samples from several European countries during the 2018 outbreak and determined 53 near full-length genome ('whole genome') sequences. These sequences were combined with 718 whole genome and 1,987 VP1-gene publicly available sequences. In 2018, circulating strains clustered into multiple subgroups in the B3 and A2 subclades, with different phylogenetic origins. Clusters in subclade B3 emerged from strains circulating primarily in the US and Europe in 2016, though some had deeper roots linking to Asian strains, while clusters in A2 traced back to strains detected in East Asia in 2015-2016. In 2018, all sequences from the USA formed a distinct subgroup, containing only three non-US samples. Alongside the varied origins of seasonal strains, we found that diversification of these variants begins up to 18 months prior to the first diagnostic detection during a EV-D68 season. EV-D68 displays strong signs of continuous antigenic evolution and all 2018 A2 strains had novel patterns in the putative neutralizing epitopes in the BC- and DE-loops. The pattern in the BC-loop of the USA B3 subgroup had not been detected on that continent before. Patients with EV-D68 in subclade A2 were significantly older than patients with a B3 subclade virus. In contrast to other subclades, the age distribution of A2 is distinctly bimodal and was found primarily among children and in the elderly. We hypothesize that EV-D68's rapid evolution of surface proteins, extensive diversity, and high rate of geographic mixing could be explained by substantial reinfection of adults. Better understanding of evolution and immunity across diverse viral pathogens, including EV-D68 and SARS-CoV-2, is critical to pandemic preparedness in the future.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 positivity ratio and upper respiratory tract viral load among asymptomatic individuals screened before hospitalization or surgery in Flanders, Belgium.

    Laura Heireman / Steven Abrams / Peggy Bruynseels / Reinoud Cartuyvels / Lize Cuypers / Pieter De Schouwer / Wim Laffut / Katrien Lagrou / Niel Hens / Erwin Ho / Elizaveta Padalko / Marijke Reynders / Sarah Vandamme / Nathalie Van der Moeren / Walter Verstrepen / Philippe Willems / Reinout Naesens

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e

    2021  Volume 0259908

    Abstract: Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study ... ...

    Abstract Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity ratio and distribution of viral loads within a cohort of asymptomatic patients screened prior hospitalization or surgery, stratified by age category. Materials/methods We retrospectively studied data on SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR detection in respiratory tract samples of asymptomatic patients screened pre-hospitalization or pre-surgery in nine Belgian hospitals located in Flanders over a 12-month period (1 April 2020-31 March 2021). Results In total, 255925 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results and 2421 positive results for which a viral load was reported, were included in this study. An unweighted overall SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR positivity ratio of 1.27% was observed with strong spatiotemporal differences. SARS-CoV-2 circulated predominantly in 80+ year old individuals across all time periods except between the first and second COVID-19 wave and in 20-30 year old individuals before the second COVID-19 wave. In contrast to the first wave, a significantly higher positivity ratio was observed for the 20-40 age group in addition to the 80+ age group compared to the other age groups during the second wave. The median viral load follows a similar temporal evolution as the positivity rate with an increase ahead of the second wave and highest viral loads observed for 80+ year old individuals. Conclusion There was a high SARS-CoV-2 circulation among asymptomatic patients with a predominance and highest viral loads observed in the elderly. Moreover, ahead of the second COVID-19 wave an increase in median viral load was noted with the highest overall positivity ratio observed in 20-30 year old individuals, indicating they could have been the hidden drivers ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 positivity ratio and upper respiratory tract viral load among asymptomatic individuals screened before hospitalization or surgery in Flanders, Belgium

    Laura Heireman / Steven Abrams / Peggy Bruynseels / Reinoud Cartuyvels / Lize Cuypers / Pieter De Schouwer / Wim Laffut / Katrien Lagrou / Niel Hens / Erwin Ho / Elizaveta Padalko / Marijke Reynders / Sarah Vandamme / Nathalie Van der Moeren / Walter Verstrepen / Philippe Willems / Reinout Naesens

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss

    2021  Volume 11

    Abstract: Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study ... ...

    Abstract Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity ratio and distribution of viral loads within a cohort of asymptomatic patients screened prior hospitalization or surgery, stratified by age category. Materials/Methods We retrospectively studied data on SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR detection in respiratory tract samples of asymptomatic patients screened pre-hospitalization or pre-surgery in nine Belgian hospitals located in Flanders over a 12-month period (1 April 2020–31 March 2021). Results In total, 255925 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results and 2421 positive results for which a viral load was reported, were included in this study. An unweighted overall SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR positivity ratio of 1.27% was observed with strong spatiotemporal differences. SARS-CoV-2 circulated predominantly in 80+ year old individuals across all time periods except between the first and second COVID-19 wave and in 20–30 year old individuals before the second COVID-19 wave. In contrast to the first wave, a significantly higher positivity ratio was observed for the 20–40 age group in addition to the 80+ age group compared to the other age groups during the second wave. The median viral load follows a similar temporal evolution as the positivity rate with an increase ahead of the second wave and highest viral loads observed for 80+ year old individuals. Conclusion There was a high SARS-CoV-2 circulation among asymptomatic patients with a predominance and highest viral loads observed in the elderly. Moreover, ahead of the second COVID-19 wave an increase in median viral load was noted with the highest overall positivity ratio observed in 20–30 year old individuals, indicating they could have been the hidden drivers ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Heads or Tails

    Wim Schuermans / Hans Orlent / Isabelle Desombere / Patrick Descheemaeker / Hans Van Vlierberghe / Anja Geerts / Xavier Verhelst / Marijke Reynders / Elizaveta Padalko

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 9, p

    Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus Concerning the 2k/1b Circulating Recombinant Form

    2016  Volume 1384

    Abstract: As different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes respond differently to initiated therapy, correct HCV genotyping is essential. A potential risk for misclassification of the intergenotypic HCV circulating recombinant form (CRF) 2k/1b strains exists, ... ...

    Abstract As different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes respond differently to initiated therapy, correct HCV genotyping is essential. A potential risk for misclassification of the intergenotypic HCV circulating recombinant form (CRF) 2k/1b strains exists, depending on the genotyping method used. The aim was to investigate the differences in HCV genotyping methods with regard to CRF 2k/1b and to gain insight in the prevalence of the CRF 2k/1b. Genotyping results by Versant HCV Genotype Assay were compared with nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) sequencing. In total, from November 2001 until March 2015, 3296 serum samples were analyzed by Versant HCV Genotype Assay. As misclassified CRF is harbored among HCV genotype 2, we further focused our search on 142 (4.3%) samples positive for HCV genotype 2. On 116 (81.7%) retrieved samples, the NS5B sequencing was performed. Twelve out of the 116 retrieved samples (10.3%) were classified as CRF 2k/1b by sequencing of the NS5B region. Ten of these 12 samples were originally misclassified as genotype 2a or 2c, while 2 of them were misclassified as genotype 2. Our results show that the current prevalence of CRF 2k/1b is underestimated. The importance of correct HCV genotyping is emphasized, considering the tailored choice of treatment regimen and overall prognosis.
    Keywords HCV ; genotype ; sequencing ; misclassification ; CRF 2k/1b ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Distribution of HCV genotypes in Belgium from 2008 to 2015.

    Lobna Bouacida / Vanessa Suin / Veronik Hutse / Michaël Boudewijns / Reinoud Cartuyvels / Laurent Debaisieux / Emmanuel De Laere / Marie Hallin / Nicolas Hougardy / Katrien Lagrou / Els Oris / Elizaveta Padalko / Marijke Reynders / Gatien Roussel / Jean-Marc Senterre / Michel Stalpaert / Dominique Ursi / Carl Vael / Dolores Vaira /
    Jos Van Acker / Walter Verstrepen / Steven Van Gucht / Benoit Kabamba / Sophie Quoilin / Gaëtan Muyldermans

    PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 12, p e

    2018  Volume 0207584

    Abstract: Background The knowledge of circulating HCV genotypes and subtypes in a country is crucial to guide antiviral therapy and to understand local epidemiology. Studies investigating circulating HCV genotypes and their trends have been conducted in Belgium. ... ...

    Abstract Background The knowledge of circulating HCV genotypes and subtypes in a country is crucial to guide antiviral therapy and to understand local epidemiology. Studies investigating circulating HCV genotypes and their trends have been conducted in Belgium. However they are outdated, lack nationwide representativeness or were not conducted in the general population. Methods In order to determine the distribution of different circulating HCV genotypes in Belgium, we conducted a multicentre study with all the 19 Belgian laboratories performing reimbursed HCV genotyping assays. Available genotype and subtype data were collected for the period from 2008 till 2015. Furthermore, a limited number of other variables were collected: some demographic characteristics from the patients and the laboratory technique used for the determination of the HCV genotype. Results For the study period, 11,033 unique records collected by the participating laboratories were used for further investigation. HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (53.6%) genotype in Belgium, with G1a and G1b representing 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively. Genotype 3 was the next most prevalent (22.0%). Further, genotype 4, 2, and 5 were responsible for respectively 16.1%, 6.2%, and 1.9% of HCV infections. Genotype 6 and 7 comprise the remaining <1%. Throughout the years, a stable distribution was observed for most genotypes. Only for genotype 5, a decrease as a function of the year of analysis was observed, with respectively 3.6% for 2008, 2.3% for 2009 and 1.6% for the remaining years. The overall M:F ratio was 1.59 and was mainly driven by the high M:F ratio of 3.03 for patients infected with genotype 3. Patients infected with genotype 3 are also younger (mean age 41.7 years) than patients infected with other genotypes (mean age above 50 years for all genotypes). The patients for whom a genotyping assay was performed in 2008 were younger than those from 2015. Geographical distribution demonstrates that an important number of genotyped HCV patients live outside ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Multinational Observational Cohort Study of COVID-19–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis

    Nico A.F. Janssen / Rémy Nyga / Lore Vanderbeke / Cato Jacobs / Mehmet Ergün / Jochem B. Buil / Karin van Dijk / Josje Altenburg / Catherine S.C. Bouman / Hans I. van der Spoel / Bart J.A. Rijnders / Albert Dunbar / Jeroen A. Schouten / Katrien Lagrou / Marc Bourgeois / Marijke Reynders / Niels van Regenmortel / Lynn Rutsaert / Piet Lormans /
    Simon Feys / Yves Debavaye / Fabienne Tamion / Damien Costa / Julien Maizel / Hervé Dupont / Taieb Chouaki / Saad Nseir / Boualem Sendid / Roger J.M. Brüggemann / Frank L. van de Veerdonk / Joost Wauters / Paul E. Verweij

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 11, Pp 2892-

    2021  Volume 2898

    Abstract: We performed an observational study to investigate intensive care unit incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of coronavirus disease–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We found 10%–15% CAPA incidence among 823 patients in 2 cohorts. Several ... ...

    Abstract We performed an observational study to investigate intensive care unit incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of coronavirus disease–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We found 10%–15% CAPA incidence among 823 patients in 2 cohorts. Several factors were independently associated with CAPA in 1 cohort and mortality rates were 43%–52%.
    Keywords respiratory infections ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus disease ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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